Imfucuza yasekhaya eqinile (i-MSW) izinsalela zokudla nezinto ezingasasetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke. Ukwakheka kuqukethe imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nodoti wasendlini. Njalo ngonyaka inani likadoti oqinile liyanda, ngoba kunenkinga yomhlaba wonke yokulahlwa kukadoti emhlabeni.
Izinto ze-MSW
Imfucuza eqinile ibonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zokwakheka nokungafani. Imithombo edala imfucuza yizindawo zokuhlala, ezezimboni, ezisetshenziswayo nezokuhweba. Iqembu lodoti eliqinile lakhiwa ngezinto ezilandelayo:
- imikhiqizo yamaphepha namakhadibhodi;
- izinsimbi;
- ipulasitiki;
- imfucuza yokudla;
- imikhiqizo yezinkuni;
- izindwangu;
- izingilazi zengilazi;
- injoloba nezinye izinto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinto eziningi eziyingozi empilweni ezidala ukulimala okukhulu emvelweni. Lawa ngamabhethri, izimonyo, izinto zikagesi nezasendlini, odayi, imfucuza yezokwelapha, izibulala-zinambuzane, opende namavanishi, umanyolo, amakhemikhali, izinto eziqukethe imercury. Zibangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, inhlabathi nomoya, kanye nokulimaza impilo yezinto eziphilayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kukadoti oqinile
Ukwehlisa umthelela omubi kadoti oqinile emvelweni, enye imfucuza inconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe futhi. Isinyathelo sokuqala kulokhu ukwahlukaniswa kwemfucuza. Engqikithini kadoti, yi-15% kuphela engasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, izinsalela ezingaboliseka kalula zingaqoqwa ziphinde zisetshenziswe ukuze kutholakale imithombo yamandla efana ne-biogas. Lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lemfucuza njengoba izosetshenziswa njengendawo yokuphakela izitshalo zamandla kagesi, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha asetshenziswayo angalondolozi imvelo.
Amafemu akhethekile acubungula imfucuza yemvelaphi ehlukahlukene.
Amakhadibhodi nephepha kungabuye kusetshenziswe kabusha, lapho abantu beqoqa khona bese behambisa iphepha lokungcola. Ngokuyicubungula, impilo yezihlahla iyasindiswa. Ngakho-ke, amathani ayisigidi esi-1 ephepha lokulungisa asindisa cishe amahektha angama-62 ehlathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingilazi ingabuye isetshenziswe kabusha. Ngokwezindleko zezimali, kushibhile ukuphinda usebenzise ibhodlela lengilazi eselivele lisetshenzisiwe kunokukhiqiza elisha. Isibonelo, u-24% wamandla uyalondolozwa uma usebenzisa kabusha ibhodlela elingu-0.33 litre. Ingilazi ephukile nayo isetshenziswa embonini. Imikhiqizo emisha yenziwa ngayo, futhi yengezwa ekwakhiweni kwezinye izinto zokwakha.
Ipulasitiki esetshenzisiwe iyaxolelwa, ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa izinto ezintsha ngayo. Imvamisa le nto isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezitimela nezinto zocingo. Amathini kathayela nawo asetshenziswa kabusha. I-Tin itholakala kubo. Isibonelo, lapho kutholwa ithani eli-1 likathayela kusuka kumaminerali, kudingeka amathani angama-400 we-ore. Uma ukhipha inani elifanayo lezinto emathinini, khona-ke kudingeka amathani ayi-120 kuphela emikhiqizo yethini.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha imfucumfucu eqinile, imfucuza kufanele ihlelwe. Kulokhu, kuneziqukathi lapho kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwepulasitiki, iphepha nokunye ukungcola.
Ukulimala kwemvelo kusuka kudoti oqinile
Imfucuza eqinile kaMasipala ingcolisa umhlaba, futhi ukwanda kwenani lawo kunomthelela ongemuhle emvelweni. Okokuqala, ukwanda kwenani likadoti phansi kuyingozi, futhi okwesibili, i-glue, i-varnishes, upende, ubuthi, amakhemikhali nezinye izinto ziyingozi emvelweni. Azikwazi ukulahlwa nje, lezi zinto kufanele zinciphiswe futhi zibekwe emangcwabeni akhethekile.
Lapho amabhethri, izimonyo, izinto ezisebenza ngogesi kanye neminye imfucumfucu enobungozi inqwabelana lapho kulahlwa khona imfucumfucu, ikhipha imercury, umthofu kanye nomusi onoshevu, ongena emoyeni, ongcolisa inhlabathi, ngosizo lwamanzi omhlaba namanzi ayagezwa abe yimizimba yamanzi. Lezo zindawo lapho kutholakala khona udoti zizobe zingakulungele ukuphila esikhathini esizayo. Bangcolisa nemvelo, edala izifo ezahlukahlukene kubantu abahlala eduze. Ngokwesilinganiso sethonya, imfucuza yamakilasi obungozi ayi-1, 2 no-3 ayahlukaniswa.
Kabusha imfucuza eqinile
Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, imfucuza yasendlini iyavuselelwa. ERussia, lokhu kuvunywa ngumthetho futhi kuhloswe ngakho ukusindisa izinsiza. Amazinga ezimboni avumela ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza yesibili. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akhethekile (ukunikwa isitifiketi, ukuhlukaniswa, ukunikwa isitifiketi, ilayisense, njll.).
Ekukhiqizweni, izinto eziphinda zisebenze kabusha akuyona into ekhethwayo. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa imfucumfucu eyenziwe kabusha zenziwa ngenxa yalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukonga izindleko zokukhishwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko;
- ukuphuma ezindaweni lapho kwakugcinwa khona imfucumfucu yangaphambilini;
- ukunciphisa umthelela olimazayo kadoti emvelweni.
Ngokuvamile, inkinga kadoti oqinile kamasipala inesilinganiso somhlaba wonke. Isimo somkhathi, i-hydrosphere ne-lithosphere sincike kwisisombululo saso. Ukunciphisa imfucuza kuthinta nempilo yabantu, ngakho-ke le nkinga ayinakunakwa.
