I-Otterhound (i-English Otterhound kusuka ku-otter - otter ne-hound - inja yokuzingela) uhlobo lwenja yaseBrithani. I-hound futhi okwamanje yamukelwa yi-English Kennel Club njengohlobo lwendawo olusengozini olunezilwane ezingaba ngu-600 emhlabeni jikelele.
Umlando wozalo
Iningi lizama ukuthandana ne-Otterhound (njengohlobo) kusukela ezinsukwini zeNkosi uJohn (iNkosi yaseNgilandi kusukela ngo-1199 kuya ku-1216), owayezingela ngepakethe yalezi zinja. Lo mqondo, nokho, unamaphutha, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi amaqembu noma izinhlobo zezinja zazingabizwa ngokufana okufanayo ababelana ngakho (ukuzalela), kodwa ngomsebenzi abawenzayo.
Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi inja efakazele ukuthi iyakwazi ukuthola nokulandela iphunga le-otter ingahlukaniswa njenge-otterhound. Ngokunokwenzeka, izinja ezazisetshenziswa yinkosi zazifana kakhulu nama-otterhounds anamuhla, ngoba zazingaphezulu kakhulu kunezingulube. Lokhu kufakazelwa yimibhalo kaWilliam Twitchy, umgcini wemidlalo kaKing Edward II, owathi ngekhulu le-14 wabachaza "njengohlobo lwenja oluhlala phakathi kwenja ne-terrier."
Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ukuzingelwa kwama-otter kwakhula kwaba umdlalo womnumzane ofanele izicukuthwane, njengokuzingela izimpungushe. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kwakungumsebenzi nje owawenziwa ngabangewona izicukuthwane ukuvikela ukudla nezinqolobane zemvelo zemifudlana emifuleni nasemachibini avela kuma-otter; isilwane esasithathwa njengesimuncagazi.
INkosi u-Edward II, inkosi yaseNgilandi kusukela ngo-1307-1327, waba yisikhulu sokuqala ukuthola isihloko se-Master of Otterhounds; igama elimfanele ngenxa yekhono lakhe lokuzingela namandla akhe lapho ebasebenzisela ukuzingela inyamazane yakhe, i-otter. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela, ezinye izikhulu zalandela isibonelo sikaHenry VI, u-Edward IV, uRichard II no-III, uHenry II, u-VI, u-VII no-VIII, noCharles II, ngamunye wabo owayephethe isihloko se-Otterhound Master esikhathini esithile emlandweni. INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth I waba yinkosikazi yokuqala yama-Otterhounds ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe kweziphathimandla zaseNgilandi kusukela ngo-1588 kuya ku-1603.
Ukusetshenziswa kwephakethe le-Otterhound kubhalwe kabanzi kuyo yonke imibhalo yomlando, yize ukuthi lolu hlobo lwavela kanjani kungacaci. Okuningi kwalokho okukhona namuhla maqondana nomlando we-Otterhound kuyisihloko sombono kanye nokuqagela.
Enye inkolelo ithi i-otterhound yehle ngqo ivela enjeni eseningizimu engasekho manje. Lapho isitholakele eDevonshire, i-hound eseningizimu yayaziwa ngekhono layo lokuthola umdlalo ngephunga, kepha ingathandwa ngokungabi nejubane kwayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kwakukholakala ukuthi isetshenziselwa kangcono ukuzingela inyamazane efana nenyamazane, eyayizogcina ikhathele ukufuna leyo nto, kepha ngokungafani nempungushe noma unogwaja, yayingeke ikwazi ukubalekela emgodini ophephile noma emgodini.
Omunye umbono, owethulwe ngabaphathi bezinja, uthi i-otterhound yaqhamuka esikhungweni saseFrance esingasekho manje, okungenzeka ukuthi sangeniswa eNgilandi nabaseNorman ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Umthandi wezinja owaziwayo futhi umbhali nomhleli wezinhlobonhlobo zezincwadi zezinja zekhulu le-19 elidumile uTheo Marples waveza ukufana okuqinile ngokomzimba phakathi kwe-Otterhound neFrench Vendée Hound endala; ngayinye ifana kakhulu nenye, kokubili ngoboya nasesakhiweni.
