Izinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zomhlaba zigxile endaweni yomhlaba wethu, zihlukile komunye nomunye kwisimo sezulu, indawo, inhlabathi, amanzi nezilwane. AmaSteppes namahlathi asemahlathini aphakathi kwezindawo zemvelo ezisakazeke kakhulu. Lezi ziza zomhlaba zinokufana okuthile futhi zicishe zakhiwe ngokuphelele ngumuntu. Njengomthetho, izakhiwo ze-landscape zitholakala endaweni yezindawo zamahlathi kanye namahlane amancane.
Izici ze-steppe
I-steppe iqondwa njengendawo yemvelo esakazeke kakhulu emabhandeni anjenge-tempire ne-subtropical. Isici sale ndawo ukungabi bikho kwezihlahla. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezulu se-landscape complex. Kunemvula encane emaqeleni (cishe ama-250-500 mm ngonyaka), okwenza kube nzima ukukhula okugcwele kwezimila ezinokhuni. Ezimweni eziningi, izindawo zemvelo zitholakala ngaphakathi kwamazwekazi.
Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwamathafa abe yi: mountain, saz, true, meadow kanye nehlane. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezindawo zemvelo litholakala e-Australia, eNingizimu Melika, eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNingizimu Siberia.
Umhlabathi we-steppe ubhekwa njengenye evundile kakhulu. Okokuqala, limelelwa inhlabathi emnyama. Ububi bale ndawo (bamabhizinisi ezolimo) ukungabi bikho komswakama nokungakwazi ukuzibandakanya kwezolimo ebusika.
Izici zehlathi-asemaqeleni
I-steppe-steppe iqondwa njengendawo yemvelo ehlanganisa ngobuciko ingxenye yehlathi ne-steppe. Kuyinkimbinkimbi yesikhashana lapho kutholakala khona amahlathi abanzi namakhasi amancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunama-steppes angavunyelwe ezindaweni ezinjalo. Njengomthetho, i-steppe-steppe itholakala endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile nesifudumele. Zitholakala e-Eurasia, e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.
Umhlabathi osemahlathini ubuye ubhekwe njengomunye womhlaba ovundile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iqukethe inhlabathi emnyama nama-humus. Ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu yenhlabathi nokuzala kwayo, iningi lezakhiwo ze-landscape zingaphansi kwethonya elinamandla le-anthropogenic. Isikhathi eside i-steppe-steppe isetshenziselwe ezolimo.
Isimo sezulu nenhlabathi ezindaweni zemvelo
Njengoba ama-steppes namahlathi asemahlathini asendaweni efanayo yesimo sezulu, anezimo zezulu ezifanayo. Kulezi zifunda, kuba nesimo sezulu esifudumele futhi kwesinye isikhathi esishisayo nesomile.
Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya emaqeleni asemahlathini lisuka ku- +22 kuye ku- + 30 degrees. Izindawo zemvelo zibonakaliswa ukuhwamuka okuphezulu. Imvula emaphakathi ingu-400-600 mm ngonyaka. Kuyenzeka ukuthi kwezinye izikhathi izindawo ezingamahlathi asemahlathini zibekezelele isomiso esibi. Ngenxa yalokho, imimoya eyomile yenzeka ezifundeni - ingxube yemimoya eshisayo neyomile. Lesi simo sinomthelela omubi ku-flora, singasula zonke izinto eziphilayo empandeni.
I-steppe ibonakala ngesimo sezulu esihlukile - ngokungafani. Izici eziyinhloko zezimo zezulu kulesi sifunda yilezi: inani elincane lemvula (250-500 mm ngonyaka), ukushisa okukhulu, ukubanda okubandayo kanye neqhwa ebusika. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya lisuka kuma-23 liye +33 degrees. Izindawo zomhlaba zibonakala ngemimoya eyomile, isomiso kanye neziphepho zothuli.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esomile, imifula namachibi asemaqeleni nasemahlathini asezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ayoma ngenxa yesimo sezulu esomile. Kunzima kakhulu ukufika emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, alala ajule ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi kulezi zifunda isezingeni eliphakeme. Umkhathi we-humus kwezinye izindawo ufinyelela ukuphakama kwemitha elilodwa. Ngenxa yemvula ephansi, izimila ziyafa futhi zibole ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho ikhwalithi yenhlabathi iyathuthuka. I-steppe idume ngomhlabathi wayo we-chestnut, kanti i-steppe yehlathi idume ngehlathi layo elimpunga nenhlabathi emnyama.
Kepha noma ngabe inhlabathi injani kulezi zifunda, iyawohloka kakhulu ngenxa yokuguguleka komoya nemisebenzi yabantu.
Izilwane nezimbali
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi esihle sonyaka lapho yonke into iqhakaza nxazonke. Emaqeleni, umuntu angabona ubuhle bezimpaphe zotshani, umhlonyane nezinhlamvu. Futhi kulezi zifunda (kuya ngohlobo lwe-degree) izitshalo ezinjenge-tumbleweed, twig, ephemeral kanye ne-ephemeroid ziyakhula.
Utshani bezimpaphe
Ibhulashi
Tumbleweed
Prutnyak
I-Ephemer
Emahlathini asemahlathini, kuneziqongo ezinhle zamahlathi ahlabayo, kanye namahlathi amakhulu, namakhambi. I-Linden, i-beech, i-ash kanye ne-chestnut iyakhula enkingeni yomhlaba. Kwezinye izifunda ungathola ama-birch-aspen chops.
Linden
Beech
Umlotha
Chestnut
Izilwane zasemaqeleni zimelwe yizinhlwathi, izimbila, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, amagundane, ama-jerboas namagundane e-kangaroo.
Inhlwathi
Imvubu
UGopher
Izithulu
UJerboa
Igundane leKangaroo
Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane incike ezicini zemvelo. Abamele izinyoni bandizela ezindaweni ezifudumele ebusika. Izinyoni zimelwe yizinkozi, ama-lark, ama-bustard, ama-harriers nama-kestrels.
Ukhozi lwesitepe
ULark
I-Bustard
I-steppe harrier
UKestrel
Elk, roe deer, wild boar, gopher, ferret kanye hamster kungatholakala ehlathini-asemaqeleni. Futhi, kwezinye izindawo, amagundane, ama-lark, ama-saigas, izimpungushe kanye nabanye abamele umhlaba wezilwane bahlala.
U-Elk
Roe
I-steppe ferret
Impungushe
