Lapho kudla izilwane, abantu bebelokhu besebenzisa usizo lwezinja ezingabelusi, ngenye indlela - izinja ezelusayo. Ukubambisana kweminyaka eyinkulungwane nabantu kuthele izithelo. Izinja zezimvu zibonakala ngokuzinikela kubantu, ubuhlakani obuphezulu be-canine, ukulawula.
Baningi abelusi. Amagama ezinhlobo zomalusi Ingabe uhlu lwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlukile. Kulezi zinsuku, abagcini ngokudla izimvu, basebenza emaphoyiseni, basebenze njengabaqondisi nabahamba nabo, benza izinhliziyo zethu zithambe nempilo yethu ithambe.
Umalusi oyiNgisi
Izinja ezakha lo mhlobo zafika nabantu bokufika abavela eNgilandi naseScotland baya eNew World. Emazweni aseNyakatho Melika kwakukhona ukukhula okukhudlwana komnotho, ezolimo, inja yavele yaba efanele kakhulu. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-120 edlule, inja eyelusayo yathola ukubukeka kwayo kwamanje.
Abelusi abangamaNgisi basebenza ngokuzikhandla. Bangakwazi ukudlisa imfuyo, baqaphe indawo, baxoshe isilwane esingamenyiwe, banakekele izingane. Abesifazane abangamaNgisi bakhula bafike kuma-58 cm, 27 kg - izinja eziningi azinaso isisindo. Ukuhlakanipha okuphezulu, ukuzinikela kumnikazi, isifiso kanye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela nomhlambi wezimvu noma izimbuzi yizimfanelo eziyinhloko zohlobo.
Abelusi base-Australia
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinja ezingabelusi zihlotshaniswa nezwekazi lesihlanu:
- I-Aussie noma i-Ossi, kwesinye isikhathi nje - i-Australian Shepherd. Ekhuliswe eMelika ngesisekelo sezinja ezingenisiwe, kufaka phakathi ezivela e-Australia. Ubukhulu bezilwane bumaphakathi, ekushoneni kuze kufike kumasentimitha angama-58. Ijazi lingamasentimitha amahlanu ubude ngombala ophawulekile wemabula. Labelusi abasebenza kanzima nabaziphethe kahle sebezinze emhlabeni wonke. Baguga sebeneminyaka engu-13.
- I-Kelpie. Inkanyezi yomhlaba we-cynological wase-Australia. Kubhekwa njengokuzuzwa okuphezulu kwabafuyi bendawo. Ikhwalithi ephawulekayo: yiba ne-angle ebanzi yokubuka, ingaqapha izindawo ezinkulu. Ama-kelpies akhula aze afike kuma-cm 51. Asinda aze afike kuma-20 kg. Umbala omnyama: amalahle, ushokoledi, obomvu-mnyama. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14.
U-Anatolian Shepherd
Ingxenye yeqembu laseMolossian. Izimfanelo ezinhle zokuqapha nokwelusa ziwumphumela wokukhethwa kwemvelo kwesikhathi eside. E-Turkey, igama elithi "Anatolian" libhekwa njengelijwayelekile, baphikelela egameni elithi "umlindi waseTurkey" noma "kangal". Ukuvela kohlobo lohlobo kusukela esikhathini seBabiloni, okungukuthi, amaKangals okungenani aneminyaka engama-24 ubudala.
Ikhula ize ifike kuma-cm 80. Ayibukeki isinda kakhulu, yize iba nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-65 kg. Kubukeka kukuhle impela. Hambisa ngokushesha futhi okuningi. Uboya bungu-3 cm, buqonde, buhlanganisa umzimba wonke. Izinhlobo zezinja ezelusa umbala ikakhulukazi omnyama noma i-brindle. Isici esivelele isisetshenziswa esinamandla kakhulu se-maxillofacial. Ukuguga kuza eminyakeni eyi-12-14.
Umalusi we-Atlas
Uhlobo lunelinye igama - u-Aidi. Ekuqaleni kusuka eMaghreb, eNyakatho Afrika. IBerbers yaqhuba imihlambi yayo inqamula izintaba i-Atlas, ngosizo lwama-Aidis. Basebenza ngekhono ngemfuyo, basebenza njengabalindi, babamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni, ekulandeleleni izilwane.
