Phakathi kwezinyoni eziningi ezihlabelelayo, inyoni enesizotha nengabonakali. Yizwi lakhe elisikhumbuza ihlobo emzaneni, ngobisi olusha, ngomhlanga, lapho sasithanda ukucasha khona nabangane. Izwi le-warbler yizwi lobuntwana bethu elibalele.
I-Slavka kungokwe-suborder yezinyoni ezidlulayo emndenini omningi ohlukahlukene wama-warblers. Lo mndeni wawuhlanganisa ama-warbler abomvu, ama-warbler, ama-warbler, ama-mockingbird nezinye izinyoni.
Iqhawekazi lethu mhlawumbe yisibonelo esiphawuleka kakhulu, yingakho linikeze igama lalo kuwo wonke “umndeni”. Le nyoni inegama lesiLatini "sylvia", okusho ukuthi "ihlathi". Ngifisa ukucabanga ukuthi wayebizwa ngo "whorl" ngoba ucula kamnandi.
Incazelo nezici
Ngokubukeka, lezi zinyoni zincane kakhulu, zinomzimba omncane ovulekile, umlomo omncane omncane kunekhanda, imilenze emifushane namaphiko aphakathi nendawo anemiphetho eyindilinga. Umsila wabamele abahlukile uhlukile ngobude nokuma. Imvamisa iqondile, kepha inyathelwa phansi, noma ngemiphetho eyindilinga, itholakala futhi ingafakwanga kancane.
Izimpaphe zithambile, zisilika. Umbala wenziwe ngemibala ethambile yesikali esinsundu ngokumpunga, okubafihla ngokuphelele emvelweni. Bayazi ukuhamba ngobunyoninco emahlathini aminyene. Isimo sabo sizolile kakhulu, futhi nemvelo yabo iyasebenza.
USlavka esithombeni inyoni ejwayelekile, kunalokho ngisho ne-nondescript eyodwa. Kulula ukuyiphambanisa nanoma iyiphi inyoni ebuthuntu. Kepha lapho nje enza imisindo yokuqala - futhi uyaqonda ukuthi lesi sidalwa asitshiyozi nje, kodwa siyacula. Ukusebenza kwengoma kuyisici sayo esihlukanisayo kuzo zonke izinyoni.
Iningi lama-warblers lingabaculi abakhulu, futhi kukhona nabachwepheshe bangempela kumaphimbo. Ukucula i-warbler - "inkulumo ekhathazayo" emnandi, iqukethe imisindo yokugunquza emathunjini eyenziwe ngamabutho anonya namavesi amakhulu cishe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Imvamisa inomsindo othambile, velvety.
Umculo ucishe uqhubeke, yize kwesinye isikhathi ungaba nemishwana emifushane. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umculi engasebenzi kakhulu. Bacula kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Yize bezwakala emini. "Isikhathi sekhonsathi" siqala ngokushesha lapho sibuya eningizimu siqhubeke kuze kube ngu-Agasti.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lukaSlavkov luhlanganise izinhlobo ezingama-26. Abanye babo bahlala eRussia Federation:
1. Ingadi yensimbi (i-currant). Izimpaphe ikakhulukazi ziyi-monochromatic, nsundu ngombala ompunga, kukhona ukuqhakaza okuqapheleka kancane ngemuva, imilenze imnyama nsundu. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba kanye nezimpaphe ngaphansi komsila kumhlophe mpunga ngombala. Umsila obushelelezi futhi oqondile nawo unombala oqinile, umthunzi wekhofi onobisi.
Le nyoni inesisindo esiphansi, cishe esingama-16-20 g, nobukhulu obucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-14.5. Inekhanda elincane elihlanzekile lombala obomvu nethoni elimpunga. "Amantombazane" alula kancane "kunabafana", kepha awukwazi ukusho zisuka nje ukuthi ungobulili obuhlukile. Izinyoni ezincane zinezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, ezikhanyayo ze-beige.
Kungabonakala emahlathini e-coniferous and deciduous emazweni amaningi ase-Eurasia. Uthanda izingadi zezithelo, ikakhulukazi ezikhule ngokweqile. Le nyoni ivame ukukhethelwa ikhaya. Uyazikhethela, uzivumelanisa nobuhlungu futhi maduzane ukubingelela ngengoma. Ukuzicula kubhekwa njengokuhamba phambili. Izimpukane eziya e-Afrika ebusika.
