Amakhowe aseCamelina ajwayelekile eYurophu futhi abantu abaningi bayawakhetha badle. Ukunambitheka kwamakhowe akuhlukile kakhulu kunambitheka amanye amakhowe, iphunga laso liyisithelo esincane, okusikhumbuza ibhilikotsi. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu isasasa lokusesha neqiniso lokuthi ziyabukeka ngokubukeka ngenxa yomumo wazo nombala wewolintshi.
Incazelo
Amakepisi amakhekhe obisi lwesafron akhula aze afike ku-12 cm ububanzi futhi amise okwefeleni kancane onqenqemeni olugobele ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kuma-specimens amancane. Ngokukhula, i-convex (eyindilinga noma enqunyelwe) enesifo sokudangala esimaphakathi, amakepisi amakhowe aba ngofanele. Ubuso bekepisi bomile, kepha buba manzi (bucebe) lapho bumanzi.
Kumawolintshi ayinyama, isanqante-orange, noma kwesinye isikhathi ikepisi le-apricot ebuthuntu, imivimbo egxilile evame ukuvela ebusweni, edwetshwa lapha nalaphaya enamabala aluhlaza omnqumo.
Umbala onobisi uyisihluthulelo sokuhlonza izinkomishi zobisi lwesafron uma uqhathaniswa namanye amakhowe. Lawa makhowe akhipha isanqante noma ubisi olintshi olukhanyayo oluqhamuka ezinsikeni ngemuva kokusikwa noma ukulinyazwa. Amawele aseCamelina anombala ofanayo, kepha ngokubomvu ngokubonakalayo, aphenduke abomvu / abomvu ngokujulile ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10-30 ngemuva kokuvezwa umoya.
Umlenze wekhephu lobisi lwesafron unamabala. Ngakho-ke, lapho usika amakhowe avela ku-mycelium, qiniseka ukusika ingxenye yesiqu, hhayi nje ikepisi, ukwenza kube lula ukubona ukuthi ikhowe liyadla noma cha.
Uma usika elilodwa lalawa makhowe, ngemuva kwesikhashana lizoqala ukukhipha ujusi onobisi wombala we-orenji okhanyayo, ocishe ube ngaphansi kokukhanya. Ijusi ishiya umaki ezandleni noma ezingutsheni uma ihlangana nazo. Izigilo zalesi fungus ziqondiswe phansi nasebude obuhlukahlukene, zinombala okhanyayo we-orenji, futhi ziba luhlaza ngeminyaka.
Umlenze uqinile, ufinyelela kuma-70 mm ukuphakama, iwolintshi kuma-specimens amancane. Izigqoko nezinyawo ziba nombala onombala oluhlaza okotshani njengoba zikhula noma zilinyazwa. Umbhalo we-spore uphuzi ngokukhanyayo.
Amakhowe avunwa ngezigaba zokuqala zokukhula, ngoba izinambuzane zibeka izibungu kuwo. Sika umzimba ngesigamu ngenkathi uhlangana ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukutheleleka okuzibonakalisa njengamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemigudu kukhowe. Njengoba zikhula, imizimba yezithelo iba mhlophe futhi iba mikhulu impela, izinhlobo ezindala zigcwele izibungu futhi azinambitheki.
Izinhlobo zezinkomishi zobisi lwesafron
Amakhowe abomvu obisi
I-cap iyahluka ngosayizi, kwezinye izinhlobo zabantu abadala ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-3 noma 4 cm ububanzi, kepha kaningi kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 cm ububanzi, lesi silinganiso akuvamile ukuthi seqiwe. Ekuqaleni, ikepisi linokuma okuxubile, bese liyabhabha, isikhungo siyacwila kancane, futhi ekugcineni sibe yifele. Ingaphezulu lekepisi liyi-matte, i-orenji ephaphathekile enezindawo ezigxile ezingabonakali kakhulu, ngokushesha iba luhlaza ngokuthambile okumpunga nezindawo eziluhlaza okotshani. Unqenqema lusongwe ngamakhowe amancane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lubhebhetheka ngaphandle, lu-wavy omncane.
I-hymenophore ivezwe kahle, i-orenji ephaphathekile, ama-gill ajwayele ukuhlukaniswa nge-peduncle. Ubisi oluyimfihlo olufihlayo luphenduka luwolintshi lapho lulimele, futhi kwezinye izimo lucishe lube bomvu. Izigwili ziba luhlaza ngokuguga.
Umlenze oyisilinda u-2-4 amasentimitha ubude no-1.2-1.8 amasentimitha ububanzi unombala ofana nombala wekepisi, noma uthambile. Isiqu siqinile impela kumakhowe amancane, angenalutho futhi anamafutha kokuvuthiwe.
