Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, idumela eliyimfihlakalo, hhayi elihle kakhulu selilungisiwe lenyoni emnyama. Abantu abaningi basayihlobanisa lenyoni nento embi, engeyinhle. Kukholakala ukuthi uma inyoni emnyama Izimpukane eziya endlini noma ezihlala efasiteleni, khona-ke inkathazo izokwenzeka nakanjani emndenini. Kodwa-ke, lezi yizinsumansumane nje ezingenasisekelo ngaphansi kwazo. Eqinisweni, inyoni emnyama iyisilwane esihle kakhulu, esihlakaniphile futhi esihlakaniphe kakhulu. Akufanele umesabe. Kungcono ukujwayela imikhuba, indlela yokuphila kanye nezici ze-thrush eduze!
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Blackbird
Inyoni emnyama ingabizwa ngokuthi enye yezinkukhu ezinkulu kakhulu. Le nyoni ingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angamashumi amabili nesithupha, kanti isisindo sayo sisuka kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili kuye kwikhulu lamagremu angamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Kulula ukubona le enezimpaphe. Iningi labesilisa lipendwe ngombala omnyama ogqamile kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuncipha, ngakho-ke izinyoni ezimnyama kuyaqabukela zididaniswe namagwababa. Ama-thrushes amancane nezinsikazi anezimpaphe ezinsundu.
Ividiyo: IBlackbird
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi ama-albino atholakala phakathi kwezinyoni ezimnyama. Agqame kakhulu kwezinye izinyoni. Ama-Albino thrushes asanda kuqala ukukhuphula ubukhona bawo emadolobheni. Lokhu kube nomthelela omuhle kubukhulu besibalo sabantu. Uma endle izinyoni ezinjalo zinentshisekelo kubazingeli kuphela, ezimweni zasemadolobheni ziheha abantu bobulili obuhlukile.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi inyoni emnyama ingumculi omkhulu. Kepha ucula kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku - ekuphumeni kwelanga nasekushoneni kwalo. Izwi nemiculo yakhe kusikhumbuza kakhulu ukudlala umtshingo onomusa.
Ama-blackbirds ayizinhlobo zezinyoni ezimnyama. Bayingxenye yomndeni we-thrush, iqembu elikhulu labantu abadlulayo. Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingaphansi kwalezi zinyoni.
Okuvame kakhulu kungabonakala:
- m. merula Linnaeus. Lezi zinhlayiya zimelwe kakhulu eYurophu; yaphinde yangeniswa ngokukhethekile eNew Zealand nase-Australia. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngomlomo omncane kakhulu, umbala okhanyayo ogqamile endaweni yesifuba;
- m. Intermedius. Kutholakala endaweni yaseRussia, eTajikistan, e-Afghanistan naseChina. Izinyoni zinezimpaphe ezimnyama ezimnyama, imilomo emikhulu, ubukhulu obukhulu kunamanye ama-subspecies;
- m. mauretanicus Hartert. Lezi zinyoni ezimnyama zitholakala kuphela eChina.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: EYurophu, izinyoni ezimnyama zinobungane kakhulu. Bahlobanisa lezi zinyoni noSanta Kevin, odume ngenhliziyo yakhe enomusa. Uma ama-thrush anjalo ehlala kude nasekhaya, abaseYurophu babheka lokhu njengophawu oluhle kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni yeBlackbird
I-blackbird inezici zangaphandle ezihlukanisayo kwabanye abameleli bohlobo lwe-thrush:
- ukwakhiwa okukhulu kakhulu. Isisindo senyoni asikho ngaphansi kwamagremu ayisishiyagalombili, futhi ubude bufinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amabili nesithupha;
- amaphiko aqinile, amakhulu. Ubude bephiko obumaphakathi ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanye, kanti amaphiko okungenani angamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Izimpiko zinamandla amakhulu, okwenza izinyoni ezimnyama zikwazi ukundiza amabanga amade kalula. Izimpaphe zamaphiko zisongwa kancane ekugcineni, izimpaphe zifushane kakhulu;
- umbono omuhle. Amehlo we-thrushes atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda futhi anombono omuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuze zithole ukudla, izinyoni kufanele zigobise njalo amakhanda azo kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye;
- omfishane, omfushane oqinile. Umlomo wale nhlobo yezinyoni ezimnyama uvame ukuba mpunga noma ophuzi. Amakhala avulekile, kunezimpaphe eziqondayo ezizungeze umlomo. Izimpaphe ezinjalo ziyisici samalungu amaningi emindeni yawo;
- umbala we-subspecies yakudala yezinyoni ezimnyama umnyama futhi mpunga. Abesilisa bamnyama, abesifazane bampunga. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezihlukaniswa ngombala wezimpaphe ogqamile. Izinyoni ezimnyama zimhlophe, zinombala ophuzi, zinamachashazi;
- imilenze emifushane. Ezingxenyeni kukhona amapuleti ama-horny ahlanganisiwe. Naphezu kobuncane bayo, imilenze enezimpiko inamandla kakhulu futhi iyaqina;
- izwi elimnandi, elimnandi. Ekuseni nasekuseni, lezi zinyoni zicula imiculo emnandi. Izwi labo lifana nomtshingo. Ukukhala kwenyoni akumnandi neze. Kuzwakala njengokuqhekeka komile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inyoni emnyama iyisilwane esinamasosha omzimba aqinile kakhulu. Njengoba zisendle, lezi zinyoni cishe aziguli. Kuphela uma igcinwe ekhaya, inyoni ingaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene.