I-Atlas Sheepdog ikhula ize ifike kuma-62 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-30 kg. Ijazi liminyene nengubo yangaphansi esezingeni eliphakeme. Ngokuvamile ipendwe ngokukhanya, cishe umbala omhlophe. Imizwelo ye-Sentinel idlula imizwelo yokwelusa nokuzingela. Inja iqaphile, izinikele kumnikazi, ayithembi.
Umalusi waseBelgium
Umbuso ngamunye ufuna ukufuya inja kazwelonke. Ngo-1891, umsebenzi wokuzalanisa uhlobo olusha lukamalusi waqala embusweni waseBelgium. Imizwa yobuzwe yasebenza - yadalwa uhlobo lomalusi waseBelgium, ngezinhlobo ezine:
- UGroenendael uyinja emnyama;
- inja enezinwele ezibomvu zase-malinois;
- I-Laquenois - ebomvu ngombala omnyama;
- i-tervuren - noma yimuphi umbala ngaphandle komnyama.
Ukuphakama kwezinja kungama-66 cm, isisindo singama-30 kg. Lawa ngamapharamitha aphezulu. Zonke izinhlobo zoMalusi waseBelgium ziyafana ngokokuziphatha, kuphela umbala nobude bekhava abahlukile. Zikulungele ukusebenza nemihlambi yezimvu, zingaba abalindi, ngenxa yomuzwa wazo omuhle wokuhogela zisebenza njengabaphenyi emaphoyiseni.
Inja yezimvu yaseBergam
Elinye igama lohlobo yi-bergamasco. Igama lanikezwa indawo yokudabuka - isifundazwe saseBergamo, esiseLombardy, enyakatho ne-Italy. Uboya, ukugoqa ngezintambo, ama-dreadlocks noma amacansi asindayo asindayo kunika ukubukeka okukhethekile. Umbala wekhava uyunifomu, noma imuphi umbala ompunga uyavunyelwa.
Inja ayikaze ibe nde ngaphezu kuka-62 cm, isisindo esingaphezu kwama-38 kg. Inesistimu yemisipha eyenziwe kahle. Njenganoma imuphi umalusi, uyakwazi ukubekezela futhi ajabule. I-psyche izinzile, isilwane sinobungane, asihlukumezi. Kungenzeka abe nenkani. Ukuzalela izimvu e-Italy kuya ngokushabalala kancane kancane. UBergamasco wasuka emadlelweni asezintabeni waya emafulethini aseMilan.
Umalusi waseBulgaria
IBalkan endala ukuhlukahluka kukamalusi... Kwakhiwe ngokukhethwa kwemvelo okudala. Kuyingxenye yesiko lamaKarakachan, iqembu lesizwe laseBalkan (isiGreki) elihlala ezifundazweni eziningana zasenhlonhlweni. Izindawo zokugcina izingane ezinkulu zisungulwe eBulgaria.
Inja inzima, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-65 cm, isisindo somzimba asibekiwe yimithethonqubo. Ukuvela kwenja kusikisela injongo yayo - ukuvikelwa kwezindawo, izilwane, abantu, impahla. Ukufaniswa komlingiswa: inja ayithembi kakhulu, kepha iqotho ngokuphelele.
Isi-Welsh corgi
Ukuzala okuvela eWales. Ukubukeka kwayo kwaqala ngekhulu le-10. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: iPembroke neCardigan. Umehluko phakathi kwabo ubalulekile, kepha hhayi ngaphesheya kobubanzi bohlobo olulodwa. Ngokumila okuncane (30 cm), lezi zidalwa ezinemilenze emifushane zilawulwa kahle ngemihlambi yezimvu nezinkomo.
Kulezi zinsuku, i-Welsh Corgi ifunwa njengezinja ezihambisana nayo. Okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kobuhlakani be-canine, amandla okubikezela isifiso somnikazi, uthando lwempilo kanye nomlingiswa omnene. Ubukhulu obulinganiselayo bunikela ekubeni khona kwamafulethi asemadolobheni. I-Welsh corgi iphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-13.
Umalusi waseHungary
Uhlobo luziqhenya ngezimpande ezinamakhulu eminyaka ubudala kanye nohlu lozalo oluyinkimbinkimbi. Mhlawumbe inhlanganisela yezinja zabomdabu zoLwandle Olumnyama nezimpisi. Akukho ukukhetha okwenziwe okwenziwe. Uhlobo lunegama lesibili - uMlawuli. Mhlawumbe lisuselwa kumusho wase-Italiya umhlanga commodore, ongahunyushwa ngokuthi inja yomyalo, inja enkulu, inkosi yezinja.
