Izikali - Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ze-cichlid (noma i-cichlid). Izwe lakubo le-scalar: amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo e-Amazon, i-Orinoco nemifudlana yabo. Lezi zinhlanzi zathola udumo lwazo hhayi njengezakhamuzi zemifula yaseNingizimu Melika, kodwa njengezakhamizi zamanzi angenasawoti.
Ngenxa yobuvila bokuhamba, ukungabi bikho kwangempela kwamafomu nokukhanya okukhanyayo, babizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi zezingelosi. Izingelosi, ngaphezu kwezikali, zibizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi zamakhorali pomacanth fish. Ukudideka okuncane kungavela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingelosi eziningi, ziba ngcono.
Incazelo nezici
Zonke izinhlanzi zomndeni wama-cichlid zinomzimba ocindezelwe kakhulu kusuka ezinhlangothini. Izinhlanzi ze-Scalar, kulokhu, udlule zonke izihlobo: ubukeka ethambile. I-silhouette yenhlanzi ingafaniswa nedayimane noma i-crescent, lapho ukuphakama kudlula ubude. Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-15 cm, ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-25-30 cm.
Ngokuvamile, ukuma kwe-scalar kukude nezinhlaka ezijwayelekile zezinhlanzi. Isiphetho se-anal (umsila) sifana nokugoba, njengokukhombisa. Imisebe yokuqala yakho yomibili iqinile futhi yinde. Okunye kunwebeka futhi kuyehla kancane kancane. Isiphetho se-caudal sinesimo sendabuko ngaphandle kwama-lobes abonakalisiwe.
Amaphiko okhalweni angama-2-3 ahlanganiswe ngemisebe eqinile, enwetshiwe kulayini. Balahlekelwe ukusebenza kwezitho zabo zokubhukuda futhi badlala indawo yokuba balancer. Imvamisa zibizwa ngamadevu. Ngaphandle kwezinhlaka ze-atypical, inhlanzi inombala wayo ongokwemvelo.
Izibazi zokuphila mahhala zigqokiswe esikalini esincane esiliva. Imivimbo emnyama eguqukayo idwetshiwe ngemuva okucwebezelayo. Umbala wabo ungahluka: kusuka kumashi kuya kucishe kube mnyama. Ukuqhathanisa, ukugcwaliswa kombala kwemivimbo kuncike esimweni senhlanzi.
I-windage enkulu yomzimba ithi izikali zihlala kuphela emanzini azolile. Ukunwebeka okuqondile, imivimbo eguqukayo, amaphiko amade akhombisa ubuningi bezimila ebangeni lazo. Ukuhamba okuhamba kancane, okubushelelezi, okuhlanganiswe nombala nokuma komzimba, kufanele kuzenze zingabonakali phakathi kolwelwe oluntengantengayo.
IScalaria iyisidlakudla esincane. Impumulo ebukhali kanye nomlomo omncane wokugcina usiza ukukha ukudla emaqabungeni e-algae. Uma kunesidingo, bangaqoqa ukudla ebusweni be-substrate, kepha abasoze bamba kuwo. Ezindaweni zabo zomdabu, badla ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zezilwane zasemanzini, i-zooplankton, bangadla i-fish caviar eshiywe inganakiwe.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lwe-scalar luqukethe izinhlobo ezi-3.
- IScalaria altum. Igama elijwayelekile lalenhlanzi ngu "high scalar". Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-altum", kusetshenziswa ingxenye yegama lohlobo lwesiLatin.
- Scalaria Leopold. Usosayensi owethule le nhlanzi ku-classifier yezinto eziphilayo wayiqamba ngegama lenkosi yaseBelgium - isazi sezilwane esiyizimfundamakhwela.
- Isikali esivamile. Lezi zinhlobo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngesikali.
Izinhlanzi ze-Scalar ngesimo sayo semvelo, bekungumuntu odumile ohlala emanzini. Ochwepheshe ababandakanyeka ekuzalelweni kwezinhlanzi zamanzi asekhaya baqala ukuthuthukisa okuhle futhi bathuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zesikali. Izinhlobonhlobo eziyi-3-4 ziye zavela ezazingekho emvelweni.
Isikali sesiliva. Iyalingana nenhlanzi yengelosi yasendle. Unemibala efanayo, bobunjwa abafanayo nosayizi ofanayo. Kwakuwukuphela kohlobo lwe-scalar olutholakala kuma-aquariums asekhaya.