Lalela ukucula kwe-warbler engadini
2. Impi empunga (okhulumayo). Izimpaphe zinsundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala ompunga, ikhanda lihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe zomlotha. Kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona phakathi kwamahlathi. Abesilisa banentamo emhlophe, futhi izimpaphe ezimhlophe ziyabonakala ezimpikweni kwezinye izindawo. Isisu nesifuba kumhlophe, kunokukhanya okubomvana okungabonakali. Amahlombe agqokwe ukugqwala.
Izintombi zinesisu nasesifubeni umbala we-asphalt owomile, ikhanda limnyama nsundu. Le nyoni incane, ifinyelela ku-14 cm ubude. Itholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwekazi, eNtshonalanga Siberia, e-Asia Minor, kanye nase-Israel nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika. Izinyoni ezifudukayo zichitha ubusika ngobukhulu base-Afrika. Wabizwa ngegama elithi "okhulumayo" ngenxa "yenkulumo" eyinqaba ayishicilela lapho ecula.
3. I-Whitethroat Encane (umgayo). Inokwakheka komzimba kwe-warbler "nesici sombala ojwayelekile, esiseduzane ne-grey warbler. Ihlukile kokugcina ngokungabikho kwezimpaphe ezibomvu emahlombe. Usayizi womzimba wayo ulinganiselwa ku-11.5-13.5 cm ngobukhulu obungu-12-16 g.Ithoni enkulu yezimpaphe inombala onsundu. Ikhanda linombala wegundane, eduze "nezihlathi" limnyama, umphimbo ubisi.
Isici esivelele umugqa omnyama onsundu osuka emlonyeni ngomlomo, ukhula kancane kancane uye phezulu. Kunomngcele obomvu obonakalayo emaphethelweni amaphiko. Kwabesifazane, umbala uphela kakhulu, amathoni amhlophe ayangena. Ithanda ukubhukuda ngaphansi kommbila, eduze kwamaphethelo ehlathi kanye nezihlahla zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Ihamba ngokushesha, ngokugxuma okufishane, kwesinye isikhathi ingahlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa, kube ngathi iyazivumela ukuthi ihlolwe. Kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu, kepha abantu bancane. Ngendlela, "i-Accentor" - ngoba uthanda ukulingisa ezinye izinyoni, ezikhohlisa ezinye. Futhi waqanjwa igama elithi "umgaya" ngenxa ye-trill creaky, efana nomsindo wesondo lokugaya elijikelezayo.
4. I-Slavka-chernogolovka inosayizi omncane, ongafika ku-15 cm, futhi inesisindo esingu-15-22 g.Umhlane nomsila oqonde ngokusobala kunsundu ngokumpunga, ngezansi kunesimpunga esiliva. Isici esihlukile sithathwa njenge-yarmulke emnyama ekhanda "lamadoda", kwabesifazane nasezilwaneni ezisencane, leli cap libomvu noma liwolintshi.
Imvamisa inyoni icasha emahlathini aminyene eduze kwamanzi, ezingadini ezikhule kakhulu noma emaphethelweni ehlathi. Enye yezinyoni zezingoma ezinesiphiwo futhi ezinhle kakhulu, okufana nokukhumbuza iculo le-nightingale. Izwi likaWarbler- i-blackhead ifana nezwi le-warbler yensimu, emisindweni kuphela kunokuhlukahluka okuningi. Itholakala yonke indawo eYurophu, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic, ibuye ihlangane ne-Western Siberia.
5. Ensimini yeCaucasus ne-Asia Ephakathi ungabona I-warbler... Unomsila oyindilinga kancane kanye "nesigqoko" esimnyama esimboza izihlathi kancane. Okuphezulu kuyi-slate-grey, phansi iwayini-pink. Umehluko omkhulu "amadevu" amhlophe, ngakho-ke imivimbo itholakala ngoqhwaku lwentsiba.
6. Impi yoKlebe yaqanjwa igama layo ngokufana kwayo noklebe odlayo. Ngendlela, uvame ukwethusa izinyoni ezincane ngokubukeka kwakhe. Ngaphandle, le nyoni inkulu kunezihlobo eziningi, ubude bayo bufinyelela ku-18-19 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-35 g.Imuva liyi-olive-brown enombala we-satin, ngemuva kwekhanda umbala ungena kumbala onsundu onsundu.
