Isilwane esikhangayo esihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kuyaziwa, okokuqala, kubalandeli bekhofi "njengomkhiqizi" wezinhlobonhlobo ze-elite. Kodwa lesi silwane sidumile, ngaphezu "kwethalente" elikhethekile, ngesimilo salo esinokuthula nokushesha kobuhlakani. Akukona nje ukuqondana kwezinto ukuthi amaMusang, noma, njengoba nawo abiza kanjalo, amaMalay mart martens, njengoba izilwane ezincelisayo zibizwa kanjalo, athanjiswa futhi agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Incazelo nezici
Isilwane esihle sinomzimba ozacile futhi omude emilenzeni emifushane. UMusang esithombeni kunikeza umbono we-hybrid yekati ne-ferret. Ijazi elimpunga likhulu, lilukhuni phezulu, linengubo yangaphansi ethambile ngaphakathi.
Ngemuva kuhlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama, ezinhlangothini uboya bumakwa amabala amnyama. Izindlebe, izidladla zihlale zimnyama, kumlomo omfushane omude kunesifihla-buso esimhlophe noma izindawo ezimhlophe. Umehluko omncane wombala uvela ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Isilwane sinekhanda elibanzi, isifonyo esincane, lapho kukhona khona amehlo amakhulu, aphume kancane, ikhala elikhulu. Izindlwana ezincane eziyindilinga zihlukaniswe zahlukaniswa. Ihlathi langempela musang umzingeli uhlome ngamazinyo abukhali, uzipho emilenzeni eqinile, okuyinto umhlaseli ayifihla emapads njengengadingekile, njengekati elifuywayo. Isilwane esishesha kalula futhi esiguquguqukayo siyakwazi ukukhuphuka ngokugqamile, sihlala ikakhulu ezihlahleni.
Ubude bokuvuthwa ngokocansi musanga cishe amasentimitha ayi-120 ukusuka ekhaleni kuye ekugcineni kwomsila, okungaphezulu kwesigamu semitha ngosayizi. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisebangeni kusuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-4 kg. Incazelo yesayensi yalezi zinhlobo ifaka umqondo we-hermaphroditus, okwathiwa ngephutha wenziwa uMusang ngenxa yezindlala ezaziqhamuka kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ezifana nesimo se-gonads yesilisa.
UMusang uhlala ezihlahleni isikhathi esiningi.
Kamuva bathola ukuthi inhloso yophiko ukumaka indawo yezindawo zasekhaya ngemfihlo, noma okuqukethwe okunephunga ngephunga le-musk. Akukho mehluko ophawuliwe kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Izinhlobo
Emndenini wakwaVivver, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-musangs ngokuya ngokwehluka kombala woboya:
- I-musang yase-Asia ihlukaniswa ngemivimbo emnyama evezwe koboya obumpunga emzimbeni wonke. Esiswini sesilwane, imivimbo iphenduka amabala ombala okhanyayo;
- I-Sri—I-Lankan musang kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezingavamile ezinemibala esukela kokumnyama nsundu kuya kobomvu, ukusuka kokukhanyayo kwegolide kuya kobomvu ngombala wegolide. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela abantu abanombala okhanyayo we-beige okhanyayo;
- ISouth Indian musang umbala onsundu ngisho nokumnyama okuncane ekhanda, esifubeni, kwizidladla, emsileni kuyinto ethandwayo. Abanye abantu bahlotshiswe ngezinwele ezimpunga. Imibala yejazi yehlukile: kusuka ku-beige shades okhanyayo kuya ku-brown ojulile. Umsila uvame ukumakwa ngethiphu ephuzi noma emhlophe.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi eziningi kakhulu, cishe zingama-30. Ezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwazo ezihlala eziqhingini zase-Indonesia, isibonelo, uPh. philippensis, ososayensi babhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
AmaPalm martens ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinomswakama osendaweni enkulu yase-Indochina, iziqhingi eziningi eziseNingizimu Asia. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, isilwane sihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike kumamitha angama-2500. Imvelo yemvelo yezilwane iseMalaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand. Ezindaweni eziningi isilwane se-musang iyinhlobo yethulwe. Izilwane zijwayele eJapan, eJava, eSulawesi.