Ifomu le-veil-tailed noma leveli lezinhlanzi zengelosi. Lokhu kudalwa kuyinto kanokusho. Umsila namaphiko kuyazunguza njengeveyili elikhanyayo emfuleni wamanzi. Lesi sakhiwo siza ngemibala eminingi ehlukene, sikwenze kubaluleke nakakhulu.
Imibala yesikali esenziwe ngokufakelwa ingahluka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwesiliva, ingelosi inhlanzi ineminye imibala "eyigugu": igolide, idayimane, iparele, iplatinamu. Izingelosi zezinhlanzi zemabula zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu.
Inhlanzi enhle kakhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kungenye yezimpumelelo zakamuva zabalimi bezinhlanzi. Ama-Aquarists ambiza nge- "Blue Angel". Lokhu isikali esithombeni kubukeka kumangalisa kakhulu. Ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhohlisa kudalwa ukuthi inhlanzi ngokwayo iyakhanya.
Kudingeka izinhlanzi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Kunezinketho zemibala emibili nemibala emithathu. Izinhlanzi ezinamabala, ezinombala wengwe zithandwa kakhulu. Kuhoxisiwe isikhumba se-aquarium, enemivimbo eminingi emzimbeni kunokujwayelekile. Bambiza "idube".
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-40 zama-aquarium ezinezici ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha. Mhlawumbe, lolu hlu luzokhula njalo: izinhlanzi zase-aquarium ziyinsimu evundile yomsebenzi wabalimi kanye nezazi zofuzo.
Inqubo yokukhethwa entuthukweni yezwe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwanoma iyiphi yalezi zici isheshe yashesha. Kwehlela ekulungiseni uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ngokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwesici esithwalwa ufuzo lwenzalo kumfuyi.
Isibonelo, i-scalar eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yathathwa ku-platinum esivele ikhona. Watholakala enofuzo olubhekele umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwalandela iziphambano eziningi, okwaholela ezinhlanzini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Ngo-1911, ama-scalar okuqala ahlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu baseYurophu. Ngo-1914, abakwa-aquarists bafunda ukukhiqiza inzalo yalezi zinhlanzi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokugcina ama-scalars akukuncane. Ukunakekela izikali kade yaqhubeka. Kunconywe izincomo zokondla nokuzalisa izinhlanzi zezingelosi.
Okokuqala, isikali sidinga indawo yokuhlala. Umthamo we-aquarium ubalwa kanjena: amalitha angama-90 ngebhokisi lokuqala lezinhlanzi, amalitha angama-50 ngokulandelayo. Kepha, izibalo azitholakali njalo empilweni. kungenzeka okuqukethwe isikali kuma-aquariums amakhulu kakhulu. Ezimweni eziminyene, izinhlanzi ngeke zikhule ziye ngosayizi wazo, kepha zizophila.
Izinhlanzi zaseTropical zidinga amanzi afudumele. Ukupholisa akufanele kuvunyelwe ngaphansi kuka-22 ° C. Ububanzi obukhulu bungu-24 ° C kuye ku-26 ° C. Okusho ukuthi, i-thermometer ne-heater yizimpawu ezidingekayo zekhaya le-scalar. Izinhlanzi azingeni kakhulu ku-asidi. Indawo engenamanzi ene-pH engu-6 - 7.5 pH ilungele izinhlanzi zengelosi. I-aeration ephoqelelwe iyinto ebalulekile yama-aquariums lapho kuhlala khona ama-scalar.
Umhlabathi awunantshisekelo yezinhlanzi zengelosi, ngakho-ke, phansi kwe-aquarium kubekwa isisekelo esijwayelekile ngokuphelele: isihlabathi esijiyile noma amatshe amatshe. Kulokhu, bagxila kuzintshisekelo zezitshalo zasemanzini. Kufanele kube nabambalwa babo. Esinye sezifunda ezincane ze-aquarium sitshalwe kakhulu kakhulu.
Amahloni ayimpahla evamile yezinhlanzi. Ezinhlanzi ezingelosi, lesi yisici somlingiswa oyinhloko. Izikali e-aquarium uzizwe uzethemba phakathi kolwelwe. Izitshalo ezintantayo zenza impilo yesikali ibe nokuthula. Abakhathazeki kangako ngoshintsho ekukhanyeni noma ekuhambeni ngaphandle kwe-aquarium.
