Incazelo nezici
IGarshnep iyinyoni encane yomndeni we-snipe, efana nokubukeka kondlunkulu. Ubude bomzimba benyoni bungafinyelela kuma-20 cm, isisindo esilinganisiwe singama-20-30 g, isifanekiso "esikhulu kunazo zonke" asidluli ku-43 g. Ubukhulu obuncane benyoni buyenza ibe yindebe efiselekayo emidlalweni yabazingeli.
I-hornbeam ihlala endaweni enexhaphozi, edlula kuyo ngemilenze yayo emifushane. Umlomo olengisiwe ofinyelela kubude obungu-3-4 cm, wephula zonke izilinganiso zomzimba.Lokhu kungama-30% wobude bomzimba.
Izimpaphe zinombala ongathandeki ongashintshi unyaka wonke. Umdwebo ngokwawo ubukeka uyavumelana futhi ungukushintshaniswa kwemivimbo ekhanyayo ephuzi futhi emnyama nsundu. Ngasemaphethelweni, ukuqala ekhanda uqobo, kukhona umugqa ophuzi ngokuluhlaza ohlukanisa umzimba ube izingxenye ezimbili.
Izimpaphe zekhanda zimnyama ngokukhazimula okuncane okuphuzi. Kubukeka sengathi isigqoko sisekhanda lakho. Umugqa omnyama udlula phakathi kwezingqimba ezikhanyayo. Izimpaphe zekhanda ziphela ngomngcele omnyama. UGarshnep uthanda ukuncela entanyeni yakhe. Kubukeka sengathi ikhanda alinayo intamo futhi linamathiselwe ngqo emzimbeni.
Ingaphansi lesifuba nesisu limhlophe. Ukuphambukela ezinhlangothini ezinhlangothini, umbala uthatha i-fawn tint. Eduze nomsila, umbala uba mnyama, esisekelweni impela vele umnyama ngombala onsomi. Umsila unezimpaphe eziyi-12 ezimise okomgexo ezenza umsebenzi wokuqondisa. Umbhangqwana ophakathi nendawo mude kakhulu futhi umnyama. Izimpaphe zangemuva zinsundu ngephethini ebomvu.
Inyoni iyavilapha impela, indiza kuphela uma kunesidingo. Ukuhamba kwamaphiko kufana nokundiza kwamalulwane. I-Garshnep angabi namahloni. Noma imiphi imisindo engajwayelekile engabangeli ukwesaba ezimpapheni.
Ngengozi ezayo, ucwaninga lesi simo isikhathi eside futhi asuke ngaphansi kwezinyawo zomzingeli. Kunokwanele nje emoyeni ukushintsha indawo. Konke lokhu kwenziwa kuthule du. UGarshnep uyinyoni ethule, futhi izwi lakhe lizwakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Izinhlobo
I-Garshnep iyinyoni eyodwa futhi ayinama-subspecies. Ngaphandle, kufana nezinye izihlobo zomndeni omkhulu we-snipe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukufana kubonakala emgqeni wezimpaphe ezinombala wesikhukhukazi sokhuni. UGarshnepa esithombeni abanye bayiphambanisa naye.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwazo, lezi zinyoni ziyefana ngendlela yokuziphatha. Bobabili abamele bathanda ukudweba entanyeni, njengokungathi bayifihle emhlangeni webele. Kubukeka sengathi izinyoni azinayo nhlobo, futhi ikhanda liphuma ngokushesha emzimbeni.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Garshnep uyaphila ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezimanzi, ezitshalwe ngotshani nezihlahlana. Indawo ekahle yokuthola izidleke ze-hornet ise-moss swampy. Imvamisa, inyoni ekhokhiswa isikhathi eside itholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi noma ezindaweni lapho kunqunywe khona izihlahla eduze nemifula namachibi. Kulesi simo, izimila kufanele zibole, zicindezelwe. Indawo eyintandokazi yi-birch grove, lapho iziqu zemithi zigcwala khona amanzi.
Lo mmeleli ungowezinhlobo ezifudukayo. Izindawo lapho ungahlangana khona ne-harshnep yizindawo ezisenyakatho zomhlaba. Ehlobo bahlala enhlonhlweni yaseScandinavia, taiga, tundra nasehlathini-tundra. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlala zisezifundeni zaseTver, Kirov, Yaroslavl. Babevame ukubonwa ezindaweni zeLeningrad naseSmolensk. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zingamabhange asolwandle emifula namachibi.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, isihlobo se-snipe siya ezindaweni ezifudumele eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eSpain, eFrance, eCentral naseNingizimu Afrika, iMesopotamia Garshnep ayithandi ukuxilongwa okukhulu kwezinyoni, ngakho-ke, ihola indlela yokuphila ehlukile. Kungalesi sikhathi samanje kuphela lapho ingahlangana khona ibe yimihlambi emincane.