Uhlala kuphi umnyama omnyama?
Isithombe: Blackbird eRussia
Ama-thrushes angumndeni omkhulu ngokwanele futhi owandile. Abamele bayo bahlala emazweni asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Izindawo ezithile zokuhlala kwezinyoni zihlotshaniswa nezinhlobo zazo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-thrush lunezintandokazi zalo. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zinyoni liqondiswa umbandela owodwa lapho kukhethwa indawo - ukutholakala kwenani elanele lokudla. Uma kunezihlahla eziningi zamajikijolo nezithelo endaweni, khona-ke zilungele ukuhlala.
Inyoni emnyama ayihlukile. Le nyoni izikhethela izindawo ezinothe ngokudla. Abanye abameleli balezi zinhlobo zezinyoni bahola impilo yokuzulazula, bathuthele ezifundeni ezifudumele ebusika, abanye bahlala phansi. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinyoni ezimnyama litholakala eRussia, e-Ukraine naseYurophu. Izinyoni zihlala ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho zalezi zindawo.
Abantu abahlukene bezinyoni ezimnyama batholakala eNyakatho Afrika, e-Australia, eNew Zealand, eNdiya nase-Asia Minor. Izilwane zaziswa ngokungeyikho eNew Zealand nase-Australia. Kodwa-ke, bazivumelanisa ngokuphelele nezimo zezulu zala mazwe, futhi bakhuphula ubukhona babo ngokushesha lapho.
Phambilini, izinyoni ezimnyama zazincamela ukuhlala emahlathini kuphela. Impilo yabo yonke, bakhethe amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, aqinile, anamagquma anomhlabathi omanzi. Futhi, izidleke zitholakale emapaki anganakiwe, ambozwe yizingadi ezinkulu, ezikude kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili edlule, izinyoni ezimnyama zinezindawo ezinabantu abaningi, amadolobha kanye namadolobha amakhulu.
Idla ngani inyoni emnyama?
Isithombe: Blackbird esihlahleni
Izinyoni ezimnyama zingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izinyoni ezidla ezinye. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba baphile ebusika, lapho izibungu nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zingatholakali emvelweni. Ubumnandi obuthandwa kakhulu yizinyoni ezinje yizibungu zomhlaba. Ehlobo, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, izinyoni zichitha inani elikhulu emhlabathini, zifuna izimpethu. Lapho uzingela izikelemu, ama-thrushes athatha ukunakekelwa okufanele. Bahlala beqalaza, bahamba ngokuziphonsa. Uma kunengozi, inyoni emnyama inyukela phezulu emoyeni ngokushesha ishiye indawo engaphephile.
Izikelemu nazo ziyisisekelo sokudla kwama-thrushes amancane. Abazali bondla amaphuphu abo nabo. Ukudla okunjalo kwamaprotheni kusiza izilwane ezisencane ukuthi zithole isisindo esidingekayo ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze ziqine. Ekufuneni ukudla emhlabathini, ama-thrushes awaqapheleki, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi abe yizisulu zokuhlaselwa yizilwane. Izinyoni zifuna izimpethu ngomlomo wazo, kodwa ososayensi banesiqiniseko sokuthi lapho besesha basebenzisa nokuzwa kwabo okubukhali.