Emifuleni yomdabu yezinhlanzi, izingelosi zihlala emifuleni emikhulu futhi eminyene. Ngakho-ke, ama-snags, ezinye izinto ezinkulu zokwakha ngeke ziphazamise ama-scalars. Kuhambisana nokukhanyisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nesizinda esicabangayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinto kanye nesikali esingajahi kuzodala isisekelo sokuzola nokuphumula.
Ngaphezu kwendawo yokuhlala ehleleke kahle, izinhlanzi zidinga ukudla. Umbungu wendabuko ungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuphakelwa. Ama-aquarists anolwazi awakutusi ukondla isikali ngeshubhu. Kukholakala ukuthi kudala izifo ezingelosini. Ngaphezu kokudla okuphilayo, ama-scalars awalungile kumisi owomile, u-ayisikhilimu.
Ukudla okomisiwe okubandayo (okuthambile) kuyathandwa. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-freeze-dry food. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo elungiswe ngale ndlela lubandakanya: i-artemia eyomile, iqhwa lama-bloodworms omisiwe, i-spirulina kuma-flakes, njalonjalo.
Ukudla okubukhoma, yize kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ezomile nezomile, kuhlala kukhethwa njalo. Ukudla okushukumisayo kufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-50% wakho konke ukudla okunikezwa izinhlanzi. Isikali asikhethi kakhulu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kubathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukujwayela ukudla okusha.
Lapho ugcina inhlanzi, kufanele kubhekwe isifiso sokuhlala esikoleni. Kunzima ukugcina iqembu elikhulu lezikali ekhaya. Iqembu lezinhlanzi eziyizingelosi ezingama-4-6 lingabekwa endaweni enamanzi amaningi asekhaya. Izinhlanzi zizokwabiwa ngababili futhi zizohlala ezindaweni zazo, ezingenayo imingcele ebonakalayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izibazi ziyizinhlanzi ezibhangqiwe. Uma sebebodwa, bafuna (uma kungenzeka) ukuthola umlingani. Njengoba sebenze umbhangqwana, abahlukaniswa. Ochwepheshe bathi okunamathiselwe kuhlala impilo yonke. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwe ngumlingani, izinhlanzi ziba nengcindezi, ziyeke ukudla isikhathi eside, futhi zingagula.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukudala ngababili ngokwangempela, ukwethula owesilisa kowesifazane, ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Isikali cishe asinakho umehluko wobulili. Ngisho nochwepheshe angaphazama ekunqumeni ubulili bezinhlanzi. Isizathu sesibili ukuthi akwaziwa ngokuphelele ukuthi yini ethonya ukuzwelana nezinhlanzi, ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezikhetha umlingani.
Isazi sasemanzini esizothola inzalo esikalini sikhipha iqembu lezinhlanzi singene emanzini bese sibheka ukuthi izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi zakheka kanjani. Kepha nalapha kungenzeka iphutha. Uma kwenzeka kushoda abesilisa noma abesifazane, izinhlanzi ezishiywe ngaphandle kwezimbili zingalingisa indlela yokuziphatha komuntu wobulili obuhlukile.
Lapho unonyaka owodwa, izibazi sezikulungele ukuzala futhi. Lapho isondela kule minyaka, izinhlanzi zizitholela umlingani. Inqubo eqhubekayo ayiphelele ngaphandle kosizo lomuntu. I-aquarist ibeka abazali besikhathi esizayo ku-aquarium ekhulayo. Ukuqala kokuzala, amanzi akwi-aquarium anyuswa afinyelela kuma-28 ° C futhi isilinganiso senhlanzi siyakhuphuka.
E-aquarium lapho kutshalwa khona izinhlanzi, izitshalo zasemanzini ezinamanzi abanzi kufanele zibe khona. Insikazi iqala ukucwecwa iqabunga - lokhu kulungiswa kwesiza sokubeka amaqanda. Lapho, ngokusho kowesifazane, iqabunga lihlanzekile ngokwanele, lifakwa i-scalar caviar... Indoda eseduze idedela imikhiqizo yayo yezocansi.
Emahoreni ambalwa, insikazi iletha amaqanda angama-300 noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa, abanikazi bathatha i-caviar kubazali bayifaka esitsheni esihlukile. Isizathu salokhu silula. AmaScariari, empeleni, angabazali abanakekelayo: ahlinzeka ngokuwasha amaqanda ngamanzi, axoshe abantu angabazi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isazela esidlayo sithatha indawo, futhi akukho okusele kwamaqanda.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, ukufukamela kuyaphela, kuvela izibungu. Isikhathi esithile zondla izakhamzimba ezigcinwe esikhwameni se-yolk Ekupheleni kokuphakelwa kokuqala gazinga isikali shintshela ekuziphakeleni okuzimele.