Ihola impilo yasebusuku, lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, iqala isenzo esisebenzayo sokufuna ukudla. Imenyu yayo iqukethe izikelemu, izibungu zezinambuzane, izimvukuzane. Ngomlomo wayo omude, i-harshnep iyazikhipha emhlabathini. Izazi ze-ornithologists azifundanga ngokwanele ukusebenza kwe-hornbeam ngenxa yemfihlo yayo.
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zokuhlala yilezi zihlathi ezinamaxhaphozi, ama-hummock. UGarshnep uphendula kancane ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye noma kubantu. Kungalesi sikhathi sengozi ephezulu kuphela lapho isuka khona endaweni ukuze indizele phansi phansi nomhlaba ungekho kude. Ngasikhathi sinye, indiza kancane, njengokungathi iyazamazama.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinyoni ezincane zizithola ziyizisulu ezincane. Lezi yizibungu, ama-midges, izimbungulu, izinambuzane, izicabucabu, ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-molluscs. Ukuhamba phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini, befaka imilenze yabo maphakathi namanzi, bona, njengezinkonyane ezincane, bazifunela ukudla. Ukufuna ukudla, i-harshnep iyamba ngomlomo wayo odakeni, esihlabathini. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi ikwazi nokuntywila ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, bakhetha imbewu yezitshalo zomswakama, amaqabunga awo. IHorsetail, sedge, mhlanga - izitshalo azisebenzi nje kuphela njengesabelo sokudla, kepha futhi njengezinto zokwakha izindlu zokukhosela.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-harlequin athutheleka emihlambini emincane. Zidonsela insikazi endizeni, zikhiqize imisindo efana nokugxivizwa kwezinselo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngoFebhuwari futhi sithatha kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Kusihlwa nasebusuku, owesilisa uthatha ubude obufinyelela kumamitha angamakhulu amabili, ehambisana nendiza yakhe ngemisindo ephezulu yesici, ngenkathi enza iphethini ebunjiwe.
Ukwehla kuhamba ngokushesha, kepha hhayi ngokushesha, ngokuvunguza. Endizeni, ikhipha uhlobo lokuchofoza umsindo. Yonke imisindo ihlangana ngokulandelana okukodwa. Ngesikhathi sokwehla, i-hornbeam iphinda "ama-trill" kuze kube kathathu.
Yehlela ebangeni lamamitha angama-30 phansi, bese iphinda isuke iye esiyingini esilandelayo, noma ihlale emagatsheni ezihlahla. Izwi lowesilisa phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana liqinile impela, ungalizwa ebangeni elifinyelela kuma-500 m.
Owesifazane ukhetha umlingani wakhe. Lapho kwakheka umbhangqwana, izinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke. Ihlelwe emanxwemeni, egcwele inqwaba yamahhashi kanye neziza zomhlaba eziseduze nemifudlana. Indawo yokwakha isidleke uqobo lwayo yenziwe nge-hummock ukuze umswakama ungangeni. Engxenyeni engenhla yamabhamu, kukhishwa imbobo, kubekwa ubulembu notshani obomile.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya phakathi noJulayi. Inyoni eyodwa ikhiqiza amaqanda amathathu kuya kwamahlanu, ngalinye lifinyelela kumasentimitha amathathu ngosayizi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela kubukhulu obungu-4 cm.Ukuma kweqanda kufana nepheya elinomphezulu okhanyayo onsundu bese kuthi ngaphansi kube mnyama ngamachashazi abomvu.
Owesifazane kuphela ohlanganyela ekuzaleni. Uhlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezingama-23-27. Ezimweni ezimbi zezulu, isikhathi singakhuphuka size sifike ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amaphuphu ngemuva kwesonto lesithathu azama ukushiya isidleke ayofuna ukudla ngokwawo. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amaphuphu ahlangana nabazali bawo ngosayizi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani elikhulu labantu lisenhlonhlweni yaseScandinavia nasemlonyeni woMfula iKolyma. Njalo ngonyaka inani le-rignep likhula lapha. EJapan, kunalokho, inqubo ihlehlisiwe. Inani lezinyoni ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule laliphakeme kakhulu kunangesikhathi samanje.
ERussia, kwezinye izindawo, i-harshnep ibhalwe kuRed Book. EYurophu, noma kunjalo, kunqatshelwe ukudubula izinyoni yonke indawo. Inyoni ehamba emanzini ayikubekezeleli ukuthunjwa. Uma ifakwe ekhejini, izoqala iyeke ukuphindaphindeka bese ibuna ngokuphelele.
Kepha abanye abantu, kunalokho, beshiya indawo yabo yemvelo, bandise isikhathi sabo sokuphila ekuthunjweni iminyaka eyi-10. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuphepha, ukondleka okunengqondo, nezimo ezinethezekile.
