Uhlobo lweNyakatho Melika lucebe ikakhulukazi futhi lwehlukene. Leli qiniso lichazwa iqiniso lokuthi leli zwekazi litholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu (okuwukuphela kwento engenye yenkabazwe).
Izinhlobo zamahlathi ezifunda
INyakatho Melika iqukethe i-17% lehlathi lomhlaba elinezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-900 zomndeni ohlukene wama-260.
EMpumalanga ye-United States, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi-hickory oak (isihlahla somndeni wama-walnut). Kuthiwa ngesikhathi amakholoni okuqala aseYurophu ebhekisa entshonalanga, bathola amathafa e-oki aminyene kangangokuthi babekwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kommese omkhulu wokhuni izinsuku, bengaboni esibhakabhakeni. Amahlathi amakhulu e-swamp-pine asuka ogwini lwaseVirginia oluseningizimu kuya eFlorida naseTexas ngaphesheya kweGulf of Mexico.
Uhlangothi olusentshonalanga lunothe ngezinhlobo ezingavamile zamahlathi, lapho kusatholakala izitshalo ezinkulu. Imithambeka eyomile yezintaba iyikhaya lamaxhaphozi e-chaparral ezihlahla zePalo Verde, ama-yucca nezinye izinto eziyivelakancane eNyakatho Melika. Uhlobo oluphambili, noma kunjalo, luxubekile futhi luyisihlanganisi, oluqukethe i-spruce, mahogany ne-fir. IDouglas fir nePanderos pine imi ngokulandelayo ngokwanda.
Ama-30% awo wonke amahlathi abolayo emhlabeni aseCanada futhi ahlanganisa indawo engama-60%. Lapha ungathola i-spruce, i-larch, i-pine emhlophe nebomvu.
Izimila ezifanele ukunakwa
I-Maple ebomvu noma (i-Acer rubrum)
I-maple ebomvu isihlahla esichichima kakhulu eNyakatho Melika futhi sihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi empumalanga ye-United States.
Iphayini lempepho noma iPinus taeda - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lukaphayini engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwekazi.
Isihlahla se-Ambergris (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Ingenye yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinolaka kakhulu futhi ikhula ngokushesha ezindaweni ezishiyiwe. Njenge-maple elibomvu, uzokhula kamnandi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimo, kufaka phakathi amaxhaphozi, amagquma awomile, namagquma agudlukayo. Kwesinye isikhathi itshalwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ngenxa yezithelo zayo ezikhangayo.
UDouglas fir noma (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
Lesi sihlahla sonwele sase-spruce eside eNorth America entshonalanga mude kuphela kune-mahogany. Ingakhula ezindaweni zombili ezimanzi nezomile futhi imboza imithambeka engasogwini nezintaba kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-3500 m.
I-Poplar aspen noma (Populus tremuloides)
Yize i-aspen poplar ingadluli ibalazwe elibomvu, iPopulus tremuloides iyisihlahla esichichima kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, esihlanganisa yonke ingxenye esenyakatho yezwekazi. Ibizwa futhi ngokuthi "itshe legumbi" ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo emvelweni.
Ushukela Maple (Acer saccharum)
I-Acer saccharum ibizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi" yombukiso wezentengiselwano wasekwindla waseNyakatho Melika. Ukuma kwaso seqabunga kuwuphawu lweDominion of Canada, kanti isihlahla siyisisekelo somkhakha wesiraphu wasenyakatho-mpumalanga.
Ibhalsamu fir (Abies balsamea)
I-balsam fir isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza somndeni kaphayini. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezisabalele kakhulu zehlathi lesibungu laseCanada.
Izimbali ze-dogwood (Cornus florida)
Ukuqhakaza i-dogwood kungenye yezinhlobo ezijwayeleke kakhulu ozozibona emahlathini aqandayo nangama-coniferous empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Futhi singesinye sezihlahla ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Iphayini elisontekile (i-Pinus contorta)
Iphayini elisontekile elibanzi elibanzi liyisihlahla noma isihlahlana somndeni kaphayini. Endle, itholakala entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukutholakala ezintabeni kuze kufike ku-3300 m ukuphakama.
I-oki elimhlophe (iQuercus alba)
I-Quercus alba ingakhula kokubili enhlabathini evundile nasemithambekeni emincane enamadwala ezintabeni. I-oki elimhlophe litholakala emahlathini asogwini nasezihlathini ezisendaweni esenkabeni yasentshonalanga.
Izihlahla eziyinhloko ezihlala endaweni ehlathini elipholile yilezi: ubhontshisi, izihlahla zezindiza, ama-oki, ama-aspen kanye nezihlahla zama-walnut. Izihlahla zeLinden, ama-chestnut, ama-birches, ama-elms nezihlahla ze-tulip nazo zimelwe kabanzi.
Ngokungafani nezindawo ezisenyakatho nezishubile, izindawo ezishisayo nezingaphansi komhlaba zigcwele imibala ehlukahlukene.
