Ibhungane iBarbel noma umgawuli wemithi uwumndeni omkhulu futhi osabalele wamabhungane. Isici salesi silwane amadevu amakhulu, ubude besikhathi eside kunomzimba. Zihlukaniswa ngokulandelayo: i-arthropods izinambuzane ze-coleopteran barbel.
Abaqoqi be-entomological bayawathanda la mabhungane ngokuhluka kwawo ngosayizi womzimba, ukuma kwe-elytra, ukuphuma okuhlukahlukene kwesithombe, ama-tubercles kanye nezinsipho ku-elytra, kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene. Ezinye izibonelo ezomile zibiza cishe u- $ 1,000.
Futhi, ikoloni lamabhungane abagawula izingodo liyakwazi ukubhubhisa indawo ebalulekile yehlathi ngesikhathi esifushane, ngakho-ke baqothulwa ngamahlathi. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla, ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo nokusatshalaliswa okubanzi emhlabeni wonke, emndenini wamabhungane kunabantu ababalwe kuRed Book.
Incazelo nezici
Lezi zinambuzane ikakhulukazi azinabungozi kuzo, zidla izitshalo, ikakhulukazi zezinhlobo zezihlahla. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi zibukeka zisongela kakhulu. Isici esigqame kakhulu amadevu amade ahambayo, ubukhulu bawo bungu-2, noma bude izikhathi eziphindwe ka-5 ubude bomzimba. Ezansi kwezimpondo kukhona amehlo esinambuzane. Amadevu isitho sephunga nokuthinta.
Okuhlangene ngokufana kwawo wonke la mabhungane isakhiwo somzimba esihlanganisiwe, yize, ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo, umumo uqobo ungaba banzi ezinhlangothini noma uvuleke kakhulu. Ngokwesakhiwo somzimba wabantu abadala, izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Izitho zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezi-5 - i-pelvis, i-trochanter, ithanga, umlenze ongezansi nomlenze.
Unamabhangqa ama-3 wezidladla, i-elytra eqinile ye-chitinous, kanti amanye anemihlathi emikhulu. Isisu sithambile, sihlukaniswe izigaba, imvamisa kakhulu sibe yisihlanu. Inhloko yabo iyindilinga; kwenzeka ukuthi ingena ngokuqinile ku-prothorax.
Abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane ngezintshebe ezinde, imihlathi ephezulu yabesilisa nayo ithuthuke kakhulu, isisu sibukhali, futhi kaningi sipendwe ngombala ohlukile. Isimo somzimba wabo sicabalele futhi sibanzi. La mabhungane abonakala ngomqondo onjenge-dimorphism yezocansi. Lokhu kulapho abesifazane nabesilisa bebukeka behlukile, sengathi kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene.
Amabhungane amaningi anezimpondo ezinde enza imisindo enamandla, ama-creaks, noma ama-rattles. Lokhu kungenxa yokungqubuzana kobambo lwe-prothorax olubhekene nobuso obunzima be-mesothorax, noma ukungqubuzana kwemilenze yangemuva ngokumelene ne-elytra. Benza imisindo enjalo lapho kunosongo lokuhlaselwa kwesitha. Kungenzeka ukubasabise.
Umbala wabo ungahluka kakhulu. Inombala wamaphiko ezinwele nezinwele zomzimba. Imibala ijabule ngokuhlukahluka kwayo. Imibala ekhanyayo - ophuzi okhilimu, isaladi, ulamula, upinki.
Imithunzi emnyama - nsundu, nsomi, mnyama. Umbala ohlanganisiwe uvame kakhulu - imivimbo, amabala namanye amaphethini, kwesinye isikhathi wesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esihlotshisiwe. Konke ukwehluka kwangaphandle phakathi kwamabhungane kuncike endaweni yokuhlala kanye nasezinhlotsheni zayo.