Ama-Palm martens asebenza ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane zilala emigodini, ezimfoloko zamagatsha. AmaPalm martens ahlala wodwa, kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala lapho ukuxhumana nabantu bobulili obuhlukile kuqala.
Izilwane zivame kakhulu, zivela emapaki, ezindaweni zensimu, emapulazini, lapho ama-martens adonswa izihlahla zezithelo. Uma umuntu enokuthula maqondana nezivakashi zasehlathini, lapho-ke musangi Izitebele, uphahla, uphahla lwezindlu zihlala kuzo.
Kwamanye amazwe, amaMusang agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Banikeza ukubonakala kwabo ngomsebenzi ebusuku, okuvame ukucasula abanikazi. Ezindlini lapho kuhlala khona oMusang njengezilwane ezifuywayo, awekho amagundane, amagundane, abamele ama-viverrids abasebenzisana kahle nawo. Ngokuphathelene nabanikazi, ama-palm martens anothando, anomqondo omuhle, athobekile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zimunca ukudla okunomsoco - lokhu kudla kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Abahlali basehlathini laseMalay bazingela izinyoni ezincane, babhubhise izidleke, babambe izinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu, amagundane amancane avela emndenini wesikwele.
Ama-Palm martens angabalandeli bezithelo ezimnandi zezitshalo, izithelo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuqashelwa kwezilwane kwijusi yesundu ebilile kuye kwaqashelwa. Abantu bendawo bayayazi le ncazelo - kusuka kujusi abenza i-Toddy wine, efana notshwala. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane ezifuywayo zondliwa inyama, amaqanda enkukhu, i-cottage shizi enamafutha aphansi, imifino ehlukahlukene, izithelo.
Ukulutha kokudla okuyisisekelo abadume ngakho oMusang yizithelo zesihlahla sekhofi. Izilwane, yize zithanda ubhontshisi wekhofi, ziyakhetha. Izilwane zidla izithelo ezivuthiwe kuphela.
Ngaphezu kukabhontshisi wekhofi, ama-musang athanda kakhulu ukudla izithelo ezimnandi zezihlahla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isilwane seMusang ihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, ihlangana nabantu bobulili obuhlukile imvamisa yezikhathi ezi-1-2 ngonyaka kuphela ukuzala. Ama-juvenile palm martens afinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-11-12. Inani eliphakeme lokuzala ezindaweni ezishisayo lehla phakathi nesikhathi kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuDisemba. Endaweni eshisayo, ukuzalanisa kuhlala unyaka wonke.
Ukukhwelana kwezilwane kwenzeka emagatsheni ezihlahla. Abesilisa nabesifazane abahlangani isikhathi eside. Izinkathazo zokuzala, ukukhulisa inzalo ziphelele ngokuphelele komama baseMusang. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-86-90, kwezinye izinhlobo zezinsuku ezingama-60, kudoti wamawundlu ama-2-5, ngalinye lawo lizalwa linesisindo esingama-90 g.
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinsana, owesifazane uzilungiselela isidleke esikhethekile emgodini ojulile. Umama wondla imvuthu esanda kuzalwa ngobisi izinyanga ezingafika kwezimbili, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi owesifazane ufundisa izingane ukuzingela, ukuzitholela ukudla, kepha kancane kancane wondla inzalo.
Okufanekisiwe yinyama musang
Kwezinye izinhlobo, isikhathi sokudla ubisi sifinyelela onyakeni. Ngokuvamile, ukunamathela kumama kwesinye isikhathi kuqhubeka kuze kufike unyaka nohhafu, kuze kuthi, ekuphumeni ebusuku, amaMusang amancane athole ukuzethemba ekutholeni ukudla.