Izitshalo zamahlathi emvula
Amahlathi emvula emhlabeni ayikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-40,000 ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Amazon kuphela! Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama sihlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele zokuphila. Sikhethe izitshalo ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezingajwayelekile, ngokombono wethu, sizijwayele.
Ama-Epiphyte
Ama-Epiphyte yizitshalo ezihlala kwezinye izitshalo. Azinampande emhlabathini futhi zenze amasu ahlukene okuthola amanzi nezakhamzimba. Kwesinye isikhathi isihlahla esisodwa singaba yikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zama-epiphyte, sisonke sisindana samathani. Ama-Epiphyte aze akhule nakwamanye ama-epiphyte!
Izitshalo eziningi ezisohlwini lwamahlathi emvula zingama-epiphyte.
Ama-epiphyte bromeliad
Ama-epiphyte ajwayelekile kakhulu angama-bromeliads. Ama-bromeliads yizitshalo eziqhakazayo ezinamaqabunga amade ku-rosette. Banamathela esihlahleni esibanjelwe ngokusonga izimpande zabo emagatsheni. Amaqabunga awo adlulisela amanzi engxenyeni emaphakathi yesitshalo, akhe uhlobo lwesiziba. Isiziba se-bromilium uqobo siyindawo yokuhlala. Amanzi awasetshenziselwa izitshalo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane eziningi ezisehlathini lemvula. Izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ziphuza kuwo. Onoshobishobi bamila lapho nezinambuzane zizalela amaqanda
Ama-orchid
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-orchid ezitholakala emahlathini emvula. Amanye awo angama-epiphyte. Abanye banezimpande eziguqulwe ngokukhethekile ezibavumela ukuba bathathe amanzi nezakhamzimba emoyeni. Ezinye zinezimpande ezingena egatsheni lesihlahla, zibambe amanzi ngaphandle kokucwila emhlabathini.
Isundu se-Acai (Euterpe oleracea)
I-Acai ibhekwa njengesihlahla esichichima kakhulu ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kusabalwa kuphela u-1% (5 billion) wezihlahla eziyizigidigidi ezingama-390 esifundeni. Izithelo zayo ziyadliwa.
Isundu iCarnauba (iCopernicia prunifera)
Lesi sundu saseBrazil saziwa nangokuthi "umuthi wokuphila" ngoba sinokusetshenziswa okuningi. Izithelo zayo ziyadliwa kuthi izinkuni zisetshenziswe ekwakheni. Yaziwa njengomthombo we "carnauba wax", ekhishwa emaqabungeni esihlahla.
I-Carnauba wax isetshenziswa kuma-lacquers ezimoto, izindebe zomlomo, insipho neminye imikhiqizo eminingi. Baze bakugcobe nasemabhodini okushibilika ukuthola i-glide ephezulu!
Isundu iRattan
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-600 zezihlahla ze-rattan. Zikhula emahlathini ase-Afrika, e-Asia nase-Australia. Ama-Rotan yimivini engakwazi ukuzikhulisela yodwa. Esikhundleni salokho, baphotha bezungeza ezinye izihlahla. Ameva abamba ngeziqu awanika ithuba lokugibela ezinye izihlahla ziye elangeni. Ama-Rotan aqoqwa futhi asetshenziswa ekwakheni ifenisha.
Isihlahla senjoloba (Hevea brasiliensis)
Sitholwe okokuqala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Amazonia, isihlahla senjoloba manje sesitshalwa ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Amanzi akhishwa amagxolo esihlahla avunwa enze injoloba, esebenzisa izinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi amathayi ezimoto, amapayipi, amabhande nezingubo.
Kunezihlahla zenjoloba ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.9 ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon.
Bougainvillea
IBougainvillea iyisitshalo samahlathi emvula esihlala siluhlaza. AmaBougainvilleas aziwa kakhulu ngamaqabunga awo amahle anjengembali akhula azungeze imbali yangempela. Lezi zihlahlana ezinameva zikhula njengezivini.
I-Sequoia (umuthi omkhulu)
Asikwazanga ukudlula esihlahleni esikhulu kunazo zonke :) Banekhono eliyingqayizivele lokufinyelela osayizi abangahle. Lesi sihlahla sinobubanzi besiqu samamitha okungenani ayi-11, ukuphakama kwaso kumangalisa nje wonke umuntu - amamitha angama-83. Le "sequoia" "ihlala" e-US National Park futhi inegama layo, igama elihehayo kakhulu "General Sherman". Kuyaziwa: lesi sitshalo sesifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala "ebucayi" namuhla - iminyaka engama-2200. Kodwa-ke, leli akulona ilungu "elidala" kulo mndeni. Noma kunjalo, lo akuwona umkhawulo. Kukhona futhi "isihlobo" esikhulile - igama lakhe ngu "Nkulunkulu Ongunaphakade", iminyaka yakhe ineminyaka engu-12,000 ubudala. Lezi zihlahla zinzima ngendlela emangalisayo, ezinesisindo esifinyelela kumathani ayi-2500.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini yokuqothuka eNyakatho Melika
AmaConifers
I-Cupressus abramsiana (i-cypress yaseCalifornia)
Izinhlobo ezivamile zezihlahla zaseNyakatho Melika emndenini we-cypress. Kuvame kakhulu ezintabeni zaseSanta Cruz naseSan Mateo entshonalanga yeCalifornia.