Izinhlobo
Ukulinganisela okunzima kakhulu kwembula izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-26 000 zalezi zidalwa, kodwa le datha ishintsha njalo. Cishe njalo ngonyaka, izinhlobo ezintsha zitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezifundeni eziseduze nenkabazwe. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezintsha zibuye zivele eYurophu ephucukile, e-Asia exotic naseMelika ethuthukile.
Ensimini yaseRussia kunezinhlobo ezingama-583. Yize ukwehluka nokuchichima, lezi zinambuzane zifundwe kahle ososayensi. Iningi lazo linobukhulu obumaphakathi bamabhungane. Kepha kukhona nemidondoshiya phakathi kwabo. Isibonelo, umgawuli wemithi we-titanium ohlala eNyakatho Melika ufinyelela ku-19-22 cm ubude.
Kunolunye uhlobo olukhulu eNingizimu Melika - umgawuli omkhulu wamazinyo omkhulu waseBrazil, osayizi ka-17-18 cm. Ibhungane elide elivela eFiji lingelesithathu ngobukhulu bamabhungane amakhulu aziwa njengamanje. Usayizi wayo ufinyelela ku-15 cm.
I-Lumberjack bigtooth
Ibhungane elikhulu kunawo wonke aseYurophu njengamanje i-barbel yombazi, cishe lingamasentimitha ayi-6. ERussia, kukhona nommeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo - i-Ussuri relic barbel. Wakhula wafika ku-11 cm.
I-Relic Barbel
Kunemindeni engaphansi kwengu-11 engeye-barbel. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zazo. Amagama abo: i-barbel yangempela, i-lamina, i-barbel, i-parandrina, i-prion barbel, i-spondylidin. AmaLamiinas ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-13,000 zamabhungane, eziningi zazo ezibukeka zinhle ngaphandle. Isibonelo, eminye inemigqa eguqukayo emnyama namabala aluhlaza eceleni kwamaphiko.
Ama-Prionin afaka izinhlobo eziyi-1000. Lesi ngesinye sezimbungulu ezindala kakhulu. Kutholakala yonke indawo emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo ezibandayo. Usayizi wehluke kakhulu, kusuka ku-2 mm kuye ku-178 mm, kepha ikakhulukazi lawa mabhungane amakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike ku-22 cm.
Ipendiwe ngamathoni ansundu, amnyama, nsundu. Kukulo mndeni omncane lapho imidondoshiya phakathi kwamabhungane ingeyayo: umgawuli wezingodo we-titanium, umgawuli wezinkuni omkhulu waseBrazil kanye ne-Ussuri relictjack.
Ama-parandrins anezinhlobo ezingama-50 futhi ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Zithinta umndeni, njengoba zinezimpondo ezimfushane kakhulu, ngakho-ke zikhumbuza kakhulu amabhungane ama-stag. Umbala wezimpiko zazo ezinzima uvame ukuba nsundu ngokubomvu noma mnyama.
IBarbel noma ama-lepturin angumndeni wezinhlobo eziyi-100 nezinhlobo ezingama-2500. Amabhungane amancane, izimpiko zinemibala ngemivimbo ephuzi-mnyama.
Ama-Spondylidins afaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100. Laba ngabamele ubusuku nobusuku. Izintshebe zazo nazo azizide kakhulu, usayizi wazo mncane kunomzimba. Umbala wamaphiko unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama-nsundu.
Lokhu barbel beetle esithombeni ifana nesithombe esivela emifanekisweni yaseGibhithe. Ichazwe kahle kakhulu, kukhona ukuqhamuka phakathi komzimba, amaphiko ane-matte sheen ehloniphekile, efana nevazi lethusi. Intshebe ihlukaniswe, izidladla zinomusa kakhulu. Imodeli nje yengubo yezingalo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-Barbel beetle ihlala khona emhlabeni wonke lapho kunamahlathi khona. Ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kuncike ekutholakaleni kokudla - ikakhulukazi izihlahla. Okuhlukile yi-Arctic ne-Antarctic, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesisekelo sokudla.