Isigaxa esihlanganisiwe, esijiyile, esimhlophe maphakathi ne-orenji esiya ngasemaphethelweni sikhipha ujusi onobisi oluyi-carrot-orange ngombala, kepha ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa kuphenduka iwayini libe bomvu. Iphunga lejusi limnandi, linezithelo, amakhowe aluhlaza ababa kancane ngokunambitheka, kepha ayanyamalala ngesikhathi sokupheka.
Ujinja obomvu
Izithelo zezithelo zinama-convex caps ngengxenye emaphakathi ye-concave, efinyelela kububanzi obungu-4-7.5 cm.Ubuso bekhephu bushelelezi futhi bunamathele, futhi imiphetho igobile ibheke ezansi, noma ngabe ikhowe livuthwa. Umbala wekhephu lobisi lwesafron obomvu uvela kokuphinki kuya kolintshi, kwesinye isikhathi ube nezindawo ezimpunga noma eziluhlaza ngokumpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo yonakele khona.
Ama-gill avame ukutholakala ahlanganiswe ne-pedicle futhi ahlangana ngokufanele kuwo. Ziyi-burgundy ephaphathekile onqenqemeni ophaphathekile opinki.
Isiqu esiyindilinga singamasentimitha angu-2.0-3.5 ubude nangu-1-2 cm ubukhulu.Ubuso baso obushelelezi bunemibala kusuka ophuzi ophaphathekile ophuzi ngokukhanyayo ompunga ngokumpunga, kwesinye isikhathi kube nokugqobhoza okungajwayelekile kombala. Inyama isukela ekuqineni kuya ku-brittle. Emlenzeni, ithambile futhi ibomvana ngokugqamile. Ngaphansi kwe-cuticle yekepisi, kubomvu nsundu futhi kube bomvu ngombala ngenhla nje kwamagill.
Ukunambitheka kwamakhowe abomvu kusuka kokuthambile kuya komunyu kancane. Ayinalo iphunga elithile.
Ama-spores kusuka ku-spherical kuya ku-ellipsoidal, usayizi 7.9-9.5 x 8.0-8.8 µm. Inemihlobiso engaphezulu efinyelela ku-0.8 µm ukuphakama kanye ne-reticulum ecishe iphelele enokuqagela okubanzi okuyindilinga.
I-Basidia (amaseli we-spore) ayindilinga, anezinhlamvu ezine bese alinganisa u-50-70 x 9-11 µm.
Isihlahla sonwele saseJalimane
Usayizi wesigqoko sekhowe le-spruce usuka kumasentimitha ama-3 kuye kwayi-10, kuyaqabukela ufike kumasentimitha ayi-12 ububanzi, i-concave maphakathi futhi eyindilinga. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-cap i-convex, imiphetho ilukhuni kancane. Ukudangala okumise okwefaneli maphakathi nendawo kuba yisicaba. Ingaphezulu lekepisi libushelelezi, linamafutha esimweni sezulu esimanzi futhi liyacwebezela uma lomile. Umbala wayo usukela ku-tangerine kuya ku-orange-nsundu, umnyama futhi awufiphele emaphethelweni ansundu ophuzi. Umbala wezinhlobo ezindala noma ngemuva kokubandayo / isithwathwa ushintshela kokuluhlaza okotshani noma okuluhlaza okotshani.
I-lamellae eminyene, efana ne-arc enemiphetho ebushelelezi noma emincane ngisho kusuka ku-orange okhanyayo kuye ku-ocher ophaphathekile, okunamathiselwe ku-peduncle. Zi brittle futhi zixubene nama-gill amafushane angadluli ngokuphelele kusuka ku-cap edge kuya ku-peduncle futhi ngokwengxenye igatsha liseduze nesiqu. Kumakhowe amadala noma uma kwenzeka umonakalo, amabala avela kuqala abomvu amnyama bese kuba mpunga-luhlaza. Ukuphrinta kwe-spore kungumbala ophaphathekile.
Mude, umlenze oyindilinga, obomvu ngokusawolintshi, embozwe ngamabala. Ubude baso buvela ku-4 kuye ku-8, akuvamile ukuthi kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10, ububanzi busuka ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 sentimitha. Esisekelweni, umlenze uqina kancane futhi uyize ngaphakathi.