Isilwane side: kufika ku-80 cm. Kodwa ngosayizi waso sinesisindo esincane: kufika kuma-60 kg. Inja inamathambo angasindi, okwenza kube nokuhamba, kube lula ukuyiphakamisa. Ijazi leKomondor liwugqinsi futhi lide, ligobile libe yizintambo nama-dreadlocks. Inja izolile, iqeqeshwe kahle, izinikele kumnikazi.
UMelusi waseMpumalanga Yurophu
Ngenhloso, njengenja yesevisi, yazalelwa e-USSR. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuzalela kwenzeka ngawo-1930. Izinja zomalusi ezihlanzekile zakhishwa eJalimane, ngesisekelo sazo kwakhiwa uhlobo olusha. Okwangempela futhi kudaliwe izinhlobo zabelusi esithombeni zihluke kakhulu.
Inja ikhula ize ifike ku-70 cm, ikhuluphele kuze kufike kuma-60 kg. Ama-Bitches alula ngokusobala futhi mancane kunabesilisa. Njengomphumela wokukhetha, umlingiswa olinganiselayo, osebenzayo, oqinisayo nenani elifanele lokungathembani kwakheka.
Izinja zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinja zensizakalo. Kule ndima, zazisetshenziswa kakhulu e-USSR. Benza ukuvikelwa kwemingcele, imisebenzi yokucinga. Babeqapha impahla yabantu kanye nokuthula kwezakhamizi.
ICaucasian Shepherd Dog
Okhokho bale nja basendulo, izinja ezinkulu - i-moloss. Ngaphambi kwenkathi entsha, ibutho elinamandla lase-Asiriya lalisebenzisa lezi zinja njengezinja zempi. Lolu hlobo lwagcina lwakhiwa ngawo-1920. Abafuyi baqala ukuthuthukisa ukuthi imvelo yanikeza iCaucasian Shepherd Dog.
Ukuphakama kuka-75 cm kuyinto ejwayelekile kule nja eyelusayo, ingaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-100 kg noma ngaphezulu. Ijazi liminyene nengubo yangaphansi eningi. Inja ibukeka imbi kakhulu. Uhlobo olunomlingiswa oqinile, ludinga ukunakwa nokuqeqeshwa kwekhwalithi.
Umalusi waseJalimane
Izwe lakubo lenja liseningizimu yeJalimane. Umhlobo lo wenziwa njenge-hybrid yezinja ezinengi ezelusa amaJarimani. Umsebenzi wokuzalisa waphela eminyakeni eyi-120 eyedlule. Umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthola inja, ukunakekela ngobunono nokwelusa imihlambi, wafezeka ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo umalusi waseJalimane kunezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfishane. Zombili lezi zinguqulo zinosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Isisindo esingeqile kuma-40 kg, ukuphakama - amasentimitha angama-65. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebenzi yomalusi isinyamalele. Inja, ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo, yaqala ukufuna, ukuphepha. Usengumngane omuhle kakhulu.
Inja yase-asian emaphakathi
Izinhlobo ezimbili zomdabu - i-Alabai neTobet - kungabangelwa kulolu hlobo. Izinhlobo zingumphumela wokukhethwa kwemvelo. Iguquke phakathi namakhulu eminyaka njengenhlanganisela yezinja ezahlukahlukene zokwalusa nezokulwa. E-Turkmenistan, i-alabai ibhekwa njengempahla yesizwe.
Izinja zinamandla ngamathambo aqinile. Zinesisindo esingu-50 kg, ukuphakama ngama-cm 70. Ama-Bitches mancanyana. Ezindaweni lapho izinja zifuyelwa khona, ifomu labo lokulwa ligcinwa. Esikhathini esedlule, mhlawumbe ngisho namanje, lezi zimpisi zenziwa ukuze kutholakale izimfanelo zazo zohlobo.
Umalusi omdala wesingisi
Uke wahlala nabalimi baseBrithani kusukela kudala. Esikhathini esedlule, eNgilandi intela yezinja yayikhokhwa ngokulingana nobude bomsila. Ukonga imali, lezi zinja ezelusayo zazinqunywa, yingakho igama lesibili - bobtail. Uhlobo lwathola ukuqashelwa ngenkathi yamaVictoria.