Ngendlela yokuphila, zihamba impela. Ziyakhasa, eziningi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinye zazo zingandiza. Uma ucosha ibhungane, likhipha isigaxa sesici. Indlela yabo yokuphila incike kwisimo sezulu nasendaweni abahlala kuyo.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lezi zinambuzane "zithatha amaphiko azo" kusukela phakathi nentwasahlobo. Amabhungane ase-Asia Ephakathi aqala ukundiza esondela ekwindla. Ezinye ziyasebenza emini; zondla kakhulu ngezimbali eziqhubeka emini. Abanye bayasebenza ebusuku. Ukudla kwabo akukufihli ebumnyameni.
Kokubili amabhungane asebusuku nawasemini athola izindawo okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo zokuphumula noma ukukhwelana. Ibanga lendiza nalo linqunywa ngokuya ngosayizi. Lapho ibhungane likhudlwana, lapho lindiza kancane, kulapho likhasa ngokwengeziwe. Baphila impilo eyimfihlo kakhulu. Ukubona ibhungane elidala ehlathini kuyisipho sangempela kudokotela wezinambuzane nokuvusa isazi sehlathi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukuthi, lidliwa yini ibhungane, kuncike endaweni ehlala kuyo. Amabhungane amadala adla ama-pistils kanye ne-stamens yezimbali, amagxolo amancane namaqabunga ezihlahlana nezihlahla. Izingcezu zegxolo eliwile noma elinempilo, ama-petioles, isitshalo sezitshalo, uginindela we-cacti noma ezinye izitshalo - yilokhu ibhungane le-barbel elidla ngakho.
Lokho wukuthi, ibhungane elidala cishe alinabungozi. Kepha Isibungu sebhungane Ingabe isishayo sezihlahla, izakhiwo zamapulangwe nezinto zokhuni. Ziyachuma ezihlahleni futhi zidla ngokhuni, okudala ukulimala okukhulu emahlathini omhlaba.
Amabhungane amaningi ahlukaniswa aba yizinhlobo ngqo ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zezihlahla, abazikhethela ukondla izibungu zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhungane le-oki I-barbel ithanda ukhuni oluqinile, i-oki, isibonelo.
Ingakwazi ukuhlala ezinqoleni ze-oki, kanye nasezindaweni lapho kulinyazwe khona isihlahla. Leli bhungane linobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo, lingama-3 kuye kwayi-6 cm ngombala, limnyama ngebala elinsundu, futhi licwebezela njenge-resin. I-Elytra ibomvu ngokubomvu ekugcineni. Ngaphezu kwe-oki, ukhetha i-beech, i-hornbeam, i-elm, i-walnut ukondla izibungu ezizayo.
IBarbel beetle emnyama, noma uphayini ukhetha ukukhetha ama-conifers. Kubizwa nangokuthi ibhungane lomkhumbi. Isibungu saso sabhubhisa ngokungenakuvinjelwa izakhiwo zomkhumbi eziqediwe, uma zazakhiwe ngophayini abanegciwane. Uyaziphilisa ngokudla impova, izinaliti namaqabunga.
Amabhungane akhetha izihlahla ze-coniferous ngama-clutches awo - i-larch, i-spruce, i-pine, afaka ibhungane elisicaba elinombala onsomi.
Ibhungane elibomvu uqobo lwayo ludla amagxolo athambile ezihlahla ezincane, izinaliti ezisencane ezithambile. Kodwa isibungu saso silimaza izihlahla cishe ngezinga lezimboni. Baqhubeka nokucekela phansi izinkuni, ngisho nokuvunwa nokusikwa ukuze kusetshenziswe. Bathanda nokuhlala eduze komuntu, bacekela phansi izakhiwo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Yonke inqubo yokuzalanisa yenzeka endaweni ethulile nenokuthula, kwenye indawo ephakeme. Phezulu kwesihlahla, ophahleni. Kwabesifazane, kukhishwa uketshezi olukhethekile (imfihlo), oluheha umlingani. Ukukhwelana kuthatha imizuzu engama-30. Owesifazane othola ukunakwa uhlala ngaphansi kokuvikelwa nokuqondiswa kowesilisa, ohamba naye kuze kuvele amaqanda.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, owesilisa uyafa, kanti insikazi iyasinda ukuze izalele amaqanda. Ibhungane lensikazi lizalela amaqanda afika ku-100 emifantwini yezihlahla nasezingxenyeni zokhuni. Ukhetha indawo yamatshe ngephunga. Njengoba isidale i-clutch, lesi sinambuzane asibonisi ukunakekela okwengeziwe ngenzalo.