Ijusi lobisi ekuqaleni libomvu isanqante futhi lithatha umbala we-burgundy kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-30. Inyama entekenteke futhi ephaphathekile ephuzi ivame ukugcwala izibungu. Uma ikhowe le-spruce lisikiwe noma liphukile, liba bomvu okokuqala, bese kuba yi-burgundy, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa liluhlaza ngokungcolile. Umzimba unuka kamnandi njengephunga lezithelo, ekuqaleni unambitheka omncane, kepha bese ulinda kancane-ubabayo, ubabile noma uthinte okuthile.
Pine mushroom
Iphayikhowe likaphayini linesigqoko se-carrot-orange kusuka ku-convex kuya ku-vase-shaped, ikhula ngobudala futhi ithuthukise ukucindezeleka okuphakathi. Kuma-specimens amancane, igobile, ingu-4-14 cm ububanzi, ivamise ukukhombisa imigqa e-orenji emnyama noma amasongo agxilile ama-fibrils alula. Isigqoko sibushelelezi, sinamathele futhi sibukeka kahle lapho simanzi, imile ngokuvamile. Uma ilimele, ikepisi liba luhlaza.
Ukhunta unezikhala eziningi ezibuthakathaka. Behla phansi isiqu se-squat orange, esivame ukuba nomgodi ngaphakathi, ubude obuyi-3 kuye ku-8 cm no-1 kuye ku-2 cm ubukhulu, buqonde futhi buyi-cylindrical noma buthinta ngasisekelo. Umbala we-hymenophore ekuqaleni umhlophe, bese kukhanya oku-pink-orange, kumakhowe amadala kuba liwolintshi elimnyama. Uma konakele, imishayo iba luhlaza.
Umzimba wefungus uphenduka ube luhlaza okotshani uma wonakele. I-fresh pine mushroom ikhipha ijusi elibomvu eliwolintshi noma ubisi olungashintshi umbala.
Inyama yekepisi nemilenze yamakhowe asemasha ephayini ayakhrismula, ikhowe liphuka ngokugqashuka. Inyama imhlophe ngemigqa ebomvu esawolintshi kanye namabala lapho kukhiqizwa ijusi lobisi.
Iphunga lekhowe alicaci, ukunambitheka kuyakhipha kancane. Ayikho indandatho noma iveli. Izinhlamvu 8-11 × 7-9 µm, ezinamagquma aphindaphindiwe, axhunyiwe.
Amakhowe abukeka njengamakhowe (amanga)
Igagasi elipinki
Iluma kabi kunopelepele we-cayenne. Ukunambitheka okubabayo kwe-mushroom eluhlaza kuholela ekushayeni ngolimi. Abanye ababhali babika ukuthi lolu hlobo lunobuthi ngokuphelele noma lubangela "i-gastroenteritis elinganiselayo ibe yingozi". Ukukhishwa kuketshezi kanye nejusi ecindezelwe yemizimba yezithelo, lapho ijojowe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sexoxo, kuphazamisa ukuphefumula, kubangele ukukhubazeka futhi ekugcineni kufe.
Izimpawu ezivame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokudla amakhowe aluhlaza zifaka:
- isicanucanu;
- ukuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo esibi esiqala cishe ihora ngemuva kokusetshenziswa.
Le nhlanganisela iphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, iholela ezinkalweni zemisipha futhi iphazamise ukusakazeka komzimba. I-Gastroenteritis ixazululwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Yize kunemibiko yobuthi, i-mushroom ephinki iyalungiswa eFinland, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe asenyakatho nasempumalanga ye-Europe, ashubile, agcinwe emvuleni izinsuku ezimbalwa noma afakwe emanzini anosawoti futhi ayaziswa ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okunephunga. ENorway ayathoswa afakwa ekhofini.
Miller enkulu noma yamaphepha
Ikepisi li-concave-lizihlalele ngeshubhu elincane maphakathi nenyama eyinyama, cishe ububanzi obungu-9 cm Umbala wefungus ubunsundu ngokumpunga noma nsundu ngokunyama. Omakephuzi abaphuzi bezinhlobo ezivuthiwe sebomile. Umbala we-gill yi-beige elula, obomvu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isiqu simhlophe, singenalutho ngaphakathi, siyisigaxa, siyi-3.7 cm ubude, kumakhowe amadala sithola umbala wekepisi. I-pulp ayinaphunga, imhlophe, intekenteke, iminyene. Kumnyama uma konakele. Ubisi olumhlophe aluguquli umbala emoyeni, lunambitheka kamnandi, i-aftertaste ibaba kamunyu. Amakhowe obisi lwe-papillary omisiwe anuka okotshani obusha noma ukhukhunathi.