Ukuzaliswa kokuzenzela kwalolu hlobo lomndeni we-snipe akwenzi nzuzo. Izinyoni azihlali emakhejini, futhi akunakwenzeka ukwakha indawo ebiyelwe. Badla ukudla kwemvelo kuphela, ukudla okwenziwayo akulungele bona. Izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni azizithetheleli ngenxa yenani elincane lenyama esidunjini esisodwa.
Ukuzingela kwe-Harshnep
Ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, iningi lezinhlobo ze-snipe zishiya amaxhaphozi. I-rignep encane kuphela enganikeza injabulo yangempela ukuhamba nenja yakho oyithandayo phakathi kwexhaphozi futhi unelise intshisekelo yezemidlalo yomzingeli.
Exhaphozini, i-harshnep izizwa iphephile. Akuwona wonke umzingeli ongalokotha adabule ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi efuna inyamazane. Futhi izilwane azivamile ukubuka amaxhaphozi. Inyoni emahlathini aminyene kakhulu ihlela yona ubusuku nendawo yokukhosela endaweni eyodwa, futhi lapha ithola ukudla.
IGarshnep ayihambi isikhathi eside. Okuningi kusemhlabathini, ngakho-ke baba sengozini yokushaya umzingeli. Ukusuka futhi ifike ngokushesha, ingaba isisulu esisheshayo. Okuhehayo inyama yenkukhu emnandi, ebhekwa njengesibiliboco.
Le nyoni ayivamile ukwenza imisindo futhi kunzima ukuyithola. Ungachitha isikhathi esiningi usesha, kepha ngeke uwuthole umphumela. Ukuzingela okuphumelelayo, kungcono ukubuza abantu bendawo ngobukhona benyoni endaweni ethile. Noma chitha usuku noma ezimbili ukukhomba abamele izilwane endaweni yokuzingela ehlongozwayo.
Ngaphezu kwesibhamu se ukuzingela uphondo udinga ukubeka isitoreji kuma-binoculars. Le nyoni incane, ayivamile ukusuka, ekuphumuleni ihlangana ngokuphelele nezwe. Ama-binoculars azokusiza ukuthi ufunde indawo kahle futhi ukhombe izinto zezindondo zakho zesikhathi esizayo.
Le nyoni inabantu abambalwa. Ngisho nakwezinye izindawo kubhalwe kuRed Book. Ukuzingela kweHarshnep entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi samanje, akuvunyelwe. Isikhathi sokuzingela siqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi sithatha kuze kube yilapho izinyoni zihamba. Kungcono ukuzingela esimweni sezulu esizolile, esizolile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kulula ukubona i-hornbeam isuka. Emimoyeni enamandla, umsebenzi uba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi sendiza, uphondo luntengantenga njengovemvane, futhi ukuvunguza komoya kuyiphonsa kakhulu ngapha nangapha, okwenza umsebenzi ube nzima kakhulu. Abazingeli bayakwazi ukubamba inyoni ngendiza ngaleso sikhathi lapho izulazula emoyeni ngaphambi kokushaya umoya.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Inyoni ye-Hornbeam encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwabakhileyo be-marsh, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abanesibindi kakhulu. Kuyena, akukho mehluko phakathi kwezilwane zasendle nenja yokuzingela. Uzolile uphendula kulabo nakwabanye, ugwema kalula ingozi.
- Igama elithi "garshnep" ekuhumusheni lisho ukuthi "umgibanisi onoboya".
- I-hornbeam ihamba enhlabathini ishaya phansi naphezulu. Ngasohlangothini kubonakala sengathi uhlala eshaya.
- Ukuphakama kwendawo yokuhlala i-rignep kuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1400-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
- Ubuhle be-marsh buchitha kabili ngonyaka: ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana nangemva kokwakhiwa kwamatshe.
- Abesilisa be-rignep baqala ukukhala ngokushesha lapho befika endaweni entsha. Umuntu ngamunye akanayo insimu ngayinye, ngakho-ke inyoni indiza ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele amaningana. Kuphela ngesikhathi sokufuna insikazi lapho uphondo lwempondo luphakama ngaphezu komhlaba luphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba kunzima ukukubona ngisho nangezibonakude. Yehlela ezansi ngokuvunguza, ingafinyeleli phansi, iphinde inyuke iye phezulu, ikhiphe imisindo yokuzulazula.
- Le nyoni inezinsimbi eziqinile zezwi. Ngosayizi omncane kangako Izwi likaGarshnip ezwakalayo ngesikhathi samanje ibanga elingafika kumamitha angamakhulu amahlanu.
- Izihlobo ze-snipe zichitha imidlalo yazo yokukhwelana ngezinsuku ezinamafu noma ezithule nezolile.