Izibungu zivela emaqandeni, bese kuba iziphungumangathi, bese kuthi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa zidle imigudu yesihlahla bese zikhasa ziphume. Izibungu ngokwazo, ezikhulayo, cishe zifinyelela kubude bebhungane endala. Umjikelezo wonke wokuphila uqukethe izigaba eziningana: iqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi, imago.
Kwesinye isikhathi amabhungane amade alungiselela indawo kusengaphambili ukuze ondle futhi athuthukise izibungu ezizayo. Bakhetha izihlahla ezincane, badle amagxolo azungeze umjikelezo ngendlela yendandatho, eduze kwempande. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla siqala ukufa kancane. Futhi izibungu ezibambezelekile ziqedela inqubo ebhubhisayo.
Zenza umsindo omkhulu njengoba ziluma ezinkuni. Kwesinye isikhathi ehlathini elomile, ungezwa lo msindo wesici. Izibungu ziqinile kakhulu. Babekezelela noma yiziphi izimo ezingezinhle, bahlala ezihlahleni ezomile futhi ezingenamsoco kangako iminyaka eminingi.
Banombala okhanyayo womzimba, kusuka kokumhlophe kuye ophuzi. Umzimba ngokwawo uthambile, ucabalele kancane, une-cephalothorax eyenziwe kahle. Inemihlathi eqonde phambili enamandla enamandla engenza imisebenzi yokusika nokuhlafuna.
Isikhathi sokuphila somuntu omdala sifushane. Ibhungane liphuma kuphungunyane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, noma ngabe kulokhu isibungu kufanele sibe nesikhathi sokufunda. Uma kukude nentwasahlobo, isiphungumangathi sizigaxa enkabeni yesihlahla nge-drill, bese silala ubusuku bonke, silinde ukuqala kokushisa.
Izinzuzo nokulimaza abantu
Lapho isibungu siphuma, kuba khona imbobo esihlahleni, lapho kuthululwa khona usawusi omncane. Ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi leli bhungane eliyingozi lihlala kuphi. Kwesinye isikhathi badla izinkuni kusuka ngaphakathi kuze kube seboleni ngokuphelele, bese iyawa.
Amanye amabhungane, njenge-brownie barbel, abe omakhelwane abangathandeki babantu. Zingajwayelekile emvelweni, kepha zizizwa zizinhle ezindlini zokhuni. Izinto zokwakhiwa kwendlu, phansi, amafreyimu enziwe ngokhuni, izingodo nophahla - konke kungalimala uma lesi sinambuzane siqala. Zibeka ama-grub aqeda yonke into ngokhuni.
Ngisho nefenisha, imibhede, amatafula nezitulo kungahlupheka endaweni enjalo. Ngokuhlakanipha amabhungane abekela amaqanda awo ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo - imifantu ejulile yemikhiqizo yokhuni. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, kuvela izibungu kubo, eziqala umsebenzi wazo ongabonakali wokubhubhisa. Uma ungazicubunguli lezi zinto ngesikhathi, ngemuva kwesikhashana yonke into izophenduka uthuli.
Kukhona, nokho, abantu bodwa bokhuni bokugawula izinkuni abangenabungozi, kepha, kunalokho, bayazuzisa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-barbel beetle grey akulimazi kangako ehlathini. Ithinta kuphela izihlahla ezindala nezifa, ezisheshisa ukuguqulwa kwezinkuni ezikhululekile ziye kwi-humus. Amabhungane amaningi asebenza njengabavundisi bezitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali, azuzise ngaphezu kwezingcolisa impova.
