Amahlengethwa yizilwane zasolwandle ezinamazinyo zomndeni wama-mammalian iDelphinidae (amahlengethwa asolwandle) nePlatanistidae ne-Iniidae, okubandakanya amahlengethwa omfula. Izinhlobo ezi-6 zamahlengethwa zibizwa ngokuthi imikhomo, kufaka phakathi imikhomo ebulalayo kanye nokugaya okufushane okufushane.
Incazelo yehlengethwa
Iningi lamahlengethwa mancane, awekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-3 ubude, anemizimba emise okwentambo yokuphotha, izifonyo ezinjengoqhwaku (irostamu) namazinyo alula afana nensipho. Amanye alawa ma-cetacean kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-porpoise, kepha ososayensi bakhetha ukusebenzisa leli gama njengegama elejwayelekile ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha emndenini wePhocoenidae, ahluke kumahlengethwa ngoba anezimpumulo ezibuthuntu namazinyo ayi-scapular.
Izinhlobo zehlengethwa
Amahlengethwa omfula
I-Amazonia inia (Inia geoffrensis)
Ubude obumaphakathi bamahlengethwa oMfula i-Amazon bucishe bube ngamamitha ama-2. Afika ngayo yonke imibala epinki: kusuka kokumpunga okumpunga kuya kokuphinki-pink nokubomvana okushisayo, njenge-flamingo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kombala kungenxa yokucaca kwamanzi lapho kuhlala khona ihlengethwa. Amanzi amnyama, isilwane sikhanya ngokwengeziwe. Imisebe yelanga ibenza balahlekelwe yimbala ebomvana. Amanzi amnyama e-Amazon avikela umbala onodlamanzi wehlengethwa.
Lezi zilwane, uma zijabule, ziguqula umbala wazo womzimba ube opinki ogqamile. Kunokwehluka okuningana kokwakheka phakathi kwamahlengethwa ase-Amazonia nezinye izinhlobo zamahlengethwa. Isibonelo, amaRows ajikisa izintamo zawo ngapha nangapha, kuyilapho izinhlobo eziningi zamahlengethwa zingaphenduki. Lesi sici, sihlanganiswe nokukwazi kwabo ukuqhubekela phambili ngomphebe owodwa ngenkathi sibuyela emuva kwesinye, sisiza amahlengethwa akhuphukele phezulu. La mahlengethwa empeleni ayabhukuda endaweni enezikhukhula, futhi ukuguquguquka kwawo kuyawasiza azulazule ezihlahleni. Isici esingeziwe esibahlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zamazinyo afana namakhaza. Ngosizo lwawo, zihlafuna uhlaza olungaqinile. Izinwele ezinjengezinhlanga ezisekugcineni kwemifinyila yazo ziyabasiza bathole ukudla embhedeni womfula onodaka.
I-Gangetic (Platanista gangetica)
Lelihlengethwa elimpunga onsundu linekhanda nokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Amehlo abo amancane anjengezimbobo ezilingana nezimbotshana ngenhla nje komugqa womlomo wawo ohlanekezelwe. Amehlo cishe awasizi ngalutho, la mahlengethwa acishe angaboni futhi anquma umbala nokuqina kokukhanya kuphela.
Umlomo omude, omncane ugcwele amazinyo amaningi abukhali, acijile anweba abheke ngasesinqeni futhi abonakala ngaphandle komlomo. Isiphetho sangemuva sinokubonakala kwe-hump encane engunxantathu, isisu siyindilinga, okunikeza amahlengethwa ukubukeka okuqinile. Amaphiko angunxantathu, makhulu futhi abanzi, anomphetho ongemuva onamanzi. Umsila uphela nawo mkhulu futhi ubanzi.
Amahlengethwa akhula aze afike ku-2.5 m futhi anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-90 kg, abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa.
Ihlengethwa laseLa Plata (Pontoporia blainvillei)
Imvamisa itholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Leli lungu lomndeni ihlengethwa lomfula yilona kuphela uhlobo oluhlala endaweni yasolwandle. IDolphin La Plata ingabonakala emilanjeni yemifula nasemanzini asogwini angajulile lapho amanzi anosawoti khona.
Ihlengethwa linomlomo omude kakhulu maqondana nosayizi womzimba wanoma yiliphi ilungu lomndeni wehlengethwa. Kubantu abadala, uqhwaku lungafika ku-15% wobude bomzimba. Ngenye yamahlengethwa amancane, izilwane ezindala eziyi-1.5 m ubude.