Kungenzeka ukuthi yonke imibono inembile ngezinga elithile. Izazi-mlando ziyavuma ukuthi i-Otterhound yadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Airedale. Ukusetshenziswa kokuzingelwa kwama-otter kwanqanyulwa eNgilandi ngemuva kuka-1978, lapho ukubulawa kwama-otter kwakungavunyelwe ngumthetho, ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuzingela i-mink ne-nutria ngama-otterhounds.
Njengoba amalungu angaphansi kuka-1000 ohlobo olusele emhlabeni wonke, namanje akwaziwa emhlabeni. Izibalo zokubhaliswa kwe-AKC zango-2019 zibeka i-Otterhound esondele kakhulu ezansi kohlu ngokuthandwa; ikleliswe ezinhlwini ezingu-161 kwezingu-167 noma ezi-6 kusuka ekugcineni ngenani eliphelele lezinja ezibhalisiwe kulo nyaka.
I-United Kingdom ne-United States bagcina ama-otterhounds aphakeme kakhulu, anabantu abancane eJalimane, eScandinavia, eSwitzerland, eCanada, eNew Zealand naseNetherlands. Kusukela ngo-2018, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunama-otterhounds angama-350 e-US naseCanada; ngawo lowo nyaka, kwabhaliswa abangu-57 e-United Kingdom.
Inani eliphansi njalo lokubhaliswa liholele ekutheni i-Otterhound ibhekwe njengezinja ezisengozini kakhulu e-UK. Ziphinde zabalwa njenge-Breedable Local Breed yiBritish Kennel Club futhi kwenziwa yonke imizamo yokusindisa lolu hlobo. IBritish Otterhound Club okwamanje izama ukuthola umgomo wesimanje walolu hlobo lwasendulo, iphawula ukuthi "banekhala elikhulu futhi bangasetshenziswa ukulandela izidakamizwa."
Incazelo
Yinja enkulu, ikhuluphele kakhulu emathanjeni futhi inkulu ngomzimba. Amaduna anesisindo esisuka ku-52 kg futhi afinyelela ku-69 cm.Awesifazane anesisindo esisuka ku-36 kg futhi afinyelela kuma-61 cm ekubuneni.Izindlebe zibekwe phansi, okwenza zibe zinde kunalokho okuyikho ngempela, futhi zimbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele ezinde. Ikhanda likhulu impela futhi liyabuswa uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wenja. Isifonyo siyisikwele, intshebe yinde, amehlo ajulile. Ikhala limnyama bhuqe noma nsundu ngokuphelele. Izinyawo ezine-webbed zibanzi, zinamapayipi aminyene, ajulile nezinzwane ezigobile.
Ijazi yilona phawu olubonakala kakhulu lwe-otterhound. Inamafutha, ilayishwe kabili, ivikela inja emanzini abandayo nasemagatsheni. Ijazi langaphandle liminyene kakhulu, limahhadlahhadla, imvamisa linezinwele ezithambile ekhanda nasemaceleni. Ingubo yangaphansi engangeni manzi ikhona ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kepha ichithwa ehlobo.
Yonke inhlanganisela yemibala yamukelekile, kepha okuvame kakhulu mnyama nomnyama, i-tan enesihlalo esimnyama, isibindi kanye ne-tan, i-tricolor (amabala amhlophe, amnyama namnyama), ne-wheaten.
Uhlamvu
Uhlobo aluvamile neze. E-United States, imfucumfucu emine kuya kweziyisikhombisa ivame ukuzalwa ngonyaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukukuthola. Ukuxhumana, ukugcwalisa amafomu nokulinda zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kuthengwe eyodwa yazo.