Ungayisusa kanjani i-barbel
IBarbel beetle ekhaya - esinye sezitha ezimbi kakhulu zomuntu, uma kungenjalo okuyingozi kakhulu. Iziphungumangathi zayo ziqinile, zinamandla futhi azitholakali ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi eminye imithetho, ungasusa kanjani ibhunganeukuze singashiywa dengwane.
- Lapho ukhetha izinkuni, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi ngabe iphethwe yini ngesinqandakuvunda.
- Lapho wakha isakhiwo, sebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhethekile yokuqedela ukhuni nge-antiseptic. Bazovimbela amabhungane ukuthi ahlasele.
- Uma unezimbungulu, qiniseka ukuthi wenza ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okuphuthumayo. Lokhu bromomethyl, zinc chloride, mercuric chloride. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucubungula okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngonyaka. Izibungu ziyaqina, ukuvimbela kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inqubo kumele yenziwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezinsizakalo ezifanele. Kungcono ukubiza ongoti abavela esiteshini sanitary kanye epidemiological ngale njongo.
Udinga futhi ukuxhumana nabachwepheshe uma unquma ukwenza i-fumigation kusuka kubhungane, ukwelashwa ngegesi enobuthi noma ukufakwa kwezithiyo ezinobuthi. Zonke lezi zindlela zidinga ukucophelela kochwepheshe.
Ukwelashwa ungakwenza nge-steam esomile noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubanda. Lezi zindlela kuphela okunzima ukuzisebenzisa ekhaya. Futhi abaphephile. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, futhi kuphela ezindaweni eziqokiwe.
Indlela yesimanjemanje yokususa amabhungane asekhaya yi-microwave irradiation. Idivayisi ekhethekile ishisa izinkuni ngisho nasezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, icekele izibungu. Ubuhle bale ndlela ukuphepha kwabantu nezinhlaka. Kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye izingxenye ezithintekile kube lula ukuzisika bese zifaka ezinye ngezingxenye ezintsha, ezingalimele nezicutshunguliwe.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Yize imihlathi enamandla enamandla okugaya ipensela, ukulunywa ibhungane akuyona ingozi kubantu. Akakwazi ukumlimaza kakhulu.
- Ibhungane elidala, ngisho nangosayizi omkhulu, alidli kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi uphila kuphela ngenxa yezinqolobane ayeziqongelela njengesibungu. Abesifazane badla abesilisa abaningi ukuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda okujwayelekile.
- Ensimini yayo, insikazi ngokuvamile ayinazo izimbangi. Ifihla i-pheromone ekhethekile eheha abesilisa futhi isabise ezinye izinsikazi.
- Ibhungane elikhulile lihlala isikhathi esisodwa sehlobo, isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezingama-2-3, kanti isibungu sikhulu kakhulu, iminyaka, kwezinye izinhlobo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.
- Abanye ababikezela ikusasa babikezela ukuthi ngokuzayo sizodla izinkuni. Uma ufunda futhi usebenzisa uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwe-barbel beetle, kungenzeka lokhu. Amathumbu ayo ahlinzekwa ngamagciwane akhethekile aguqula i-cellulose ibe ama-carbohydrate agaya kalula. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izibungu zicubungula la mabhaktheriya, zithola izakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe kuwo. Ukukhiqizwa okungenamfucuza.
- Kungabonakala njengokungajwayelekile, kepha hhayi izimvemvane nezinyosi, kepha ibhungane le-barbel lixhunyaniswe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Bachitha iningi lempilo yabo emfushane ngezimbali. Futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, zimpova indawo enkulu. Ngenxa yokuthanda kwakhe ukunambitheka, ezinye izitshalo zisindile futhi zasinda emvelweni.
