I-biosphere yasemhlabeni iqukethe zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, kubandakanya nabantu. Ngenxa yokusakazwa njalo kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezinto ezingaphili, inqubo yokuguqula ezinye izinto zibe ezinye ayimeli umzuzwana. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo zithola zonke izinhlobo zezakhi zamakhemikhali emhlabathini, emkhathini - isikhutha namanzi. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga, ngenxa ye-photosynthesis, bakhipha umoya-mpilo emoyeni, okuphefumula izilwane, abantu, izinambuzane - wonke umuntu okudingayo kubalulekile. Lapho kufa, izitshalo eziphilayo zibuyisela zonke izinto ezinqwabelene emhlabathini, lapho izinto eziphilayo ziphinde ziguqulwe zibe yi-nitrogen, isulfure nezinye izakhi zethebula lezikhathi.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezinqubo kwemijikelezo emincane nemikhulu
Umjikelezo omkhulu wokuma komhlaba ubulokhu uqhubeka izigidi zamakhulu eminyaka. Abahlanganyeli bayo:
- amadwala;
- umoya;
- ukushintsha kokushisa;
- imvula.
Kancane kancane izintaba ziyawa, umoya nezimvula kukhukhula uthuli oluhleliwe olwandle nasezilwandle, emifuleni nasemachibini. Izidumbu ezisezansi ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubo ze-tectonic zihlala ebusweni beplanethi, lapho, ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga aphezulu okushisa, zidlulela kwesinye isimo somzimba. Lapho izintaba-mlilo ziqhuma, lezi zinto ziphonswa ngaphezulu, zakhe amagquma amasha namagquma.
Kumjikelezo omncane, ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo zizokwenza umsebenzi obalulekile:
- amanzi;
- izakhamzimba;
- ikhabhoni;
- umoya-mpilo;
- izitshalo;
- izilwane;
- ama-microorganisms;
- amagciwane.
Izitshalo ziqoqa phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo inqwaba yesibabule, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen kanye nabanye ababambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zamakhemikhali. Bese imifino idliwa yizilwane, ezihlinzeka inyama nobisi, isikhumba noboya kubantu. Isikhunta namagciwane kuphila ngokusebenzisa kabusha udoti wokudla ovela ezilwaneni futhi bayabandakanyeka kuzinqubo zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, isitoko sonke samakhemikhali sibuyela emhlabathini, sidlulele emhlabathini ngaphansi kwethonya lenqubo yokubola. Yile ndlela okwenzeka ngayo umjikelezo we-biogeochemical, uguqula izinto ezingaphili zibe izinto eziphilayo, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Imisebenzi yabantu enobudlova iholele ekuguqukeni kokujwayelekile kwemijikelezo yomibili, kube nezinguquko ezingenakulungiseka enhlabathini kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izindawo zezitshalo ezifayo. Ukukhishwa okukhulu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala izibulala-zinambuzane, amagesi kanye nodoti wezimboni emkhathini nasemanzini kunciphisa inani lomswakama oshwabene, okuthinta isimo sezulu nezimo zokuphila zezinto eziphilayo ku-ecosystem yomhlaba.
