Abanduleli bemikhumbi yempi yanamuhla kwakuyizilwane zasendulo ezazihlala emhlabeni eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule. Zazihluka ngamapharamitha azo, enye yezinkulu kunazo zonke ingaqhathaniswa nendlovu, kanti lezo ezazincane zazilingana nenkomo. Isimanje umkhumbi wempi, ngisho nomuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke, unamapharamitha amancane kakhulu. Ubude obungaba ngu-1.5 m, isisindo esingeqile kuma-60 kg.
Incazelo nezici
I-Armadillo, isilwane, ethola igama layo kushell emboze umzimba. Kwakungalezikhali, eziqukethe amapuleti amathambo, ezavumela okhokho babo basendulo ukuthi basinde.
Ama-Armadillos angaphansi kokuhleleka kwezilwane, okuhlanganisa abamele bayo ngesakhiwo esikhethekile samazinyo, futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhleleka okuhle. Okwamanje, inezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi amabili zalabo bantu kanye nohlobo lwe-9, ezihlanganiswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- Bristly;
- Okuqinile-Panzer;
- Ibhola;
- Okukhulu;
- Kumenyezelwe.
Bonke abantu bayizilwane ezixakile ezinezifonyo ezinde nezindlebe ezinkulu ezimile. Igobolondo eliqinile livikela ngokwethembeka ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wesilwane; liqukethe amapuleti aqinile ambozwe ungqimba lwesikhumba lwe-keratinized.
Konke lokhu kusiza ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Amapuleti nawo atholakala emahlombe nasezinqeni. Ngemuva, aqukethe amabhande, phakathi kwawo kukhona ungqimba olunesikhumba oluvumela izilwane ukuba zizigoqe ebholeni uma kwenzeka ingozi.
Inhloko, iziqongo zemilenze nomsila ngokuvamile nazo zivikelwe ngezembatho zempi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye ebucayi kakhulu yesilwane yingxenye engezansi yomzimba, enezinwele ezimhlophe kuphela.
Imilenze yangaphambili neyangemuva ineminwe esukela kwemithathu kuye kwemihlanu kanye nezinzipho ezinkulu ezibukhali ezisiza izilwane ukumba phansi, zivule izintuthwane neziduli zomuhlwa. Izilwane azinamehlo amahle kakhulu futhi azihlukanisi nhlobo imibala, kodwa zinomqondo othuthuke ngokwanele wephunga nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu.
Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni abamele uhlobo oluthile, kanye nokuthola imininingwane mayelana nokulungela kobulili obuhlukile ukukhiqiza kabusha. Umbala wegobolondo uncike ohlotsheni lwe-armadillo futhi ungasuka emthunzini ophuzi noma okhanyayo ngokukhanyayo uye kumathoni ansundu ngokubomvana.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zilwane zomndeni wakwa-Armadillo, phakathi kwazo:
1. I-head-tailed - lolu hlobo lusayizi oluphakathi, ubude bomzimba bungaba ngu-35-80 cm, isisindo somzimba - 36-40 kg. Isici esivelele sezinhlobo ngumsila wesilwane; akuvikelwe ngamathambo.
Isikhathi sokuphila endaweni engokwemvelo siyiminyaka eyishumi nanye, futhi izinga lokusinda ekuthunjweni liphansi kakhulu. Izilwane zinomlomo obanzi onamadlebe aqondile. Isitho ngasinye sineminwe emi-5, nesiphakathi sikhulu kakhulu kunezinye. Umzimba umbozwe amapuleti angu-9-13 ahambayo. Umbala umnyama, ucishe ube mnyama.
2. Amabhande ayisishiyagalolunye - izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu nezifundwe kahle. IHabitat - ebanzi, ayisatshalaliswanga kuphela e-United States, kodwa naseMexico. Isilwane sizivumelanisa ngokuphelele nemvelo, ngakho-ke sitholakala yonke indawo.
Uthanda ukumba izimbobo osebeni lomfula eduze kwezihlahla eziluhlaza nezihlahla, uyakwazi ukubhukuda amabanga amafushane. Ngalesi sici ibizwa ngokuthi ulwandle lwempi, isilwane Ungabamba umoya wakhe kuze kube yimizuzu engu-5-7.
3. I-Bristly - isici sesici sincane, ubude bomzimba abuvamile ukudlula amasentimitha angama-45. Isisindo - 3.5-3 kg, isikhathi sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10. Umzimba umbozwe izigaxa eziyimbudumbudu futhi unenani elikhulu lezinwele. Isilwane sinombala onsundu okhanyayo. Kubonakala phakathi nesikhathi sasemini nasebusuku. Ziphila ngokudla isidumbu, izikelemu nezinambuzane. Zizala amahlandla ama-2 ngonyaka, ukukhulelwa kuyinyumba.
