Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, inyamazane yesika yayisengcupheni yokuqothulwa; kwasala abambalwa kuphela kwenala yangaphambili yabantu balezi zinhlobo. Izici ezinkulu ezaba nomthelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezinyamazane ze-sika zifaka phakathi: ukubulala isilwane ukuze uthole inyama, isikhumba, izimpondo noma izimo zokuphila ezingezinhle (ukuntuleka kokudla). Ekuqothulweni kwalezi zinhlobo, hhayi kuphela abantu ababambe iqhaza, kodwa nezilwane ezidlayo.
Incazelo
Izinyamazane zakwaSika zingezohlobo lwe-Real Deer, okungolomndeni wezinyamazane. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyamazane zihlukaniswa ngomthethosisekelo omuhle womzimba, ubuhle bayo buvezwa lapho bufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala emi-3, lapho abesilisa nabesifazane befinyelela ukuphakama kwabo kokugcina nesisindo esifanayo.
Esikhathini sehlobo, umbala wabo bobabili ubulili ucishe ufane, umbala obomvu onamachashazi amhlophe ngendlela yamachashazi. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, uboya besilisa buba mnyama futhi buthola umbala onsundu womnqumo, kanti abesifazane baba mpunga ngokukhanyayo. Abesilisa abadala bangafika ku-1.6-1.8 wamamitha ubude no-0.95-1.12 wamamitha ukuphakama lapho kubuna. Isisindo sezinyamazane ezindala singama-75-130 kilograms. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Ukuziqhenya okuyinhloko nempahla yowesilisa yizimpondo ezicijile ezine, ubude bazo bungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-65-79, ngombala onsundu.
Umbala wommeleli ngamunye walezi zinhlobo ungafani futhi ungaba lula noma ube mnyama ngamathoni amaningana. Embundwini wezinyamazane, umbala unemithunzi eminingana emnyama, futhi ezingalweni kukhanya kakhulu futhi kukhulu kakhulu. Umzimba wesilwane unamachashazi asendaweni, amakhulu esiswini, futhi amancane kakhulu ngemuva. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala amhlophe enza imivimbo, ijazi lingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-7.
Incwadi Ebomvu
Izinyamazane ze-Ussuri sika zingezinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile futhi zibhalwe kuRed Book. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo yingxenye eseningizimu yeChina, kanye nasePrimorsky Territory eRussia. Inani eliphelele labantu alidluli amakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezi-3.
IRed Book ngumbhalo osemthethweni osemthethweni; uqukethe uhlu lwezilwane nezitshalo ezisengozini noma ezisengozini. Izilwane ezinjalo zidinga ukuvikelwa. Izwe ngalinye linohlu olubomvu, kwezinye izimo, isifunda noma isifunda esithile.
Ngekhulu lama-20, inyamazane yesika nayo yafakwa ohlwini lweRed Book. Ukuzingelwa kwalolu hlobo akuvumelekile, uma kwenzeka kubulawa inyamazane yeSika, kuzobe kuzingela ngokungemthetho futhi kujeziswa ngumthetho.
ERussia, izinyamazane zase-Ussuri zibuyisela izinombolo zayo endaweni yaseLazovsky, kanye naseVasilkovsky reserve. Ngekhulu lama-21, bekukwazi ukufeza ukuzinza nokwanda kwenani lalezi zinhlobo.
Sika impilo yenyamazana
Izilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezingazodwana. AmaLoners ancamela ukudla emadlelweni amahektha ayi-100-200, owesilisa one-harem udinga amahektha angama-400, kanti umhlambi wamakhanda angaphezu kwayi-15 udinga cishe amahektha angama-900. Lapho isikhathi sokugaya siphela, abesilisa abadala bakha amaqembu amancane. Umhlambi ungaqukatha abancane bobulili obuhlukile, abangakafiki eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Isibalo somhlambi sikhula size sifike ebusika, ikakhulukazi uma unyaka ubulungele ukuvunwa.
Abesilisa asebefinyelele eminyakeni yobudala engama-3-4 babamba iqhaza emidlalweni yokukhwelana; bangaba nezinduna zezinsikazi ezifika kwezine. Eziqiwini zemvelo, owesilisa oqinile angakwazi ukumboza abesifazane abayishumi kuya kwabangu-20. Ukulwa kwabesilisa abadala akuvamile. Insikazi izala inzalo izinyanga eziyi-7.5, ukuzala kuyawa ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ehlobo, inyamazane yeSika iphakela ubusuku nemini, futhi iyasebenza nangezinsuku ezicacile ebusika. Ngesikhathi sezulu esingesihle, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi seqhwa, izinyamazane zikhetha ukulala emahlathini aminyene.
Lapho kungekho iqhwa, umuntu omdala uyakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha okwanele, anqobe kalula izithiyo eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.7. Ukuhamba kwesithwathwa kubambezela ukuhamba kwezilwane, kubangele ukuthi zihambe kancane futhi kudale izinkinga ekutholeni ukudla.
Izinyamazane zeSika zingaqhuba ukufuduka kwesizini. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyamazane endle asidluli eminyakeni eyi-15. Nciphisa izimpilo zabo: izifo, indlala, izilwane ezidla ezinye, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Eziqiwini zemvelo, ama-zoo, izinyamazane ze-sika zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-21.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Ngekhulu le-19, inyamazane yesika yayihlala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, eNyakatho neVietnam, eJapan naseKorea. Namuhla lolu hlobo luhlala ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga ye-Asia, eNew Zealand naseRussia.
Ngo-1940, inyamazane yesika yahlaliswa eziqiwini ezilandelayo:
- Ilmensky;
- Khopersky;
- IsiMordovia;
- IBuzuluk;
- Oksky;
- UTebedinsky.
Izinyamazane zeSika zikhetha imithambeka eseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yemifula engasogwini, lapho iqhwa lilele khona isikhashana ebusika. Abancane nabesifazane bathanda ukuhlala eduze nolwandle noma ukwehla emthambekeni.
Okudlayo
Lolu hlobo lwenyamazane ludla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo, okukhona kuzo izinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-400. E-Primorye nase-East Asia, ama-70% wokudla izihlahla nezihlahlana. Inyamazane yeSika isebenzisa njengokuphakelayo:
- i-oki, okungukuthi ama-acorn, amaqabunga, amaqabunga, amahlumela;
- i-linden ne-Amur amagilebhisi;
- umlotha, i-walnut yaseManchurian;
- imephu, i-elm nama-sedges.
Isilwane sisebenzisa amagxolo ezihlahla ukudla kusukela maphakathi nobusika, lapho izingqimba ezinkulu zomhlaba zimbozwe yiqhwa, futhi amagatsha e-alder, willow ne-bird cherry awanganakwa. Abavamile ukuphuza amanzi olwandle.