Amahlengethwa eLa Plata agxila emanzini hhayi ngamaphiko awo we-pectoral, kepha anezimpiko ezinde. Amahlengethwa abesifazane baseLa Plata afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili eneminyaka emine, futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi sokumitha esinezinyanga eziyi-10-11 azala okokuqala eneminyaka emihlanu. Zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-50 kg (abesilisa nabesifazane) futhi ziphila emvelweni isikhathi seminyaka engama-20.
Amahlengethwa asolwandle
Okuvamile okukhokhiswa isikhathi eside (Delphinus capensis)
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele, ihlengethwa lifinyelela kubude obungu-2.6 m futhi linesisindo esifinyelela ku-230 kg, kuyilapho abesilisa besinda futhi bade kunabesifazane. La mahlengethwa anomhlane omnyama, isisu esimhlophe nephuzi eliphuzi, igolide noma mpunga olandela ukwakheka kwe-hourglass.
Umgogodla omude, obukhali ongunxantathu otholakala ngaphakathi maphakathi nendawo ngemuva, futhi uqhwaku olude (njengoba igama liphakamisa) lunamazinyo amancane, abukhali.
Ihlengethwa elivamile (Delphinus delphis)
Unombala othakazelisayo. Umzimba unamaphethini amnyama ampunga amboza isimo se-V ngaphansi komphetho wokugcoba ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba. Izinhlangothi zinsundu noma ziphuzi ngaphambili kuthi ezimpunga ngemuva. Umhlane wehlengethwa umnyama noma onsundu, kanti isisu simhlophe qwa.
Abesilisa bade futhi ngenxa yalokho banzima kunabesifazane. Zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-200 kg kuya ku-2.4 m ubude. Umlomo unamazinyo afinyelela kuma-65 engxenyeni ngayinye yomhlathi, okwenza kube yisilwane esincelisayo esinamazinyo amaningi.
Ihlengethwa elimhlophe (i-Cephalorhynchus eutropia)
Ubude bale nhlobo encane yamahlengethwa bumaphakathi no-1.5-1.8 m kumuntu omdala. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane nokuma okuyindilinga, la mahlengethwa kwesinye isikhathi adideka nama-porpoise.
Umbala womzimba uyinhlanganisela yemibala ehlukahlukene engwevu omnyama enemibala emhlophe ezungeze amaphiko nesisu.
Isiza ekuhlonzeni nasekuhlukaniseni kwezinye izinhlobo zamahlengethwa ngomlomo omfishane ocacile, amaphiko ayindilinga kanye nomphetho oyindilinga oyindilinga.
Ihlengethwa elinomphunga omude (Stenella longirostris)
Amahlengethwa aziwa njengama-acrobats anekhono phakathi kwezihlobo (amanye amahlengethwa kwesinye isikhathi ajikeleza emoyeni, kepha ajikeleza kuphela). Ihlengethwa elinomphunga omude lihlala olwandle olusempumalanga olushisayo iPacific Ocean, lenza imizimba eyisikhombisa igijime ngejubane elilodwa, iqale ukuzungeza emanzini ngaphambi nje kokukhuphuka ngaphezu kobuso, bese igxumela phezulu ifike kumamitha amathathu emoyeni, ijikeleze ngokuqhubekayo ngaphambi kokubuyela emuva ku ulwandle.
Onke amahlengethwa anamakhala amade anomlomo omude, omncane, umzimba omncane, amaphiko amancane agobile anamathiphu acijile, kanye nomphetho ophakeme ongunxantathu ophakeme.
Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)
Ihlengethwa elisesimeni esiphakathi nendawo livame kakhulu eNyakatho-mpumalanga naseNtshonalanga ye-Atlantic, linokwakheka okulingene ngobude obumaphakathi obungu-2-3 m futhi linesisindo esifinyelela ku-360 kg uma selikhulile ngokuphelele.
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ihlengethwa lithola igama lalo ngomlomo walo omfishane, o-creamy o-cream. Ingxenye yayo engenhla imnyama. Ihlengethwa linamaphiko amnyama namaphiko amnyama. Umzimba ongezansi ukhilimu omhlophe. Umugqa omhlophe ugijima ngaphezu kwamehlo eduze kwamaphiko emuva futhi uzungeze ngemuva kwesiphetho se-dorsal.
