Inyoni yesparrowhawk. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo, indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala yondlunkulu

Incazelo nezici

I-Sparrowhawk iyinhlobo enezimpaphe ezidlayo, ingeyezinhlobo zikaklebe. Unikezwe izimpawu zesici zangaphandle ezimhlukanisa nohlobo lwakhe:

• Usayizi omncane
• izimpiko zibanzi futhi zifushane
• umsila mude.

Ubukhulu besilisa bulingana nosayizi wejuba, kanti abesifazane bancane kancane kunegwababa. Lezi zinhlobo zisabalele futhi zifundwa phakathi kwamalungu alo mndeni. I-Sparrowhawk esithombeni icishe ifane ne-goshawk, noma kunjalo, zonke izici zayo ezihlukile ziyabonakala bukhoma. Ukuze ungadideki lokhu okubili, bheka nje umsila. Ngokwethu, yinde, ithinta ngasesisekelweni, kuthi ekugcineni inqanyulwe ncamashi.

I-hawk encane inikezwe umthethosisekelo okhanyayo, ihlukaniswa ngeminwe eqinile, itarsus encane. Umbala wezidladla ne-wax kuphuzi. Imisipha yomlenze yathuthukiswa kahle kakhulu. Ikhanda liyindilinga ngokuma, kuyilapho iso lenyoni lithule kakhulu kunelegoshawk, uqhwaku olumnyama lumaphakathi ngobukhulu. Umbala wamehlo uyehluka, futhi kuya ngeminyaka yomuntu lowo:

• Omncane - ophuzi
• Umuntu omdala - owolintshi
• Elidala libomvu ngokusawolintshi.

Sparrowhawk kwehluka ku-dimorphism yezocansi eshiwo kakhulu:

• Umbala wesilisa: iyunifomu ephezulu - empunga, eduze kwesilayidi, phansi - amabhulethi abomvu-o-orenji we-transverse orientation, i-nape - emhlophe, "izihlathi" - okubomvu, okuthengiswayo - okumhlophe, akukho mingcele, ngaphezu kwamehlo - ishiya elincane elikhanyayo.
• Umbala wabesifazane: ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba izimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu, ingxenye engezansi iyimpaphe emhlophe empunga nemichilo emnyama eguqukayo, i-nape imhlophe, ngenhla kwamehlo kukhona ishiya elincane elikhanyayo.

Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwamaphiko lubonakala ngokubukeka njenge-monochromatic, kanti uhlangothi olungezansi lunemigqa. Umsila wophaphe ompunga uhlanganiswe namaqembu amane amnyama aguqukayo. Emphinjeni nasesifubeni, imivimbo emide enombala onsundu iyabonakala, igcwalisa izimpaphe zesisu ezilula.

Imvamisa kubantu abancane, futhi abavamile ukumela lolu hlobo, ichashaza elimhlophe litholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, okungaba ngezimo ezihluke kakhulu - isici esithile senyoni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, njengeSiberia, ungabanjwa undlunkulu ilula futhi imhlophe ngebala.

Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngendiza enomoya ophakeme - zihlala zishintsha izindlela zokuhamba emoyeni, zisebenzisa inqubo yokushaya nokushaya. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukubona lezo ezikhuphukayo.

Kanjalo, Izwi londlunkulu ayizwakali kaningi. Bangakwazi ukwenza ukulibala okubukhali noma imisindo emifushane engazelelwe. Izwi lowesilisa liphakeme kakhulu ngobuningi kunelowesifazane, futhi lizwakala ngathi: "kuk-kuk ..." noma "kick-kick ...". Futhi, insikazi eseduze kwesidleke ingakhalisa umculo owethusayo: "Tyuv, Tyuv, Tyuv ..", eshayela izivakashi ezingafuneki ezinkukhuni zakhe.

Lalela izwi londlunkulu

Phakathi kwezazi ze-ornithologists, lo mmeli womndeni wama-hawk waduma njengomvikeli onesibindi wamachwane akhe nezidleke zakhe ezivela kwezinye izidumbu. Uyakwazi ukubuyisa ukuhlaselwa kwesitha esikhulu ngisho.