Ijusi elimuncu lobisi lithinta ukunambitheka kwesitsha, kepha alileli ikhowa elinoshevu. I-lactarius enkulu ifakwa emanzini izinsuku ezintathu ngokushintshwa kwamanzi kaningi, kufakwe usawoti kanye noketshezi.
I-pulp ayiyona engaphansi kwenani le-caloric enyameni, iqukethe i-fiber, amavithamini, amaprotheni, ama-macro nama-microelements. Umuntu usutha ngokushesha, isisindo somzimba sihlala singashintshiwe.
Ubisi olunephunga elimnandi
Ikhowe linokunambitheka okusha kwemithombo nephunga likakhukhunathi. Isigayo esinamakha, esidliwayo ngokujwayelekile. Ijusi elimhlophe elinobisi liyababa futhi line-acrid. Ifanele ukudla ngemuva kokufaka isikhathi eside emanzini abandayo nosawoti. Zibuye zidliwe zithosiwe kanye ne-russula noma i-podgruzdki. Lapho yomisiwe, i-milkweed enephunga elimnandi inobuthi.
Izivunguvungu eziqubuka njalo nezizacile zixhunywe emlenzeni, zinombala wenyama, kuthi lapho ziphukile kukhiphe ujusi omningi onobisi. Ikepisi lomzimba ompunga, elixegayo kuma-specimens amancane, lincane, ligobekile ngobudala, i-funnel iyajula maphakathi. Isikhumba somile futhi sishisiwe kancane.
Ubushelelezi, umlenze oxegayo ulula kancane ukwedlula ikepisi, cishe ukuphakama okulingana nobubanzi bekepisi, okuyize ngaphakathi. I-pulp enephunga likakhukhunathi imhlophe, iyabanda, ithenda, iyintsha, ishiya i-aftertaste ebabayo. Alilona ijusi elimhlophe eliningi elimhlophe alishintshi umbala emoyeni.
Lapho ikhowa likhula khona
Ngokwemvelo, amakhowe amaningi afana namakhowe. Lapho kunqunywa ukuthi kuyadliwa yini noma cha, indawo yokuqoqa iyabhekwa. Amakhowe wangempela akhula kuphela ngaphansi kwezihlahla zikaphayini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-mycelium okuvela kuyo amakhowe inamathiselwe kuphela ezimpandeni zikaphayini (izihlahla zase-Europe). Lezi zinhlobo zakha ukuxhumana kwe-mycorrhizal (symbiosis) nemithi yophayini efakiwe. Uma ubona okuthile ocabanga ukuthi kungamakhowe akhula lapho kungekho zihlahla zikaphayini khona-ke ungawakhethi noma uwadle lawa makhowe, ngoba angaba nobuthi.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa
Ama-gingerbreads akhula esimweni sezulu esibandayo futhi avame ukutholakala ekwindla. Abaqoqi bamakhowe baqoqa amakhowe kanye nesithwathwa lapho izihlahla sezivele zilahlekelwe amahlamvu futhi amakhowe acashe ngaphansi kwawo. Ngakho-ke, baphakamisa amahlamvu ngenduku, ngaphandle kwalokho amakhowe ngeke abonwe.
Izici ezizuzisayo
Ama-Ryzhiks afaniswa nemifino nezithelo kokuqukethwe kwama-multivitamin. Ziyadliwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbono, isikhumba nezinwele. Ama-amino acid abalulekile amakhowe angama-75-80% agayekayo. Ukwakheka kwama-mushroom ama-amino acid akungaphansi kunamaprotheni ezilwane. Abantu baphinde badle amakepisi obisi lwesafron amasha ukuze bathole ukunambitheka kwemvelo nezakhamzimba ngaphandle kokupheka.
Izimo
Kunokuphikisana okumbalwa. Izingxenye ezinkulu zezinkomishi zobisi lwesafron:
- imbangela ukuqunjelwa;
- imisipha yoma;
- ukunciphisa ithoni jikelele;
- kubhebhethekise i-cholecystitis ne-pancreatitis;
- ukwehlisa asidi wejusi esiswini;
- ngakunye akubekezeleleki.
Umkhiqizo awudliwanga ngemuva kokususwa kwe-gallbladder. Ama-Ryzhiks azolimaza uma edidaniswa namakhowe amanga afanayo ngaphandle. Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa:
- uhlanya;
- ubuthi obubulalayo.
UCamelina uqoqwa lapho beqonda izinhlobo zamakhowe.
Amakhowe amasha anama-khalori amancane, amakhowe anosawoti namakhemikhali afakwe emanzini anosawoti anomsoco. Abantu abanesisindo esiningi abelulekwa ukuba bapheke amakhowe aphekwe ku-brine noma i-marinade.