4. Giant or giant - ubude bomzimba buyi-1 m, futhi umsila ungama-cm 50. Isisindo sifinyelela kuma-60 kg, isilwane sinomlomo ofana neshubhu nezindlebe ezibanzi, futhi inani lamazinyo angenazimpande lifinyelela kuma-PC ayi-100. Kutholakala emadlelweni avulekile, ama-savanna namahlathi.
5. Ifrijiwe - ivame ukutholakala enkabeni ye-Argentina, eBolivia, eChile. Zihlala emadlelweni omile anezihlahla ezinameva. Kuyasebenza ebumnyameni. Umuntu ovuthiwe ngokocansi unobude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila ka-10 cm, umsila - 2-3 cm kufanekiswa umkhumbi wempi ubukeka emncane futhi engenakuzivikela.
Imibala yayo isukela kumathoni abomvana abomvana kuya kumithunzi egqamile emnyama. Isisindo - 80-90 gr., Ikhanda elincane, i-oblong kanye nama-forelimbs aqinile aguqulelwe ngokuphelele ukumba izimbobo. Isilwane sichitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi komhlaba. Lolu hlobo lusongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Futhi kunezinhlobo zemifino, usayizi womzimba wazo ungama-26-35 cm, isisindo cishe siyi-1 kg. Izilwane cishe zihlala zodwa, kuyaqabukela ukuzibona ziseqenjini elincane, zivukile futhi zivame ukuzingela emini. Zihlala enhlabathini efudumele enesihlabathi futhi zimba imigodi emincane. Ngezikhathi eziyingozi, lesi silwane siqina siqonde emhlabathini bese sicindezela izitho zaso egobolondweni.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezinto aliziqondi kahle ososayensi. Ubuningi bezilwane busebusuku, kepha umsebenzi ungahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu kanye neminyaka ye-armadillo. Amajuba angaphuma emigodini ekuseni kakhulu noma eduze nesikhathi sesidlo sasemini. Ngenkathi ebandayo, izilwane nazo ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku.
Izilwane zikhetha ukuhlala zodwa futhi ziyahlangana ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Ingxenye enkulu yosuku ichithwa emigodini, kuthi ebusuku ziyodla. Zihamba kancane nangokucophelela, zivame ukuma ukuhogela umoya.
Ukuhamba kwabo kubukeka kukuxakile. Imilenze yangemuva ihlala enyaweni, kuthi imilenze yangaphambi kwezinsipho zezinzipho. Igobolondo elisindayo futhi liphazamisa ukuhamba ngokushesha, kepha uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidliwayo, ziyakwazi ukukhula ngesivinini futhi zicashe ngokushesha emgodini noma ehlathini elicinene.
Ama-Armadillos avame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezahlukahlukene: izimpisi, ama-coyotes, amabhere, ama-lynx nama-jaguar. Abantu bayazizingela futhi, izilwane ziyaqothulwa ngenxa yenyama yethenda, enambitheka njengengulube negobolondo eliqinile eliyingqayizivele, isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinsimbi zomculo zomculo.
Izwe lakubo lesilwane yiLatin America, kepha yempi yempi ehlala khona futhi eNingizimu, Ephakathi naseNyakatho Melika naseMexico. Emazweni amaningi, lesi silwane singaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni, kanti izinhlobo eziningana zibhalwe ngisho naseRed Book, kepha naphezu kwalokhu ziyaqhubeka nokuqothulwa. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezinkulu, eseziyivelakancane kakhulu. Esitsheni, ungabona abantu abancane, kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-80 cm ubude.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Singazibiza ngokuqiniseka lezi zilwane ngokuthi ama-omnivore. Ukudla kwabo kususelwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene kanye nezibungu, kepha ama-armadillos nawo angadla ukudla kwezitshalo noma izidumbu. Izintuthwane nomuhlwa kubhekwa njengesibiliboco esikhethekile; izilwane ziyamba ngemidladla yazo eminyene.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zingakwazi ngisho ukuphula iziphunzi noma iziduli zomuhlwa, bese zilanda inyamazane ngolimi lwazo olude. Ngenxa yezindlala ezinkulu ezakha amathe emihlathini engezansi futhi efinyelela ku-sternum, ulimi luhlala lumbozwe ngamafinyila. Ngesinye isikhathi, isilwane sidla izinambuzane ezifika ku-35,000.
Ama-Armadillos awasabi ukulunywa yizintuthwane, aqothula iziduli futhi adle izibungu. Ngenxa yomuzwa wabo wephunga othuthuke kahle, banuka isisulu ngisho nangaphansi komhlaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zondla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezincane phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele futhi zingadla nezithelo. Kwesinye isikhathi zigcwalisa ukudla kwazo ngamaqanda ezinyoni akha izidleke phansi.