Uma owesilisa kuvela ukuthi useduze kwamantshontsho, insikazi ngaphandle kokungabaza igadla kulowo onenkinga, ihlasela ngemuva ibambe ikhanda ngemuva. Ubudlova engxenyeni yale nyoni buzoqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umhlaseli eseyeke ibanga eliphephile.

Izinhlobo

ISparrowhawk phakathi kwabaqaphi bezinyoni inelinye igama - undlunkulu omncane... Embuthanweni wabazingeli, lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe lwaba ama-subtypes amaningana, kuya ngombala wezimpaphe:

• Endala noma ebomvu
• I-Birch
• Amantongomane
• Oak (umbala omnyama kakhulu).

Izinguquko ezinjalo ezimpapheni ziyizici zomuntu ngamunye futhi azixhomeki ebulilini bomuntu ngamunye, ubudala noma indawo yokuhlala. Ungathola futhi okunye ukuhlukaniswa kwezinyoni, isikhathi esichazayo okuyindawo yokwakha izidleke:

• Ukhovu omncane ojwayelekile. I-Europe, Asia Minor, entshonalanga yeSiberia kuya e-Altai Territory, eCaucasus, eMesopotamiya. Ebusika, lolu hlobo luzulazula lubheke enyakatho ye-Afrika naseningizimu yeYurophu.
• Ukhozi oluncane lwaseSiberia. I-Turkestan, iPersia esenyakatho, iManchuria, iSiberia empumalanga ye-Altai, enyakatho yeChina. Ingabe ubusika eBurma, India nase-Indochina. Isici esivelele ngosayizi waso omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, iphiko lowesilisa liyi-205-216 mm, yowesifazane - 240-258 mm.
• I-Kamchatka hawk encane. Kwenzeka eKamchatka, ngenkathi kubusika eJapane. Isici esihlukile umbala okhanyayo.

Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala

Indawo yokuhlala kondlunkulu inkulu ngokumangazayo:

• I-Eurasia
• E-Australia
• Afrika
• iziqhingi zase-Indonesia nasePhilippines
• ENyakatho / eNingizimu Melika
• I-Tasmania
• Ceylon
• IMadagascar nabanye.

I-Sparrowhawk ihlala ezinkangala kanye namathafa athambile. Unethezekile emahlathini, amathafa nasemahlathini. OKlebe bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini ngaphandle kokungena ebunzimeni bawo. Bakhetha imiphetho yehlathi elincane, izindawo ezivulekile ezingatheni zokwakha izidleke, futhi bathanda namahlathi amancane. Enye yezinto ezidingeka kuqala indawo eseduze yedamu.

Ezinye izinyoni zivumelane nempilo ezindaweni ezivulekile nezindawo zezolimo. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, abamele oKlebe bangatholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezisulu. Kuvamile ukuthi indawo enjalo ibize ondlunkulu izimpilo zabo.

Ngokushesha, izinyoni zikhubazekile lapho zibhekene nengilazi yezindlu, ziwela ezintanjeni, futhi zibe yizisulu zezigebengu. Bangakwazi ukuntywila emafasiteleni ukuze benze inzuzo ngezilwane ezifuywayo ezincane (opholi, amagundane, ama-hamsters), bengaboni umgoqo obala ngesimo sengilazi.

OKlebe bahlukaniswa yimvelo yabo yokuhlala phansi. Okokuqala, lokhu kuthinta abahlali bezindawo ezipholile. Ngenkathi abantu abahlala enyakatho bethuthela eningizimu. Ngokuyinhloko, nokho, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lunamathela endaweni ezihlala kuyo impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, zakha izidleke ezintsha minyaka yonke endaweni eseduze nalezo zangonyaka odlule.

Ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokuhlala ezintsha, izinyoni zikhetha iziqongo zezihlahla ze-coniferous ezingekho ngaphansi kwamamitha ama-3-6 ukusuka emhlabathini, ezimweni ezingavamile, izidleke nazo zitholakala emiqhele ekhonjiwe, kepha zihlala zifihliwe eduze kwesiqu ngobuningi bamahlamvu emehlweni abukhali. Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesidleke asichazwa (ikakhulukazi kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli) - konke kuncike ezimweni zezulu zesifunda lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni.