Ihlengethwa elinamazinyo amakhulu (Steno bredanensis)
Kubukeka kungavamile, amahlengethwa angaphandle awakudala impela, afana namahlengethwa angaphambi komlando. Isici esivelele yinhloko encane. Yilona kuphela ihlengethwa elikhokhiswa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesiga esibonakalayo phakathi komlomo nesiphongo. Uqhwaku lude, lumhlophe, luphenduka kahle ebunzini elithambekele. Umzimba umnyama ngokumpunga okumnyama. Ngemuva kungempunga elula. Isisu esimhlophe kwesinye isikhathi sifakwa ngepinki. Umzimba unamachashaza amhlophe, angalingani.
Amaphiko mude futhi makhulu, ingquza yangemuva iphakeme futhi ixhunywe kancane noma igobile.
Ihlengethwa iBottlenose (iTursiops truncatus)
Ngokomuntu, kungenzeka, wonke amahlengethwa angamahlengethwa asebhodleleni. Babonakala kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ngenxa yama-movie nezinhlelo zethelevishini. Njengomthetho, laba ngabantu abakhulu ngokwanele, abakhuluphele abanomhlane ompunga omnyama nesisu esiphaphathekile. Banonqenqema olufushane futhi olujiyile nomumo womlomo othandekayo obukeka njengamahlengethwa bayamamatheka - isici esingesihle uma ucabanga ngokuthi la "smile" sawo sihehe kanjani embonini "yezokungcebeleka". Ukusikeka nokumaka ekugcineni kwe-dorsal kuhlukile njengezigxivizo zeminwe zabantu.
Ubuso obubanzi (Peponocephala electra)
Umzimba we-torpedo nekhanda eline-tapered zikulungele ukubhukuda okusheshayo. Uqhwaku alukho, ikhanda lizungezwe kancane futhi lihlotshiswe ngokumakwa okumhlophe ezindebeni kanye "nezimaski" ezimnyama ezizungeze amehlo - izici ezikhangayo ikakhulukazi zalezi zilwane. Amaphiko omgogodla amile okwe-arc, amaphiko akhonjiwe namaphiko omsila obanzi, imizimba enombala wensimbi "inamakhanda" amnyama ngaphansi kwamaphiko emhlane nezindawo eziphaphathekile esiswini.
Isi-Chinese (Sousa chinensis)
Onke amahlengethwa ane-humpback anomphetho omncane ongunxantathu ku- "hump" wawo. Onke amahlengethwa e-humpback ayafana. Kodwa izinhlobo zamaShayina zine "hump" engeyona eyezici kakhulu kunabazala bayo base-Atlantic, kodwa okusobala kakhulu kunamahlengethwa ase-Indo-Pacific nase-Australia.
Inhloko nomzimba ubude obungu-120-280 cm, obufinyelela ku-140 kg. Imihlathi emide emincane egcwele amazinyo, amaphiko amakhulu e-caudal (amasentimitha angama-45), ithambo langemuva (ukuphakama okungu-15 cm) namaphiko e-pectoral (30 cm). Amahlengethwa anombala onsundu, ompunga, amnyama phezulu futhi aphaphathekile ngezansi ngombala. Ezinye izibonelo zingase zibe mhlophe, zibe nezimagqabhagqabha, noma zibe nezinsimbi. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa nangokuthi ama-Pink Dolphins.
I-Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris)
Ukuhlonza ihlengethwa akunzima. Izinhlobo ze-Irrawaddy zinekhanda eliyindilinga elibonakalayo, elinomusa futhi elinomlomo ongenamlomo. Izilwane ziyefana nama-belugas, kuphela nge-dorsal fin. Izindebe zabo ezigoqekayo nezibaya zazo ezintanyeni kunikeza ukuvezwa komlomo; izidonki zikwazi ukuhambisa amakhanda azo nhlangothi zonke. Zimpunga emzimbeni wonke, kodwa zikhanya esiswini. Isiphetho sangemuva sincane, amaphiko made futhi makhulu, anamaphethelo angaphambili agobile nemiphetho eyindilinga, nemisila nayo mikhulu.