Ososayensi abakwazi ukuthola ngokuqinisekile ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-armadillo lunamazinyo amangaki. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imihlathi yabo ayinamandla amakhulu, futhi amazinyo abo angavamile anjengezikhonkwane futhi awambozwa ngoqweqwe lwawo.
Lesi sakhiwo sichazwa ukuthi izilwane zidla ukudla okuthambile, okugaywa esiswini, ingxenye engaphambili yayo imbozwe amapuleti aqinile. Amazinyo anempande eyodwa futhi akhula kuyo yonke impilo yesilwane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba ama-armadillos engaphansi kweqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo, angamakhehla. I-placenta yakhiwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngayo izakhi zingena emzimbeni wombungu, amangqamuzana agcwele umoya-mpilo futhi kwenziwa ama-hormone anesibopho sokukhula kombungu.
Isikhathi sokukhwela siwela ngenkathi efudumele, imvamisa ngoJulayi, ngalesi sikhathi abesifazane bakulungele ngokomzimba ukukhwelana. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngokocansi futhi imvamisa iqanda elilodwa kuphela elikhulelwayo.
Esigabeni sokuqala, umbungu uhlala esibelethweni cishe izinyanga ezingama-3-3.5, bese kumiliselwa bese umbungu ukhula ezinye izinyanga ezi-4. Ukufakelwa okulibazisekile kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusinda okuhle kwenzalo.
Amathole azalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, akhule kahle futhi angahamba ngokuzimela emahoreni ambalwa emva kokuzalwa. I-carapace yezingane ithambile, futhi kuphela lapho kuqala ukuthomba lapho iba lukhuni khona.
Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zihlala nomama wazo, ozondla ngobisi lwebele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amawundlu asevele esekhulile ayawushiya umgodi bese eqala ukuba ngumpetha wokudla kwabantu abadala. Ukuthuthukiswa kuqedwa ngokuphelele ngeminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, kuya ngobulili.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane sihluka kusuka eminyakeni engu-7 kuye kwengu-20, futhi izinga lokusinda ekuthunjweni liphakeme kunezimo zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasha banezinga eliphansi lokusinda. Ukusinda emvelweni kuthonywe yizici ezilandelayo:
- Izimo zezulu - isomiso, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi angadala ukufa kwezilwane ezisencane.
- Izilo ezizingelayo ziyinto ebalulekile ekhulisa izinga lokufa kwamawundlu anegobolondo elithambile nokuntuleka kokuqina ngokomzimba.
- Izifo - Ukutheleleka kunciphisa kakhulu ukusinda.
Iqiniso lokuthi abantu bayazizingela futhi bacekele phansi izindawo zabo zokuhlala libuye linciphise kakhulu ubukhulu besikhathi sabantu nempilo yabo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nempi yempi
I-armadillo yezilwane yaseMelika ingcebo yangempela yamaqiniso amangalisayo:
- Balala kuze kufike emahoreni angu-14-19 ngosuku.
- Babona konke okumnyama nokumhlophe.
- Bayakwazi ukubamba umoya, ngenxa yokuthi bacasha ngezilwane ezizingelayo ezansi echibini, abahamba ngazo ngezinyawo.
- Yizona kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo ezinesifo sochoko.
- Abasabi abantu, futhi bangakhwela ezindlini befuna ukudla.
- Abesifazane ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle bangabambezela ukukhula kokukhulelwa.
- Lapho isilwane simba umgodi, asiphefumuli ukuze umhlaba ungangeni emgudwini wokuphefumula.
- Abantu abadala banomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga; bayakwazi ukuhogela inyamazane noma ibanga elingu-10-15 cm ngaphansi komhlaba.
- Ubude bezinzipho emunweni ophakathi we-giant armadillo bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-18. Lesi silwane sikwazi ukudabula amagxolo ezihlahla eziqinile nezindunduma zomuhlwa lapho sifuna ukudla.
- Izinzuzo zama-armadillos zingaphezu kokulimaza. Bacekela phansi izinambuzane zezolimo.
- Imigodi yezilwane ingajula ngokwanele, futhi ifinyelele kumamitha ayi-5-7, inamagatsha ahlukahlukene nezindima, futhi phansi kwendlu kumbozwe ngamahlamvu omile.
- Abesilisa, abakhombisa ukuphakama kwabo kunabobulili obuhlukile, bangahlela izimpi. Bazama ukungqongqoza umphikisi emhlane wakhe ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezingavikelekile kakhulu.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-bristly armadillo yakha indawo yayo yokuhlala hhayi ngosizo lwezinzipho ezibukhali, kepha ngekhanda layo. Isilwane siyifaka emhlabathini bese siqala ukujika, kube sengathi siyasikena. Ngakho-ke, akagcini ngokumba umgodi, kepha futhi uthola ukudla ngasikhathi sinye.