Izimpaphe ezingaphezulu komsila zinemibala ngokuhlangana - emnyama phakathi nendawo nomhlophe emaphethelweni, okwenza zibukeke njengezikali. Isisu nesifuba kukhanya ngamachashazi amnyama, futhi nokubukeka okunesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, une-iris ephuzi ekhanyayo, okunye ukuthinta komfanekiso wenyoni edla inyama. Phansi, unenkinga, kepha uyashesha phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Ehlala wonke amazwe aseYurophu, ngaphandle kweGreat Britain, nayo ihlala e-Asia Ephakathi neseNtshonalanga. Ebusika, undizela eMpumalanga Afrika.
7. UWarbler... Umzimba ophezulu unombala onsundu ngokubabazekayo, unokhiye omnyama ngemuva kwekhanda. Amehlo aphuzi ngokusobala. Izimpiko zinokugqama okumhlophe nemivimbo. Isisu sale nyoni sinombala ompunga-mhlophe, kancane simnyama eduze kwamacala, imilenze insundu. "Emantombazaneni" izimpaphe ezisekhanda zinomthunzi osasiliva, kepha izimpaphe eziyinhloko aziwunikezeli umhlaba futhi zilula ukwedlula "abafana".
Izinyoni ezisencane zisondele ngombala kwabesifazane, ezinhlwini kuphela kunombala omncane obomvu, namaphiko anombala okhanyayo. Le nyoni inesisindo esingaba ngama-25 g. Ilibeka ngembaba igama layo, njengoba icula ngokuhehayo nangendodana. Umsindo ufana nengoma ye-warbler yensimu. Ukhetha izihlahla eziphakeme, uthanda ama-conifers. Uhlala eningizimu yeYurophu.
8. Ugwadule lwasogwadule... Mhlawumbe iWhitethroat encane kunazo zonke ehlala eRussia, ingamasentimitha ayi-11-12.5 cm.Umhlane uphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngomthunzi ompunga, isisu simhlophe ngokukhazimula ezinhlangothini. Imilenze inombala ophuzi ngokunsundu. Umsila unombala onsundu ngemivimbo emhlophe emaphethelweni awo. Ngakhetha izindawo ezomile zase-Asia nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika ukuze ngihlale kuzo. Kuhlala izihlahlana, ogwadule kuhlala kuma-saxauls. Iyakhala le ngoma, ishayisana kancane.
Vele, izinyoni ze-warbler ezimelelwa kakhulu ezweni lethu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yinto engenabulungiswa ukuthi bangathula ngezihlobo zabo izinyoni ezihlala kwamanye amazwekazi.
- Ama-warblers aseMelika noma izihlahla ze-arboreal. Zimboza indawo kusuka emahlathini apholile futhi ahlabayo anezindawo ezipholile zaseNyakatho Melika kuya emahlathini ashisayo aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. U-piebald warbler uhlala eCanada. Zonke lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njengezinyoni zezingoma zehlathi, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-113 zazo emndenini. Ziyafana kakhulu nezimpi zethu, ekuculeni nasekubukekeni.
- Ama-warblers ase-Afrika Ngumndeni omncane osandahlukaniswa wezinyoni zezingoma. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abayona ingxenye yomndeni wakwaWarbler, ukuhlukana kwabo nomndeni kwenzeka kudala. Kunemikhakha engu-6 enezinhlobo eziyi-18, zonke zizalela e-Afrika:
- i-bulbul warbler, ihlala emahlathini emvula nasehlathini;
- i-variegated, khetha amathafa owomile ngezihlahla;
- i-sylvietta, ihlala ema-savanna anokhuni nasezihlahleni ezomile, isici esithandekayo - isidleke sakhiwe ngendlela yephakethe elijulile;
- I-Great-tailed Warbler yaseDamar, izifunda ezikhethiwe ezinamatshe kanye namadlelo;
- izimpi ezinomsila omkhulu onomsila nazo zikhetha izindawo ezinamadwala;
- ICape Big-tailed Whitethroats yabelana ngendawo neBaleen enomsila omkhulu.
Zonke zihlala phansi, ngaphandle kwe-sylvietta enezinsimbi ezinkulu ezinomsila omkhulu nezinsundu. Benza ukuthuthela kwendawo eNtshonalanga Afrika kuhlotshaniswa nenkathi yemvula. Usayizi wazo uhluka kusuka ku-8 cm (isisindo 6.5 g) ku-sylvietta, kuya ku-19-23 cm (isisindo 29-40 g) emisileni emikhulu.