I-Cruciform (iLagenorhynchus cruciger)
Imvelo yenze izimpawu ezihlukile ezinhlangothini zesilwane ngendlela ye-hourglass. Umbala oyisisekelo wehlengethwa umnyama (isisu simhlophe), ohlangothini ngalunye lomzimba kukhona umugqa omhlophe (oqala ngemuva komlomo yonke indlela uye emsileni), ongena ngaphansi komphetho wokugcoba, okwenza ukubukeka kwe-hourglass. Amahlengethwa nawo anezimpiko ezihlukanisayo, ezimiswe njengehhuku ebanzi. Lapho i-fin igobile kakhulu, umuntu omdala umdala.
Umbulali whale (Orcinus orca)
Imikhomo ebulalayo (yebo, yebo, bangabomndeni wamahlengethwa) yizona ezinkulu futhi ezingesinye sezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Zaziwa masinyane ngombala wazo omnyama nomhlophe: phezulu okumnyama okumnyama naphansi okumhlophe okumsulwa, indawo emhlophe ngemuva kweso ngalinye nasezinhlangothini, “indawo ebonakalayo” engemuva nje kwephiko lomgogodla. Imikhomo ehlakaniphile nephumayo, imikhomo ebulalayo yenza imisindo ehlukahlukene yokuxhumana, futhi isikole ngasinye sihlabelela amanothi ahlukile amalungu aso awazi ngisho kude. Basebenzisa i-echolocation ukuxhumana nokuzingela.
Ukuzalisa ihlengethwa
Kumahlengethwa, izitho zangasese zitholakala emzimbeni ongezansi. Abesilisa banemigqa emibili, omunye ufihle umthondo omunye indunu. Owesifazane unesiqeshana esisodwa esiqukethe isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nendunu. Ama-slits amabili obisi atholakala ngapha nangapha kwesikhala sowesifazane sangasese.
Ukuqhutshwa kwehlengethwa kwenzeka esiswini kuya esiswini, isenzo sifushane, kepha singaphindwa kaningana ngesikhathi esifushane. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sincike ezinhlotsheni, kumahlengethwa amancane lesi sikhathi cishe siyizinyanga eziyi-11-12, emikhomeni ebulalayo - cishe eyi-17. Amahlengethwa ngokuvamile azala izinyane elilodwa, okuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, ezimweni eziningi kuzalwa phambi komsila. Amahlengethwa aqala ukuya ocansini esemncane, ngisho nangaphambi kokuthomba, okwehluka ngohlobo nobulili.
Okudliwa ngamahlengethwa
Inhlanzi ne-squid yikudla okuyinhloko, kepha imikhomo ebulalayo idla ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle futhi kwesinye isikhathi izingela imikhomo emikhulu kunayo.
Indlela yokondla umhlambi: amahlengethwa alusa isikole sezinhlanzi sibe yivolumu encane. Amahlengethwa bese eshintshana ngokudla izinhlanzi ezibambe ongezansi. Indlela ye-Thrall: Amahlengethwa aqhuba izinhlanzi emanzini angajulile ukwenza kube lula ukubamba. Ezinye izinhlobo zishaya inhlanzi ngemisila yazo, ziyadunusa bese ziyadla. Abanye bakhipha izinhlanzi emanzini bese babamba inyamazane emoyeni.
Izitha zemvelo zamahlengethwa
Amahlengethwa anezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Ezinye izinhlobo noma inani elithile labantu alinazo, ziphezulu kochungechunge lokudla. Izinhlobo ezincane zamahlengethwa, ikakhulukazi ezincane, zizingelwa oshaka abakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zamahlengethwa, ikakhulukazi imikhomo ebulalayo, nazo zidla amahlengethwa amancane, kodwa lezi yizinto ezingavamile.
Ubudlelwano bomuntu namahlengethwa
Amahlengethwa adlala indima ebalulekile emasikweni esintu. Kukhulunywa ngabo ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi. Amahlengethwa ayebalulekile kumaMinoans, ukwahlulela ngemininingwane yobuciko evela esigodlweni esabhujiswa eKnossos. Ezinganekwaneni zamaHindu, ihlengethwa lihlotshaniswa neGanges, unkulunkulu woMfula iGanges.
Kepha abantu abazithandi nje kuphela lezi zidalwa, kepha futhi bayazichitha, babangela ukuhlupheka.
Amahlengethwa abulawa engahlosile ngokubhujiswa ngamanethi kanye nangamaginethi. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, njengeJapan kanye neFaroe Islands, amahlengethwa ngokwesiko athathwa njengokudla futhi abantu babazingela ngopopo.