Ukudla okunomsoco

Njengabanye abamele umndeni we-hawk, undlunkulu uyadla ikakhulukazi umdlalo omncane - cishe ama-90% wokudla okuphelele. Lokhu kungaba ngamabele, iziphambano, ondlunkulu, ohlangothini nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo. Futhi kudla ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo kanye nasemanzini, amagundane amancane, izinambuzane - uhlu lubanzi kakhulu.

Abesilisa bakhetha inyamazane encane, kuyilapho abesifazane bezingela inyamazane enkulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, badla amanzi amancane, kepha bayathanda ukubhukuda. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubhujiswa okunjalo kwezinyoni ezincane, izinambuzane kanye namagundane kuyinqubo engokwemvelo engabangeli monakalo emvelweni.

Ukhozi luyisidina sasemini, ngakho-ke luzingela kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, lulala ngokugcwele ebusuku. Kuze kube sekuhwalala, amatshwele angathathwa ngokuzingela, lokhu kuchazwa ngenqubo "yokuqeqeshwa" kwabo ukuzingela. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela undlunkulu endizeni ayizungezi ngokushelela, njengabanye abaningi abanjengaye, kepha, kunalokho, inokuhamba okuphezulu.

Yisilwane esishesha kakhulu esingaphunyuka kulesi silwane. Ukukhethwa kwesisulu kunqunywa isimo esisodwa - uklebe kumele ukwazi ukubhekana nalo. Abazingeli abanolwazi bakhetha ukuzala lezi zinyoni njengabasizi bokubamba izilwane ezincane nezinyoni, ikakhulukazi izigwaca.

Ngesikhathi sokuzingelwa, enezimpaphe inesineke esikhulu futhi inenhloso - ayishintshi inhloso yokulandela ize imbambe, ngenkathi ingenzi umsindo omncane. Le nyoni enobuqili ingalinda isisulu sayo isikhathi eside, iyibuke, bese ihlasela ngokuzumayo.

Noma, uhamba phakathi kwezihlahla ezisehlathini, ngejubane ubambe impukane yonke into esesandleni somzingeli oqaphile. Uyakwazi ukubamba ngobuchule izisulu ezihambayo nezindizayo nezihleli phansi. Ibamba isidalwa esiphilayo, undlunkulu onezidladla nezinzipho zemisipha uyakhama, asibhoboze, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise isisulu. Le nyoni idla konke - kusuka emathanjeni kuya koboya noma izimpaphe.

Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila

Lezi zinhlobo zomndeni we-hawk zihlukaniswa ngumuntu oyedwa, ukudala isidleke, lo mbhangqwana uyayivikela ngamabutho ahlangene, ngaphandle kokushintsha abalingani kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo. Ubukhulu besidleke buhloniphekile - 40x50 cm. Inyoni yesparrowhawk kwakha izindawo zokuhlala, ngezikhathi ezithile kubekwa izinto zokwakha. Kuvela ukuthi indlu ivulekile, ayihlukaniswa ngamandla, mncane, iyaguquguquka, eyenziwe nge:

• Izinaliti zikaphayini
• Bark
• Izinkuni ezomile.

Maphakathi neRussia, undlunkulu uqala ukwakha isidleke ngoMeyi, abekele amaqanda "ezindlini" ezisanda kwakhiwa. Le nqubo ingenzeka ngemuva kwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka oshisayo, ukulala kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, nonyaka obandayo - ekupheleni kwenyanga. Isikhathi sokuchamusela amaphuphu ngqo sincike esikhathini sokubekwa.

I-clutch eyodwa iqukethe amaqanda ayi-4-6, ngosayizi ngamunye ongu-3 * 4 cm. Imvamisa, ukufukamela nokuvikela indawo yokuhlala kunikezwa owesifazane kuphela, kuyilapho owesilisa enesibopho sokondla umndeni. Amachwane aze afike enyangeni eyodwa abukeka njengamaqhuqhuva aluhlaza, bese ekhipha ngokuphelele bese eqala ukumbozwa ngezimpaphe.

Kusukela ngesikhathi iphuphu lokuqala liphuma, amazinyane ahlala esidlekeni isikhathi esingangenyanga ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngumama. Indoda iyaqhubeka nokulethela umndeni ukudla, futhi ngalesi sikhathi kusetshenziswa kuphela abamele izinyoni njengokudla, futhi "nezinkukhu zezinkukhu nazo" zingabanjwa ".