Ngaphezu kwezikelemu, okunye ukudla kufakiwe ekudleni kwalezi zilwane:
- amaxoxo, izibankwa, izinambuzane, iminenke, amacimbi. Lokhu kudla kunothe ngamaprotheni. Amaprotheni asiza isilwane ukuba siqine, ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi endizeni. Ukudla okunjalo kudlange ikakhulukazi ekudleni ngesikhathi sokukhwelana;
- amajikijolo, izithelo. Ehlobo, izinyoni ezimnyama azikuthandi ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo. Izinyoni zidla kuphela izithelo ezivuthiwe namajikijolo;
- imbewu. Uma kungekho zibungu noma amajikijolo, izinyoni zingadla imbewu yezitshalo nezihlahla ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: IBlackbird kungenzeka ingaphuzi nhlobo amanzi. Isilwane sithola lonke uketshezi oludingekayo nokudla. Ngezikhathi zesomiso esikhulu, lezi zinyoni zizama ukudla amacimbi amaningi, onoshobishobi, izintwala eziluhlaza okotshani. Ukudla okunjalo kuqukethe uketshezi oluningi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Blackbird
Umlando wobukhona bezinyoni ezimnyama ubuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka edlule. Izinsalela eziningi zitholakele phakathi kwezilwandle i-Atlantic nePacific. Ososayensi abaningi bachaza umbala omnyama okhanyayo we-thrushes ngokunembile ngendawo yezinyoni zasendulo. Umbala omnyama uqoqela kahle ukushisa ezindaweni eziphakeme phakathi kwezikhukhula zeqhwa. Kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indawo yokuhlala yalezi zilwane yaqala ukushintsha. Kuqala emahlathini, bese kuba semadolobheni.
Lezi zinyoni zichitha iningi lempilo yazo ezingadini, emahlathini nasezihlahleni. Bakhetha izindawo ezinomswakama, inhlabathi emnyama. Kunemisundu eminingi emhlabathini onjalo, futhi ngemuva kwawo ama-thrushes awabonakali kwabanye. Edolobheni, izinyoni ezimnyama zivame ukutholakala emapaki, eduze nezindlu, ama-feeder. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi nezinye izinyoni.
Indlela yokuphila yezinyoni ezimnyama ngokuyinhloko iyimizulane. Uma kubanda, lezi zinyoni ziya emazweni afudumele, ezifundeni. Noma kunjalo, kukhona namaphakethe wokuhlala phansi. Ambalwa amalungu abo asinda. Izinyoni zivame ukufa ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ukungabi nokudla. Kepha, ngemuva kokubekezelela ubusika obunzima, ama-thrushes aqala ukuzala kakhulu. Ngokumelene nesizinda sengcindezi, bangahlehlisa ukuhlangana okungangesizini eyodwa ngesizini eyodwa.
Uhlobo lwezinyoni ezimnyama alunakubizwa ngobungani. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyoni azikhombisi ulaka uma zingenzi lutho. Zingahlasela kuphela lapho zivikela ikhaya lazo, ukudla, insikazi noma inzalo. Ama-thrushes ayevame ukufuywa. Inqubo yokufuya kwabo inzima, kepha ingokoqobo impela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoni yeBlackbird
Isidleke samarokhi ngenyanga kaFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ezifudukayo zibuyele emakhaya, futhi ezihleli phansi ziqala ukukhombisa ulaka kubantu ezingabazi, zivikela ngolaka imingcele yempahla yazo. Rooks bazifunela izithandani impilo yabo yonke, kuyaqabukela lapho beshintsha abalingani babo. Okuwukuphela kokufa kwesilwane. Izinyoni ezifudukayo zivame ukubuyela ezidlekeni zonyaka odlule. Ukukhula okuncane kuqala ukwakha isidleke esisha.
Ngaphandle, isidleke esiphelile se-blackbird sifana nenkomishi enkulu. Iqukethe izingqimba ezimbili: zangaphakathi, zangaphandle. Isendlalelo sangaphandle sakhiwa izinyoni ezivela emagatsheni, emaqabungeni, ebeleni. Isendlalelo sangaphakathi siqukethe uthuli lwokhuni, ubumba. Izidleke zivame ukuba zincane. Ukuphakama afinyelela amasentimitha ayisishiyagalolunye, futhi ububanzi - amasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Izinyoni ezimnyama zibeka izidleke zazo ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Imvamisa kuba ngamamitha ayisishiyagalombili. Lezi zinyoni zakha izindlu kuma-lindens, ama-birches, ama-spruces, amaphayini. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala phansi noma phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izinyoni ezimnyama zanamuhla zinesibindi esihle. Labo bantu abahlala emadolobheni abesabi ukubeka izidleke zabo eduze kwabantu. Kwesinye isikhathi bazakha ngqo kuvulandi noma emibhedeni yezimbali.