Yizinja ezinkulu, ezinobungane, ezithandanayo ezinengqondo yazo. I-Otterhound inenhliziyo yengane ejabulayo futhi inamahlaya ayingqayizivele. Ngokuvamile bazwana kahle nezinja namakati uma bethulwe kahle noma bekhuliswa kahle nabo. Abanikazi abaningi bayamangala lapho ikati nenja yabo bezwana. Abanye abanikazi bathole ukuthi inja yabo ihlala kahle ngopholi, amahhashi nezingulube. Amagundane amancane, noma kunjalo, akufanele ashiywe nalezi zinja. Ukujaha isilwane esincane kungokwemvelo.
U-Otterhound udinga ukuzibandakanya okukhulu kwabantu, ukuqala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka nokuqhubeka impilo yakhe yonke. Badinga ukuqeqeshwa ngumuntu oqinile futhi onakekelayo kepha ophethe kakhulu. Inja izothatha ubuholi uma ingalawulwa.
Bayayithanda nenkampani yezingane, kepha ama-Otterhounds amancane makhulu futhi ajwayelekile, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukusebenza nezingane ezincane noma abantu asebekhulile ababuthaka.
Bathanda ukugijima nokubhukuda. Akukho okubenza bajabule! I-Otterhound ilungele kangcono umndeni onolwazi, othanda imvelo ongamthatha ahambe naye nsuku zonke nasezintabeni ezijabulisayo ehlathini ngezimpelasonto. I-leash noma uthango oluphephe kakhulu kuyadingeka. Le nja yazalelwa ukuzingela izilwane ezincane, futhi uzozingela ngasikhathi esincane. Uhlala njalo efuna amaphunga amasha, futhi uma esethole iphunga, ukuphikelela kwakhe, ukuzimisela nokubekezela kusho ukuthi uzolilandela iphunga kuze kube sekupheleni.
I-otterhound inezinga eliphezulu lamandla. Udinga ukuzivocavoca umzimba nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwalokho uzokhipha amandla akhe abe yimbubhiso.
Banobungane futhi bayakhonkotha kanye ukumemezela abantu abangabazi bese bebathanda njengabangani abalahlekayo kudala. Ama-Otterhounds anothando kodwa ayazimele. Bayayithanda imihlambi yabo, kepha abadingi ukunakwa njalo. Bazokujabulela ukukubona ekhaya, kodwa bazobuyela embhedeni ukuqedela ukulala kwabo.
Ama-Otterhounds kunzima ukuwaqeqesha ngoba anengqondo yawo futhi angaba nenkani eqinile ekwenqabeni ukubamba iqhaza ekuqeqeshweni. Isisusa sokudla sisebenza kahle kakhulu ngalezi zinja, futhi ukugcina ukuqeqeshwa kwakho kufushane kunenzuzo. Abathandi ukutshelwa ukuthi benzeni. Imvelo yabo elula yenza lesi sici singanakwa kalula, ngoba akwenzeki kaningi. Imvelo yabo enenkani nokuvuthwa okuhamba kancane kusho ukuthi kungabathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni ukubenza babe ngabafuyi ngokugcwele.
Ama-otterhounds angcolile kakhulu. Baphatha isitsha sabo samanzi kube sengathi yisiziba esincane, bachela futhi bafafaza amanzi kuyo yonke indawo. Bathanda ukufaka isifonyo sabo emanzini ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi lokhu kusebenza kuyo yonke imithombo yamanzi. Bazogxuma bazigingqe odakeni olunodaka futhi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, bagijimele endlini, bacwiliswe esikhunjeni. Amahlamvu, ukungcola, iqhwa, indle nokunye ukungcola kunamathela eboyeni bakhe kugcine kugcwele indlu yonke.
Lolu hlobo luthanda ukukhonkotha, futhi ukukhonkotha kwalo kungathandeki ngoba kuyithebe elikhulu kakhulu, elijulile, elinobuntu elihamba amabanga amade ngokumangazayo.