Lapho nje izingane esezivuthiwe ziqala ukundiza ziphume ngaphandle kwendlu, umama uyaqhubeka nokuphelezela futhi azibheke amanye amasonto ama-2-3 - lokhu kuyadingeka ekuphepheni kwenzalo, kuyivikele ezilwaneni eziyingozi ezinkulu.

Insikazi inakekela amazinyane kuze kube yichwane lokugcina. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngaphansi kwephiko likamama, oklebe bangena ebudaleni beneminyaka eyi-1.5-2 izinyanga, futhi bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokugcwele ngonyaka ongu-1, ngaphandle akusafani ngandlela thile nabamele abantu abadala. Ngokufanelekile, umsebenzi wokuphila kondlunkulu ungafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15, kepha-ke, empeleni, izinyoni ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7-8.

Isikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu sonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ngoba cishe amaphuphu angama-35% ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokuphila abulawa ukungabi nokudla, izimo zezulu, noma awele kuzipho zezidlakudla ezinkulu nezinolwazi. Ekuthunjweni, abantu ngabanye bakwazile ukuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

EGibhithe lasendulo, lolu hlobo lwenyoni lwaluhlonishwa ngokuthi "Uphawu lomphefumulo." Lokhu kuchazwa izindiza ezishesha umbani phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Ukhozi lwaluwukwenziwa samuntu kwesidalwa esingakutholakali, esasikhuphuka ngokushesha emisebeni yelanga, njengemiphefumulo yabantu. Kungakho imiphefumulo yabafileyo kwi-sarcophagi yaseGibhithe lasendulo yayigqoka izithombe zoKlebe.

Kunezinguqulo eziningana zokuchazwa kwegama lale nyoni, kungani "iyi-hawk":

• Ngejubane lokundiza nokuqapha. Ekuhumusheni, impande "astr" iyashesha, iyashesha, ibukhali.
• Okokudla. Inhlanganisela yamagama "jastь" - is, and "rebъ" - partridge, make up nothing but "eating partridge". Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yesibili yaleli gama ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "motley, pockmarked" - isici sesici sombala wezimpaphe zenyoni
• Ukuhlonipha inkosi uMegara. Le nkolelo isabalele, okokuqala, eGeorgia.

Elinye iqiniso elithandekayo ukuzilawula kwabantu. Iminyaka "elambile" ayifaki isandla ekukhuliseni inzalo enkulu, ngakho-ke umbhangqwana we-hawk ukhulisa kuphela amatshwele aqinile ayi-1-2, amanye ama-brood asongelwa ngokufa ngenxa yokukhathala.

Ukusetshenziswa kondlunkulu ekuzingeleni ekwindla kwandile eGeorgia. Ukubamba inyoni edla inyama kungumsebenzi othokozisayo. IBasieri yigama elinikezwe abazingeli bezinyoni ezizingela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekwindla, i-basieri ibamba i-hawk enetheni isebenzisa isicupho esinjenge-shrike eboshiwe, ikhulule ngokucophelela umhlaseli emanetheni futhi iwaqambe.

Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokuzingela, lapho othunjiwe eletha inani elikhulu lezilwane (izigwaca), i-basieri idedela umsizi wayo oyisilwane endle. Ngonyaka ozayo, umlando uyaziphinda, kepha nge-sparrowhawk entsha. Abazingeli abangochwepheshe ngosizo lwale nyoni bayakwazi ukuthola izigwaca ezingaba yishumi ngosuku.

Le nyoni inombono obukhali futhi obonwe ngamehlo ophakeme ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunowomuntu. Indawo yamehlo (abheke phambili) nosayizi wawo omkhulu afaka isandla kulokhu. I-Binocular, okungukuthi, umbono ocacile wento ngamehlo womabili ngasikhathi sinye. Babuye bahlukanise kahle iphunga, kepha uma bemunca umoya ngemilomo yabo, hhayi ngamakhala abo.

ISparrowhawk yinyoni yobuhle obumangalisayo nokushesha. Ilungele ukuzingela ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha ayikufanele neze ukugcina ukuthunjwa njengesilwane sokuhlobisa.

Bukela ividiyo: Sikuyo Indlela (Julayi 2024).