Inyathi, noma inyathi yaseYurophu, ingenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela cishe kumamitha amabili, kanti isisindo sabesilisa kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-1000 kg. Inyathi yase-Europe incane kancani kunozakwabo waseMelika, kepha inemane ende ngaphansi kwentamo nasebunzini. Bobabili abesilisa banezimpondo ezincane.
Namuhla, yimigqa emibili kuphela yezinyathi esindile - eCaucasus naseBelovezhskiy - ethafeni. Inani labo liphelele lifaka abantu ababalelwa ku-4,000 abahlala ekuthunjweni nasendle. Ngakho-ke, ibhalwe njengohlu lwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa futhi ibhalwe kuRed Book.
Izici eziyinhloko
Inyathi yaseYurophu (iBison Bonasus), njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, incane kakhulu kunesihlobo saseMelika, iBison. Noma kunjalo, futhi inosayizi omkhulu. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwaba nokuthambekela ekwehleni ngosayizi walezi zilwane. Isibonelo, iBison yasemathafeni, ngokusho kwedatha ekhona, ngaphambili yayifinyelela ku-1200 kg. Namuhla leli nani liphansi kakhulu, futhi kuyaqabukela lidlula uphawu lwe-1000 kg. Ngakho-ke ake sibhekisise imingcele yalezi zilwane.
IBison Bonasus ine:
- umbala onsundu noma onsundu;
- ukuphakama kuze kube ngu-188 cm;
- ubude bomzimba - 2.1 - 3.1 m;
- umsila ubude - 30-60 cm;
- isisindo sabantu besifazane siyashintsha phakathi kwebanga elingama-300 - 540 kg;
- isisindo sabesilisa singu-430-1000 kg;
- isikhathi sokuphila ekuthunjweni yiminyaka engama-30;
- isikhathi sokuphila endle yiminyaka engama-25.
Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba wenyathi inkulu kakhulu, inesifuba esithuthuke kahle. Intamo emfushane nomhlane ophakeme kwakha i-hump. Isifonyo sincane, isiphongo sikhulu futhi sibanzi. Izindlebe ezibanzi ezimfishane zifihlwe uhlaza oluminyene ekhanda. Bobabili abesilisa banezimpondo ezincane.
Isikhathi sokukhwela siwela ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Ngenxa yesimo sazo sokuthembeka, izinyathi zaseYurophu zivame ukuweliswa nezinkomo ezifuywayo, ngenxa yalokho kuvela izinhlanganisela.
Indawo yemvelo
Indawo yokuhlala izinyoni inamahlathi aqabulayo futhi axubekile ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu - kusuka eRussia naseningizimu yeSweden kuya eBalkan nasenyakatho yeSpain. Ungahlangana nabo emahlathini asemahlathini nasemathafeni, endaweni yamaphoyisa. Isici esibalulekile lapha ukushintshaniswa kwamahlathi anendawo evulekile, ukuze kube nokuphila okunethezekile nokuthula.
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, inani leBison lehla njengoba amahlathi nabazingeli besusa lezi zilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1927, inyathi yokugcina yasendle yaseYurophu yabulawa eningizimu yeRussia. Ama-zoo, lapho kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-50, baba insindiso.
Ngenhlanhla, inani leBison liye landa kancane kancane kusukela lapho, futhi imihlambi eminingana iye yabuyiselwa endle. Manje iBison itholakala eziqiwini ePoland naseLithuania, eBelarus nase-Ukraine, eRomania, eRussia, eSlovakia, eLatvia, eKyrgyzstan, eMoldova naseSpain. Kuhlelwe ukuthi kugcwalise izilwane e-Germany nase-Netherlands.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inyathi idla ukudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kwabo kuhlukahlukene futhi kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-400. Ehlobo, bavame ukudla utshani obuluhlaza. Amahlumela amasha namagxolo ezihlahla asetshenziswa kaningi. Ekwindla, bayakujabulela ukudla ama-acorn. Uma ukudla abakuthandayo kunganele, bangadla amajikijolo, amakhowe, izinaliti, ubulembu nobulembu. Ebusika, bafuna izinsalela eziluhlaza zezitshalo ngaphansi kweqhwa, badle iqhwa.
Ehlobo, inkunzi endala ikwazi ukudla ukudla okungafika ku-32 kg futhi iphuze amalitha angama-50 amanzi, inkomo - kuze kufike kuma-23 kg kanye nama-30 litres.
Izilwane zithanda ukuphuza nsuku zonke. Kungakho ebusika ungabona ukuthi iBison iphula kanjani iqhwa echibini ngenselo ukuze ifike emanzini.
Ukuzala kabusha nendlela yokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalela izinyathi zaseYurophu siqala ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkunzi zinolaka ikakhulukazi futhi zinomona. Abantu abadala bahamba phakathi kwamaqembu ezinsikazi, befuna inkomo elungele ukukhwelwa. Zivame ukuhlala naye, ngenhloso yokugwema ukubuyela kwesikazi emhlambini futhi nokuvikela ezinye ezeduna ukuthi zingasondeli kuye.
Isikhathi sokumitha sithatha cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye kanti amathole amaningi azalwa phakathi kukaMeyi noJulayi. Imvamisa iNyathi yensikazi iyakwazi ukuzala izinyane elilodwa kuphela, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kuba namawele. Amathole amancane azimela ngemilenze yawo ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ebelethile, futhi alunyulwa kusukela ebeleni eneminyaka engu-7 kuya ku-12.
Inyathi ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3-4.
Isikhathi esisele, inyathi yensikazi igcina ngamaqoqo ezinkomo ezi-2-6 ezinamathole aze afike eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Abesilisa bavame ukuhlukaniswa noma ezinkampanini ezincane. Ayibekezeleli ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, iBison ithanda ukugcwala emihlambini emikhulu ebusika. Ngokubambisana, kulula ngabo ukumelana nezidalwa zasebusika ezilambile. Ngokuvamile, izinyathi zaseYurophu azinazitha eziningi, izimpisi namabhere kuphela abangazama ukubamba ithole emhlambini. Yebo, isitha esiyinhloko singabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukusivikela kubo kunokulwa nempisi elambile.