Kamuva bayahamba bayofuna izindawo zabo zokuhlala. Isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo yiminyaka eyi-7-10. Izilwane ezifuywayo ekuthunjweni, ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okuhle, zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20-25.
"Encwadini Ebomvu" musang ovamile i-subspecies P. hermaphroditus lignicolor ibhalwe njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Esinye sezizathu ukuzingelwa okungapheli kwezilwane ngenxa yokuluthwa ukudla kwazo kubhontshisi wekhofi nokuvutshelwa, ngenxa yokuthi zithola isiphuzo sekhwalithi engavamile.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Kunamapulazi aphelele lapho kutshalwa khona amaMarten martens ukuthola ubhontshisi wekhofi osetshenzwe yizilwane. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwekhofi lubizwa nge- "Kopi Luwak". Kuhunyushwe kusuka kusi-Indonesian, ukuhlanganiswa kwamagama kusho:
- "Kopisha" - ikhofi;
- "ULuwak" igama lomusang phakathi kwabahlali bendawo.
Ngesikhathi sokugaya, okusanhlamvu okugwinyiwe emathunjini kuyabila, okunikeza ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele. Izinhlamvu azigaywanga, kepha zishintsha kancane ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ukukhethwa kokusanhlamvu ngendlela engokwemvelo kwenzeka cishe ngaphandle kwezinto. Ubulongwe buqoqwa, bomiswe elangeni, bugezwe kahle, babuye bome. Ngemuva kwalokho ukosa kwendabuko kobhontshisi kuyenzeka.
Izazi zekhofi zibona isiphuzo njengesicwengisisiwe, okuchaza isidingo somkhiqizo okhethekile. Ukuthandwa, izindleko eziphezulu zekhofi kuholele ekugcinweni kabanzi kwemisangos ngenhloso yokuhola imali.
Jabulela inkomishi yekhofi "musang luwak»EVietnam kubiza kusuka ku- $ 5, eJapan, eMelika, eYurophu - kusuka ku- $ 100, eRussia izindleko cishe zingama-ruble ayi-2.5-3 ayizinkulungwane. Ikhofi "Kopi Luwak" kubhontshisi, ekhiqizwa e-Indonesia, ngaphansi kophawu lokuhweba "Kofesko", isisindo esingu-250 g, kubiza ama-ruble angama-5480.
Intengo ephezulu ibangelwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezilwane kwenzeka kuphela endle, ezimweni zemvelo zasendle. Abalimi kufanele bajoyine ngokuqhubekayo izigaba "zabakhiqizi" bomkhiqizo obalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zikhiqiza i-enzyme edingekayo izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela ngonyaka. Ukuthola ama-50 g kabhontshisi osetshenzisiwe, izilwane zidinga ukondla cishe i-1 kg yezithelo zekhofi ngosuku.
Ikhofi yekhwalithi itholakala ezilwaneni ezihlala ezimweni zemvelo
Ukudoba okufakwe emfudlaneni kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izilwane zigcinwa ezindaweni ezingcolile, zifunzwa ngenkani. Isiphuzo esivelayo asisatholi iphunga leqiniso kanye nezimpawu zokunambitheka okwenze ukuthi kudume. Ngakho-ke, isiphuzo sangempela "iKopi Luvak" sitholakala kuphela kuma-musangs asendle, adla kuphela izithelo ezivuthiwe.
Ikhofi limnyama kune-Arabica ejwayelekile, ukunambitheka kufana noshokoledi, ngesimo sokwenziwa uzwe iphunga le-caramel. Kwenzeka lokho ikhofi nemusangi saba yinto eyodwa, isilwane ngendlela ekhethekile "sibonga" abantu ngenkululeko yabo nokufinyelela emasimini ekhofi.