- I-Australia Warbler noma iMolure. I-molure enamakhanda abomvu nombala omuhle opendiwe mhlawumbe yizihlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-warbler e-Australia. Lezi yizinyoni ezidlulayo ezihlala e-Australia kuphela. Kwakuqabukela kudonse iso, ngakho-ke, kwafundwa phezulu. I-molure enhle yesilisa inesigqoko esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhanyayo ngemuva kwekhanda, futhi umphimbo nawo unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikakhulukazi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyabonakala ngesikhathi samanje. Abesifazane nabesilisa abangashadile banombala onsundu ngokumpunga.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinyoni zihlala cishe kuyo yonke iplanethi, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphakeme. AmaSlavki ahlala noma kuphi lapho kunezihlahla eziminyene, amahlathi aminyene namahlathi. Abanye babo ngokuzithandela bahlala emapaki nasezingadini ezishiyiwe.
Impilo kaWarbler ayibonakali, ifihliwe ekuhloleni amehlo ngohlaza oluminyene. Endaweni evulekile noma emhlabathini, awuhlali uzibona. Agile futhi anjengebhizinisi, angakhathali futhi ajabule, agijimela ngobuciko obukhangayo phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene. Le "chaos" eluhlaza ibasebenzela njengezindlu, igumbi lokudlela, kanye ne "nursery".
Lezi zinyoni ziyasebenza emini, zivame ukuphumula ebusuku. Zivame ukuhlala ngamaqembu, kuphela ezindizeni ezinde. Kakhulu bahlala ngababili noma ngabodwa. Imvamisa abesilisa bayacula, kepha kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane nabo bayamangala ngokucula. Yibo abalingisi abanekhono.
Inyoni kaWarbler molts kabili ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi nasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Uma inyoni ifuduka, i-molt yenzeka ngaphambi nje kokuba ibuye ebusika futhi iseduze nokundiza ngaseningizimu. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, izimpaphe ziba mhlophe.
Wonke ama-warblers ahlala endaweni enamazinga okushisa asenyakatho nasenyakatho ayathutha. Iningi lazo livela ebusika kuphela ngo-Ephreli ukuze liqale ukwakha izidleke nokukhulisa inzalo.
Inyoni ye-warbler ekhaya lakho ingaletha injabulo enkulu, iyashesha ukugxila. Ekuqaleni, ungayimboza ngento eguqukayo ukuze ungethusi, bese iyavumelana nayo bese iqala ukucula. Kukhethwa ukukhetha ikheji elingunxande noma ukulibeka ku-aviary.
Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukumhlukanisa nezinye izinyoni, uthobekile futhi angahlaselwa. Ihhoko lidinga izindawo zokuhlala, abaphuzayo, izindawo zokugeza neziphakeli. Uma unesibaya esivulekile, engeza ezinye izitshalo ukuthi umculi wengoma angakha isidleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukondla - izinambuzane, amaqanda entuthwane, izimbungulu ezincane, izikelemu zokudla. Futhi namajikijolo amancane. Ungangeza inhlanganisela enhle yokusanhlamvu. Gcina izinga lokushisa okungenani libe ngu-18 ºC, izinyoni ziyayithanda imfudumalo futhi ziyesaba okusalungiswa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwabo izinambuzane, izibungu zabo, amajikijolo, imbewu encane. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lokhu kudla kunesizotha, kepha kufihlwe ngemuva kwakho kungumsebenzi wangempela wezemvelo. Akukho neyodwa yama-warblers eletha ukulimala okukhulu kubantu, abakwazi ukonakalisa kakhulu amajikijolo noma ukubamba amasimu. Futhi izinzuzo zazo zibalulekile, yize ekuboneni kokuqala kubonakala kungabonakali.
Izinambuzane yizona zinambuzane eziyinhloko zensimu kanye nehlathi. Ama-Weevils, ama-leaf beetle, izimbungulu, ama-sawflies, amacimbi, omiyane, izimpukane, ojekamanzi - konke badlani okuncane izimpikubhekwa njengokulimaza amahlathi nezingadi. Isikhathi sonke sasehlobo abaculi bethu bakhuthele "ukuhlanza" izihlahla nezihlahla ezivela kuzo. Futhi eduze nasekwindla, izinyoni zithambekele ekutshaleni ukudla.