Inja iyaqina, ayimude kakhulu: kufika kuma-54 cm.Imbozwe ngezinwele ezigqokile ezinejazi elincane elijiyile. Ijazi eligcwele ngokubonakalayo lenza inja ibe nkulu. Njengazo zonke izinja ebezisebenzisana nabantu amakhulu eminyaka, ama-bobtails anobuhlakani obuthuthukisiwe, umlingiswa ozinikele. angasebenza njengomvikeli ngisho nomzanyana.
Umalusi waseFrance
AmaFrance anezinhlobo eziyi-14 ezihlobene ngqo nezwe. Izinja ezidume kakhulu zezinja zaseFrance yiBriard. Wayeqapha izimvu ezimfundeni eziphakeme emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Imibhalo yokuqala echaza amaBriards ibuyela emuva ngekhulu le-12. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwavunyelwana ngezinga lokuqala elisemthethweni.
Inja ikhula ize ifike ku-68 cm. Isisindo asicacisiwe ngezinga. Into esemqoka ukuthi isilwane sibukeka sihambisana. Izinwele ezinde ezinejazi elithambile zimboza wonke umzimba, kusukela ekhaleni kuya emsileni. Ukubukeka kwenja yomalusi sibonga kakhulu ngoboya. Inja enokuthula, elalelayo, eqeqeshwe kahle. Ungaba ngumalusi, umlindi, umlingani, umhlahlandlela.
Umalusi omhlophe waseSwitzerland
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, izinja zabelusi abamhlophe sezithandwa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Ukusuka lapho beza eYurophu, lapho izinja zabelusi ezimhlophe zazikhuliswa khona kakhulu. Yize inemvelaphi yaseMelika, lo mhlobo ubhaliswe njenge-Swiss Shepherd Dog yi-FCI.
Izinja zifinyelela kuma-67 cm ekubuneni, i-40 kg - isisindo esiphezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, izilwane ziphansi kancane futhi zilula. Izinga libona izinwele ezimfishane nezinwele ezinde izinhlobo zezinja ezingabelusi... Kodwa kungaba nombala owodwa kuphela wekhava - omhlophe. Izinja ziguquka, azinalo ulaka, ziyashesha futhi ziqeqeshwe kahle. Phila kuze kube yiminyaka engu-13.
UCollie
Kufakwe eqenjini lokuzala le-collie. Uvela enyakatho yeNgilandi, eScotland. Umalusi waseScotland ungenye yezinhlobo eziyisihlanu ezithandwa kakhulu. Imininingwane ngalezi zinja ezingabelusi ingatholakala emibhalweni yekhulu le-XIV. Ngekhulu le-17, lolu hlobo lwabe selwakhiwe ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinja ziyaziwa: ezinezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfishane.
UMalusi waseScotland akasona isilwane esikhulu kakhulu. Ukuphakama okukhulu - 61 cm, isisindo - 30 kg. IScottish Collie isalusa izimvu emazweni amaningi, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zelusi zavela kuzo. Kepha, ngenxa yobuhlakani obusheshayo, ubumnene, babevame ukuqala ukudlala indima yabangane.
UMalusi waseNingizimu South
Izinhlobo zazalelwa isiJalimane saseFrance uFriedrich Falz-Fein. Umsebenzi wokukhetha wenziwa endaweni yokubuza i-Askania-Nova, nayo ayisungula. Ngo-1945, kwakusele izibonelo ezimbalwa zemfuyo yonke. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, isibalo sabuyiselwa.
Amapharamitha: isisindo - 40 kg, ukuphakama - cm 65. Ama-Bitches angaphansi ngama-5 cm kunabesilisa. Umgogodla unamandla kodwa awusindi. Ijazi lisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emzimbeni. Ubude bezinwele okungenani buyi-9 cm. Ibhantshi eliwugqinsi. Inja ibukeka isongela. Ubambisene nomsebenzi wokuqapha.
Izinhlobo ezingafani zomalusi
Ezifundeni eziningi, izindlela zokudla kwamadlelo zokufuya imfuyo sezingathandwa. Ukulandela lokhu, izinja ezelusayo azifunwanga. Izici zobumnene noma usayizi azivumanga wonke umuntu ukuthi aguqule umsebenzi wakhe, ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo eziningi zezinja ezelusayo zaba ezingavamile.