Ukunakekela
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-Otterhound anamajazi amaningi, iningi lawo alichiphi okuningi. Zama ukuxubha ijazi masonto onke ukuze linganamathelani, ikakhulukazi ekhanda, emilenzeni nasesiswini.
Qala inqubo yakho yokuzilungisa masonto onke usemncane. Uma ulinda umdlwane ukuba ukhule, uzodala iziphandla engutsheni yangaphansi. Inja yakho ingahle ingathandi okwenzekile okusha okubuhlungu, futhi lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuyinakekela. Ngisho nokuzilungisa masonto onke, kwesinye isikhathi ijazi le-otter lidinga ukusikwa. Ijazi lingasikwa ukuvimbela ukubambana. Uma isikiwe, ijazi lizothatha cishe iminyaka emibili ukuthi likhule libuye ngokuphelele. Ukugeza masonto onke akudingekile ngaphandle kokuthi uhlela ukukhombisa inja yakho embukisweni.
Ama-otterhounds nokungcola kuyahambisana. Izidladla, intshebe nezindlebe kwenziwa ukuthwala ukungcola ngaphakathi endlini. Ukusika izidladla naphakathi kwamapayipi kungasiza, kepha zilungiselele ukungcola okuningi. Ukuhamba nsuku zonke kusiza ukugcina izinzipho zifushane, kepha kungcono ukuzisika masonto onke. Ukuxubha amazinyo kufanele futhi kube yingxenye yokuzilungisa kwakho njalo. Gcina ithoyizi eliluhlaza noma elezintambo ngale njongo.
Hlola izindlebe zenja yakho njalo futhi uzihlanze njalo. Ngenxa yezindlebe eziphansi ezilengayo, lolu hlobo luvame ukutheleleka ezindlebeni. Hlola izindlebe zakho masonto onke ukuthola ukutheleleka ngaphambi kokuba kubi kakhulu.
Ezempilo
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okwenziwa ngo-1996 nango-2003 kukhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwabantu yiminyaka eyishumi.
Esikhathini esedlule, izifo ezibanga ukujiya kwegazi kwakuyinkinga enkulu yama-otterhounds. Lezi zifo zaholela emazingeni okuzalwa aphansi futhi zabulala impilo yezinja eziningi. Lokhu kuseseyinkinga nanamuhla.
Isifo esivame kakhulu samathambo yi-hip dysplasia, esakazeke kakhulu kohlobo. I-Orthopedic Foundation of America ihlole ama-radiographs okhalweni angama-245 Otterhounds futhi yathola ukuthi ama-51% awo ane-dysplasia. Ezinye izinkinga yi-elbow dysplasia ne-osteochondritis.
Enye inkinga ngama-otterhounds ama-cyst sebaceous. Izigidi zama-pores nezinwele zezinwele esikhunjeni zizungezwe izindlala ezincane kakhulu. Lezi zindlala zikhiqiza uwoyela obizwa nge-sebum, ogcina ijazi licwebezela. Amafutha futhi asebenza njengolwelwesi oluvikelayo nolumanzisa izinwele nezinwele.
Ama-cyst ama-Sebaceous ayenzeka lapho i-pore evamile noma i-follicle yezinwele ivaleka, imvamisa kusuka ekungcoleni, ekuthelelekeni, noma uma i-sebum iba bukhulu kakhulu ukuphuma eporeni.
Uma nje ama-cysts emancane, evaliwe, futhi eqinile, awasilimazi isilwane. Ama-cysts ama-Sebaceous aba nenkinga lapho eqhuma futhi evuleka. Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka lapho i-cyst ingapholi ngama-antibiotics. Bangakwazi futhi ukungena esikhunjeni futhi bangene ezicutshini eziseduze. Umphumela uba ukuvuvukala okugxile, kubangele indawo ebomvu, enukayo lapho isilwane sinamathuba amaningi okuthi sikhothe, siklwebhe futhi sihlikihle. Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela ama-cyst sebaceous. Ukuzilungisa njalo kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthola noma yimaphi ama-cysts avaliwe noma avulekile.