Ngenyanga kuzokwazi ukubona inhlanzi yengelosi yesikhathi esizayo ethangeni. Isikali singabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi ama-aquarium centenarians. Ama-aquarists anolwazi athi izinhlanzi zingaphila iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu ngokunakekelwa okwanele nokudla okuhlukahlukene.
Intengo
Ama-Scalarians yizakhamizi esezinesikhathi eside zasemanzini. Bafunda ukuzikhulisa. Zithandwa ngabantu abanolwazi ngama-acarymists kanye nama-novice hobbyists. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo yazo iyabiza. Umkhawulo ophansi ama-ruble ayi-100. Kuleli nani, kunikezwa izikali zemibala ehlukahlukene. Intengo yeScalar Iveyili, yanoma imuphi umbala oyinkimbinkimbi, ongajwayelekile ungafinyelela kuma-ruble angama-500.
Ukuhambisana
Isikali sizolile, hhayi inhlanzi enolaka. Uzizwa ekhululekile kakhulu eduze kwezihlobo, amanye ama-scalar. Ngaphezu kokuhlangana, umuntu kufanele acabangele ukunamathela kwezinhlanzi endaweni yabo. Ukuhambisana kweScalar - umbuzo awunzima kakhulu.
Into esemqoka ukuthi izidalwa kufanele zihlale eduze kwama-scalars, afanele izimo ezibekwe yingelosi yezinhlanzi. Lokhu kuqala, amanzi ahlanzekile futhi afudumele. Isibonelo, i-goldfish izizwa ingcono emanzini apholile, ngakho-ke ayihambisani nezikali.
Inhlekelele yesikali yimpilo e-aquarium efanayo ne-barbs. Lezi zinhlanzi ezinempilo ziphanga amaphiko esikali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi ze-aquarium ezisheshayo, ezihamba ngokweqile zibangela ingcindezi ezikalini, ezithinta impilo yazo, ukubukeka kanye nenzalo yazo.
Izingelosi zasePisces azihlali ziphila ngokuvumelana negama lazo Zingabonisa imvelo yokudla. Inzalo yezinhlanzi ezi-viviparous, imidlwane, izinkemba kanye nama-mollies, ingahlupheka kuzo. Yize lezi zinhlanzi zibhekwa njengomakhelwane abalungile be-scalar.
ILabyrinth - gourami, ameva - angagcina inkampani yezinhlanzi ezingelosi ku-aquarium eyodwa. USomiki, isikhala sakhe sokuhlala esinokuhlangana okuncane nendawo yesikali sokuqothula, bangomakhelwane abamukelekile ngenhlanzi yezingelosi, yize bona, uma bemba esihlabathini, bangawadaka ngokoqobo amanzi.
Ama-aquariums anezikala awadingi ukukhetha okukhethekile kwezitshalo. Izingelosi zasePisces aziphikisani nomakhelwane abaluhlaza. Ungazihlwathi futhi ungalimazi izimpande. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ulwelwe zingabavikeli bemvelo bezikalo.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Kunezinhlanzi eziningi zamanzi angenasawoti ezinomzimba ophakeme, kepha ama-scalars ukuphela kwezinhlanzi ezinobude obedlula ubude. Ukuma, ukufaka umbala, ukungatatazeli kwezinhlanzi zengelosi kukhuluma ngecebo lokusinda. Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi ngezici zayo ezingajwayelekile isikali sikhohlisa abafo abadlayo. Kubonakala sengathi uthi: "Angiyona inhlanzi." Uhlobo lwe-scalar lube khona izigidi zeminyaka, ngakho-ke leli qhinga lokusinda liyasebenza.
Isikali sikaLeopold sasigcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini iminyaka engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikubone. Ngo-1963 kuphela lolu hlobo lwafakwa ekuhlelweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Izazi zebhayoloji zithi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zesikali ezitholakele, ezichazwe zafakwa ekuhlelweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Imicengezi yemifula yaseNingizimu Melika yizinhlelo ezinkulu zamanzi. Kungenzeka ukuthi kulezi zindawo kunezizwe zabantu ezingahloliwe, ingasaphathwa eyenhlanzi encane.