I-Fitzroya (Patagonian cypress)
Luhlobo lwe-monotypic emndenini we-cypress. I-ephedra ende, ehlala isikhathi eside edabuka emahlathini emvula aphakathi nendawo.
I-Torreya taxifolia (Torreya yew-leaved)
Ngokujwayelekile kwaziwa njengeFlorida nutmeg, kungumuthi ongavamile futhi osengozini yomndeni weYew otholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, ngasemngceleni wesifundazwe enyakatho yeFlorida naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGeorgia.
Amafeni
I-Adiantum vivesii
Uhlobo olungajwayelekile lweMaidenach fern, eyaziwa ngokuhlanganyela njengePuerto Rico Maidenah.
I-Ctenitis squamigera
Ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Pacific lacefern noma i-Pauoa, iyi-fern esengozini etholakala kuphela eziqhingini zaseHawaii. Ngo-2003, kwahlala okungenani izitshalo eziyi-183, zahlukaniswa phakathi kwabantu abangama-23. Abantu abaningi banesitshalo esisodwa kuya kwezine kuphela.
IDiplazium molokaiense
I-fern engajwayelekile eyaziwa ngokuhlanganyela njenge-Molokai twinsorus fern. Ngokomlando, yatholakala eziqhingini zaseKauai, Oahu, Lanai, Molokai naseMaui, kepha namuhla zingatholakala eMaui, lapho kuhlala khona izitshalo ezingaphansi kwezingu-70. I-fern yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni njengezinhlobo ezisengozini e-United States ngo-1994.
Izinyoka ze-Elaphoglossum
I-fern engavamile ekhula kuphela eCerro de Punta, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke ePuerto Rico. I-fern ikhula endaweni eyodwa, lapho kunezinhlobo ezingama-22 ezaziwa yisayensi. Ngo-1993, yabalwa njengoHerb osengozini yase-United States.
Isoetes melanospora
Ngokujwayelekile kwaziwa njenge-tortoiseshell enesilonda esimnyama noma imifino emnyama yaseMerlin, kuyisifo esingavamile futhi esisengozini yasemanzini i-pteridophyte egcwele izifundazwe zaseJordia naseNingizimu Carolina. Ikhuliswa kuphela emachibini esikhashana angajulile kuma-granite outcrops ane-2 cm yenhlabathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunabantu abangu-11 eGeorgia, kanti munye kuphela kubo orekhodwe eSouth Carolina, yize kubhekwa njengokuqedwa.
Ubulembu
I-Cladonia perforata
Izinhlobo zokuqala ezinamachaphazelo ezobhaliswa ngokusemthethweni njengoba zisengozini e-United States ngo-1993.
Umugqa weGymnoderma
Kwenzeka kuphela ezinkungwini ezivamile noma ezihosheni zemifula ezijulile. Ngenxa yezidingo zayo ezithile zokuhlala nokuqoqwa okusindayo ngezinjongo zesayensi, yafakwa ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini kusukela ngoJanuwari 18, 1995.
Izitshalo eziqhakazayo
Abronia macrocarpa
I-Abronia macrocarpa iyisitshalo sezimbali esingandile esaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi "isithelo esikhulu" se-verbena yesihlabathi. Izwe lakubo lisempumalanga yeTexas. Ihlala ezindundumeni ezinesihlabathi ezivulekile, ezivulekile zama-savanna akhula enhlabathini ejulile, empofu. Yaqoqwa okokuqala ngo-1968 futhi yachazwa njengezinhlobo ezintsha ngo-1972.
I-Aeschynomene virginica
Isitshalo sezimbali esingajwayelekile emndenini we-legume esaziwa ngokuhlanganyela njenge-Virginia jointvetch. Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezincane ezisogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States. Sekukonke, kunezitshalo ezingaba ngu-7 500. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunciphise inani lezindawo lapho isitshalo singahlala khona;
I-Euphorbia herbstii
Isitshalo esiqhakazayo somndeni wakwa-Euphor, esaziwa ngokuhlanganyela njenge-sandmat kaHerbst. Njengamanye ama-Euphors aseHawaii, lesi sitshalo saziwa endaweni ngokuthi 'i-akoko.
U-Eugenia woodburyana
Kuyizinhlobo zezitshalo zomndeni wemmirtile. Sihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esikhula size sifike kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama. Inamaqabunga e-oval shaggy afika ku-2 cm ubude no-1.5 cm ububanzi, atholakala ebhekene. I-inflorescence iyiqoqo lezimbali ezimhlophe ezifika kwezinhlanu. Isithelo siyibheri ebomvu enamaphiko ayisishiyagalombili efinyelela kumasentimitha ama-2 ubude.
Uhlu oluphelele lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini yokuqothuka eNyakatho Melika lubanzi kakhulu. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi iningi lezimbali lifa kuphela ngenxa yesici se-anthropogenic esonakalisa indawo yazo yokuhlala.
