Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke, kumboza umhlaba wonke. Ezinye izifundazwe zibhekana ngempumelelo nalomsebenzi, kanti ezinye zimane zingawunaki (ikakhulukazi emazweni angathuthuki). Udoti ukhona wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene futhi inqubo yokulahla yehluke kakhulu: ukushisa, ukungcwaba, ukugcina nezinye. Ukukhetha indlela yokulahla, kufanele uhlukanise kahle imfucuza. I-athikili yethu izocubungula imfucuza eqinile kamasipala.
Izinhlobo ze-KTO
Imfucumfucu kamasipala eqinile isho udoti wasekhaya owenziwa ngenkathi kwenziwa umsebenzi womuntu. Kukhona uhlu olukhulu kakhulu lwezinhlobo ezitholakalayo zikadoti ezivela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene:
- amabhizinisi wokukhiqiza;
- izindlu zokuhlala;
- izitolo ezinkulu;
- izikhala zomphakathi;
- ukudla okonakele;
- Imfucumfucu evela ezitaladini namaqabunga awile.
Zonke izinhlobo zemfucuza kufanele zilahlwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuze zingangcolisi imvelo futhi zinganikeli ekutholakaleni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene ezingatheleleka ezilwaneni ezifuywayo nezasegcekeni, kanye nezinambuzane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-WHO
Ukuze ulahle kahle udoti, kufanele wazi ukuthi okulandelayo kungathunyelwa ezitsheni zodoti:
- udoti wezinkuni nemifino;
- udoti omncane ovela emgwaqweni;
- imfucuza yokudla;
- izinto ezivela ezindwangu;
- izinto zokupakisha.
Udoti olandelayo uvinjelwe:
- imfucuza ngemuva kokulungiswa;
- imikhiqizo ketshezi nowoyela;
- izinto ezithaka imithi;
- udoti wamakhemikhali nowoshevu.
Udoti owela ngaphansi kwesigaba sokuvinjelwa akufanele uphonswe ezitsheni zodoti, kufanele ukhishwe futhi ulahlwe ngokuhlukile ngezinsizakalo ezikhethekile.
Le mithetho elula izosiza ukuvikela imvelo kanye nezinto eziphilayo emiphumeleni emibi kadoti.
ERussia, kusukela ngo-2017, imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphatha imfucumfucu kamasipala eqinile ichaziwe, evuselelwa njalo ngezinto ezintsha. Imisebenzi ekhethekile yesifunda iyabandakanyeka ekususweni kwalo doti. Lo ngumsebenzisi ophethe isitifiketi esifanele sokuthutha nokulahla imfucuza enjalo. Inkampani enjalo ibhekele indawo ethile yensimu. Umhlinzeki wesifunda uphetha inkontileka ekhethekile, isikhathi sayo esisukela eminyakeni eyi-10.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-KTO
Indlela yokulahla i-CTO izoncika ohlotsheni lukadoti, ezinye zingashiswa, kepha ezinye azikwazi, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kukhishwe ubuthi obuningi, obuzokwakhiwa ezihlahleni nasezitshalweni ngesikhathi semvula. Ake sicabangele izindlela eziyinhloko zokubhekana ne-CTO.
Ukungcwaba
Le ndlela izuzisa kakhulu uhulumeni ngokwezimali, kepha umonakalo ungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Ubuthi obuzokwakha ngesikhathi sokubola bufakwa enhlabathini futhi bungangena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziselwa izindawo ezinkulu zokulahla udoti, zizolahleka impilo nomsebenzi wasendlini.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokulahla kwenhlabathi ngokuzayo, ukude kuyacatshangelwa:
- kusuka ezakhiweni zokuhlala;
- kusuka kumadamu;
- kusuka ezikhungweni zezokwelapha;
- kude nezindawo zabavakashi.
Kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga elithile kusuka ezintweni ezinjalo, ngoba kufanelekile ukunciphisa amathuba okungena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nethuba lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo. Udoti lapho kubola ukhiqiza igesi evutha kalula uma ingakhishwa.
Ukushisa
Le ndlela inganciphisa kakhulu indawo esetshenziselwa ukwenza kabusha izinto. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukukhishwa okukhulu kobuthi emkhathini. Ukunciphisa ukungcola, udinga ukusebenzisa izithandani ezikhethekile, futhi lokhu akusizi ngalutho kwezomnotho, ngoba kuzodonsela phansi kakhulu isabelomali sezwe. Uma uthintwa ngendlela ebanzi, unganciphisa izindleko, ngoba inani elikhulu lamandla likhishwa ngesikhathi somlilo, lingasetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha - ukushisa amabhizinisi noma ukukhiqiza ugesi.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuqedwa kuvame ukusebenzisa i-pyrolysis - lokhu kungukubola okushisayo kwemfucuza ngaphandle komoya.
Ukwenza umquba
Lokhu kusho ukubola kukadoti, lolu hlobo lufanele kuphela ngodoti wemvelo. Ngosizo lwama-microorganisms, imfucuza iphinde isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziselwe ukuvundisa inhlabathi. Ngale ndlela yokulahla, kukhethwa indawo ngokususwa komswakama okhishiwe.
Ukwenza umquba kungasiza imvelo ukuthi ilahle udoti omningi.
Ukuze ulahle kahle imfucuza, kudingeka iziqukathi ezikhethekile zokuhlunga, ezingekho njalo hhayi kuyo yonke indawo, futhi lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuqoqwa kukadoti.
Ukuvuselelwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo
Izinto ezihlelwe kabusha ngendlela efanele zivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi, ngemuva kokuncibilika noma ukucubungula:
- imikhiqizo epulasitiki;
- izinto zengilazi;
- imikhiqizo yamaphepha;
- ihadiwe;
- umkhiqizo wezinkuni;
- imishini ephukile kagesi;
- umkhiqizo kaphethiloli.
Lolu hlobo lokulahla lunenzuzo enkulu, kepha ludinga izindleko eziphezulu zokuhlunga imikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe, kanye nemfundo efanelekile yomuntu. Ukuphonsa udoti hhayi lapho useduze khona, kepha lapho kunendawo ekhethekile.
Ikusasa lincike kithi, ukuze izingane zethu ziphefumule umoya ohlanzekile ngokugcwele, kufanele silwe nodoti manje.