Ama-peck berries we-mountain ash, okusajingijolo, amajingijolo, i-elderberry, i-bird cherry, i-honeysuckle, i-blueberry ne-blackberry. Lezi zinyoni ziphinde zibe ngabasabalalisi bezitshalo, ngoba amathambo asesiswini sawo akagayeki. Ukusabalala kwembewu yizinyoni kubizwa nge-ornitochoria. Kuvela ukuthi la maqhawe amancane awagcini nje ngokuhleleka, kepha futhi angabasizi abakhulu bemvelo. Kalula futhi ngokwemvelo, ngengoma ehlekisayo, benza umsebenzi omuhle futhi odingekayo ehlobo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuhlala esidlekeni ngokuvamile siqala ngemuva kokubuya ebusika bese siba ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukuqala kwesikhathi esibaluleke kangaka kuphawulwa ngokuculwa kowesilisa, obizela intombi yakhe emkhosini. Ngemuva kwalokho uyaqhubeka nokucula, kepha ngezisusa ezahlukahlukene, okusho ukuthi indawo iyathathwa. Ama-warbler amabili ahlala ndawonye isikhathi eside ngokwanele.
Bangabalingani abathembekile nabazali abanakekelayo. Isidleke sikaWarbler kubukeka njengesitsha, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni zikulungele ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo ngamakhono ahlukene. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto, zilukiwe ngobuciko, kwesinye isikhathi zifana ne-vase noma ibhola, kanti kwezinye zingenandaba ngamabomu, zikhululekile, zifana nepulatifomu edilikayo.
Izinto zokwakha - utshani obomile, amahlumela, ubulembu. Amaqanda anombala ompunga, ohlaza sasibhakabhaka, opinki, onamachashaza ampunga noma amnyama namabala, usayizi 1.5 * 1 cm, ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu 2 * 1.5 cm. kungakapheli amasonto ama-2.
Ichwane leWarbler uzalwa wonke emgqonyeni omnene ompunga. Abazali bondla izinyoni ezimbili ezincane amasonto ambalwa kuze kuphume izingane esidlekeni. Kepha-ke bayaqhubeka nokubondla isikhashana, cishe isonto.
AmaSlav akuvamile ukuthi asuse wonke amatshwele ku-clutch yokuqala, anamahloni kakhulu futhi angalahla ngokungazelele amaphuphu uma ephazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukuzama futhi ngoJulayi. Kuke kwaba nezimo lapho, ngenxa yokubhujiswa ngenxa yephutha lezimenywa ezingamenyiwe, isidleke sesibili naso siyashabalala.
Khona-ke inyoni enenkani yenza i-clutch yesithathu. Isikhathi sokufukamela siqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila semvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-7. Ekhaya, benesimo esihle sengqondo, bangaphila ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10, noma ngisho neminyaka eyi-12.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Phakathi kwama-warblers, kunezinyoni ezinekhono lokuthunga. Bangabasiki bengqephu. Izinyoni zithunga amaqabunga lapho zakha izidleke zazo. Imicu idonswa kwizintambo zesicabucabu, izitshalo ezitshaliwe noma ukotini. Bahlaba amaqabunga ngoqhwaku olubukhali bese befaka intambo lapho. Ngale ndlela, baqinisa amaqabunga ezinhlangothini zombili, bathungathe omunye komunye. Kuvela isikhwama, esiba yisidleke senyoni enekhono. Into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi owesilisa uyawenza lo msebenzi.
- AmaSlavki yizinyoni ezingakhathali kakhulu. Ndiza ebusika, zikwazi ukundiza amakhulu amakhilomitha ngaphandle kokuma ukuze ziphumule. Ngakho-ke, balungiselela indiza ngokungathí sina, bathola imisipha namanqolobane kusengaphambili.
- AmaSlavki ayizihlobo eziseduze nezinyoni ezihlekisayo, ngakho-ke bavame "ukukopisha" ukucula kwezinye izinyoni, njenge-robin, nightingale, bird bird kanye ne-blackbird. Unenyoni eyodwa ekhaya, futhi uthola "ikhithi yokucula" ephelele.
- Ama-warbler wesilisa acishe ayeke ukucula ngemuva kokufaka izidleke. Ngokusobala, babeka intshiseko enkulu kakhulu ukuheha umngani.