Lapho isidleke sesikulungele ukungena, i-thrush yesifazane ibeka amaqanda ngokushesha. Ku-clutch eyodwa kungaba namaqanda afinyelela kwayisithupha, kepha umlando uyazi amacala enzalo eningi kakhulu. Amaqanda angamasentimitha amathathu ubude. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amaphuphu isikhathi esithile agcinwa ngokuphelele ngabazali bawo. Abantu abadala bondla inzalo yabo ngemisundu. NgoJuni, izilwane ezincane ziqala ukushiya ikhaya labazali bazo.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoni ezimnyama
Isithombe: Blackbird eRussia
Izinyoni ezimnyama ziyizinyoni ezinesibindi, zihlala zikulungele ukushesha ukuvikela indawo yazo, amaphuphu noma insikazi. Bayakwazi ukuzivikela kumhlaseli ngamaphiko abo nangomlomo. Bahlasela ngokoqobo isitha esingaba khona, esabisa umenzi wobubi. Ezimweni eziningi, umhlaseli, ngemuva kwempendulo enjalo enobudlova yokuzivikela, ushesha ashiye indawo lapho kuhlala khona inyoni emnyama.
Uma ingozi isongela ngqo isidleke, izinyoni ezimnyama ziyakwazi ukuphambukisa ukunaka kwezilwane zizenzele zona. Benza sengathi bayagula, bayenge umhlaseli kude nenzalo yabo. Obani abavame ukuhlasela izinyoni ezimnyama nezidleke zazo?
Kukhona izitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu:
- Amagwababa kanye nabagawuli bezinkuni. Amagwababa makhulu kunezinyoni ezimnyama, futhi entshontsha amaqanda. Izinkuni eziqothula izinkuni zonakalisa izidleke lapho abazali bazo bengekho eduze;
- izikhova, oklebe, izikhova zokhozi. Lezi zinyoni ezidlayo azikwazi ukuhlasela isidleke kuphela, kodwa futhi nomuntu omdala. Banekhono ekusebenzelaneni nezinyoni ezimnyama ezincane;
- amaprotheni. Lezi zilwane ezinhle nezifudumele nazo zivame ukuhlasela izindlu ze-thrushes, zintshontshe inzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa-ke, iphrotheni livame ukuxoshwa ngabazali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuningi;
- izimpungushe, abafowethu. Lezi zilwane ezidla abantu abadala noma izingane. Bazama ukuzibamba ngesikhathi sokudla, lapho izinyoni zimatasa zibheka izikelemu emhlabeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni yeBlackbird
Izinyoni ezimnyama zingabizwa ngokuthi zinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zomndeni. Ziyizinyoni eziqinile, ezinamandla, nezicebile. Azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zisengozini, kepha lolu hlobo alunakuziqhenya ngokuzinza kwabantu balo. Inani lezinyoni ezindaweni ezithile belilokhu lishintsha njalo. Ubukhulu besibalo sabo buxhomeke ezicini eziningana: ukutholakala kwezinsizakusebenza zempilo, izimo zezulu. Eziningi zalezi zilwane ziyafa, zihlala ebusika ezindaweni ezibandayo. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni eziningi ezimnyama ziyafa ngesikhathi sezindiza ezinde ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Futhi, izimo ezijwayelekile zemvelo emhlabeni zithinta ukwehla kwenani labantu abamnyama. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, inhlabathi engcolisiwe, nezingadi ezimbalwa zezithelo ezinamajikijolo nezithelo kuncisha izilwane amakhaya nokudla ukuze ziphile. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokwehla kwabantu be-thrush alinakubizwa ngokuthi liyesabisa. Lezi zinyoni zivundile impela futhi zinikeza inzalo eminingi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuze kube yimanje, izinyoni ezimnyama seziklonyeliswe ngesimo sokongiwa kwemvelo: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokuphila kwenyoni emnyama emvelweni asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka emine. Kodwa-ke, amandla ezilwane makhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma igcinwe e-zoo noma ekhaya, inyoni ingaphila iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Umnyama omnyama - onezimpaphe ezingaqondakali, eziyimfihlakalo ngokubukeka okucacile. Ziyizinyoni ezihlakaniphile, ezisheshayo futhi ezinesibindi ezihlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. Ukushaywa kwalezi zinhlobo kukhulu ngosayizi, ukuzala okuphezulu. Inani labo labantu lizinzile namuhla, kwezinye izindawo izinyoni ezimnyama zihlala emakoloni amakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 41