- Inja eyelusayo i-Alentezhskaya. Inja enkulu, yavela ePortugal ngeNkathi Ephakathi.
- Umalusi wase-Afghan noma uKoche. Uhlobo lwezinja ezinkulu ezelusayo. Indawo yabo esemqoka esemsebenzini isemadlelweni asezintabeni ase-Iranian Highlands, e-Afghanistan.
- Inja Yomalusi waseBasque. Isiza abelusi enyakatho yeSpain. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lolu hlobo luyinhlanganisela yemvelo yezinja ezahlukahlukene zaseCentral European Shepherd.
- Inja Yabelusi Bohemian. Izinhlobo zabomdabu zasentshonalanga yeBohemia. Njengamanje, ikhuliswa kakhulu ngabalimi baseCzech. Kutholwe ukuqashelwa kokuqala kwenhlangano yomhlaba wonke yabaphathi bezinja.
- Inja Yabelusi Buryat. Uhlobo lokukhethwa kwemvelo. Kwaziwa kusukela kudala. Igama leBuryat yi-banhar. Ekhulwini elidlule, yanyamalala cishe ngokuphelele.
- UMoody, inja eyelusayo evela eHungary. Izincazelo zokuqala zohlobo lwe-mudi zavela eNkathini Ephakathi. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, kudlule isikhathi sokwehla. Manje inani lalenja enesibindi liyabuyiselwa.
- UHerder, Inja Yomalusi waseDashi. Uhlobo oluhlonishwayo. Kwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni emuva ngekhulu le-19. Ngokuya ngobude nekhwalithi yoboya, buhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3.
- I-Chapendois, Inja Yomalusi waseDashi. Uhlobo lomalusi lwemvelaphi yasendulo. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, cishe kwaphela. Umhlambi omncane usekelwa ngabathandi.
- Inja eyelusayo yamaGrikhi. Ukukhuthazela, ezinye izici zomzimba zinhle kakhulu, kepha zithambekele ekuhlaselweni. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokwehla kwesibalo salezi zilwane.
- UNagazi. Inja yasentabeni yaseGeorgia. Uhlobo lwe-Archaic. Isikhathi sokuvela kwayo kuthiwa senziwa ngenkathi yangaphambi kobuKristu. Inja inkulu (kufika ku-75 kg), inokuziphatha okuyisivikelo.
- Isikhali. UMalusi waseGibhithe. Ukuvela kohlobo kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlasela kukaNapoleon eGibhithe. Abelusi baseFrance, abafika namasosha, bexubene nezinja zabomdabu - kwavela uhlobo lwe-Armant olungaziwa.
- Umalusi wase-Iceland. Kubukeka njengeSpitz yaseFinland. Kwenziwe kwaba se-Iceland. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yokwelusa, uvame ukusebenza njengomngane.
- Umalusi wase-Italy. Izalwe ezifundeni zase-Italy Maremma nase-Abruzzo. Uhlobo olunomlando osukela emakhulwini eminyaka edlule. Yakhiwa ngokuphelele kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ingaphandle nobunjalo benja ejwayelekile yokwelusa.
- Inja Yomalusi WaseCatalan. Kwavela futhi kwakhiwa ePyrenees. ESpain, kubalwa njengohlanga lukazwelonke.
- Inja Yomalusi waseKrashskaya. Ngokwentando yenja, izinja ezinkulu zaseMolossian zaphelela eSlovenia, eduze nezintaba zaseKrasa. AmaMolosia enza abelusi abahle kakhulu. Izinhlobo zaziqashelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1939.
- Hottosho, Inja Yomalusi WaseMongolia. Ingxenye yesiko laseMongolia, iBuryat. Imvelaphi igcwele izinganekwane. Kutholakala eMongolia, eTrans-Baikal Territory, eBuryatia. Isilwane esinamandla. Kwaziwa yi-Russian Dog Handlers Association.
- IsiNorway Bukhund. Inja yasepulazini eyaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-17. Umhlobo lo uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiNorway Shepherd Dog noma i-Laika. Ifana ngesimo namanye amakhoba asenyakatho.
- Inja Yomalusi WaseCroatia. Ulwazi lokuqala ngalezi zinja ezingabelusi lwavela ngekhulu le-XIV. Ngaphandle komlando wayo omude, ayikatholi ukusatshalaliswa. Akutholakali ngaphandle kweCroatia. Isilwane sinomdlandla, sinempilo enhle futhi asithobekile.
