Ummeleli womndeni omkhulu we-salmon, inhlanzi peled noma ushizi kuyinto yokudoba amateur nokudoba ngezinga lezimboni, nokuzalanisa ezimweni zamapulazi ezinhlanzi.
Incazelo nezici
UPeled - izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile zohlobo lwe-whitefish yomndeni wama-salmon, ngombala onsundu ngombala nge-metallic sheen, kanti ngemuva kwenhlanzi kucishe kube mnyama. Kukhona i-hump ekhangayo ngenhla kwekhanda. Isiphetho nenhloko yangemuva kunamachashazi amnyama.
Umhlathi ongenhla ulenga kancane ngaphezu kwaleyo engezansi. Lesi sici sokwakheka kanye nenani elikhulu lama-gill rakers lenza ukuthi ngokuzethemba kukhethwe ushizi phakathi kwabanye abamele izinhlanzi ezimhlophe. Umzimba we-peled unesimo esiphakeme, esicwecwe kusuka ezinhlangothini.
Amaphiko atholakala kuma-gill slits kanye nomsila kwesinye isikhathi angaba nombala obomvu. Njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni wama-salmon, ipeled ine-adipose fin ngemuva kwayo ngasemsileni. Izikali zilingana ngokuqinile emzimbeni wenhlanzi.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana nangenkathi yokuzala, umbala woshizi uyakhanya, ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanda nasemhlane. Esigabeni sokuzalela okusebenzayo, ama-tubercles amhlophe e-epithelial akhiwa kulo lonke ubude bezinhlangothi zeshizi. Abadobi bawabiza ngokuthi amaparele, ahlehliswa lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuzala. UPeled esithombeni Ingabe isibonelo esicacile soshintsho olunjalo lombala.
Isisindo senhlanzi esimaphakathi cishe singama-500-700 g, yize kunezinhlobo ezifika ku-5 kg ngesisindo nengxenye yemitha ubude. Ushizi uphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi -10. Abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-13. Indawo yemvelo yepeled itholakala emanzini ase-Amur nasemifuleni eholela e-Arctic Ocean.
UPeled utholakele echibini elisenyakatho yendawo yase-Eurasia - kusukela eKolyma empumalanga kuya eMezen entshonalanga. Futhi, ushizi uvame ukutholakala emifuleni yaseCentral Russia nasezifundeni eziseningizimu yeSiberia, lapho kuhlala khona abantu ngokungeyikho. Umfula i-Ob uhlala abantu abaningi kakhulu be-peled.
Izinhlobo zePeled
Ichthyology ihlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-peled:
- umfula - uchitha impilo yawo emifuleni, ubonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila;
- ichibi elijwayelekile - lihlala emachibini, ngaphandle kokushiya imingcele yedamu lomdabu lapho lazalelwa khona;
- i-lacustrine emifushane - ihlala emachibini amancane ane-plankton empofu, ikhula kancane, ingafinyeleli amanani wesisindo aphakathi nendawo.
Izimo zomfula nezinhlobo ezivamile zamachibi zikhula ngamasentimitha angama-50-60 ubude futhi zifinyelela isisindo esimaphakathi esingu-2-3 kg, kwesinye isikhathi nangaphezulu. Ifomu le-lacustrine elincane le-peled alifinyeleli ngisho naku-0.5 kg.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ichibi peled lithanda amanzi amile, amachibi nezindawo zokugcina amanzi lapho kungekho khona amandla asheshayo. Lesi sici senhlanzi senza ukuzalanisa kube lula. Izinhlobo zomfula ezibhekene zenza ukufuduka okude eceleni kwemibhede yemifula. UPeled akabhukudi olwandle, yize ngezikhathi ezithile ehlangana nemisinga enosawoti omncane weKara Bay.
UPeled uzizwa ekhululekile emachibini afakiwe, athanda ukusetshenziswa kwawo ekudobeni amachibi. Ushizi awuziboni izimo zokuphila. Ibekezelela ngisho namanzi afudumele ngokuthula, kepha amanzi afanelekile akufanele abe ngaphezu kwama-22 degrees.
Ama-cheesecake azama ukuhlala emihlambini, izilwane ezincane zihlala emanzini asogwini ngezimila ze-benthic. Abanye abantu abanamandla bahlukana nomhlambi ngesikhathi esifudumele sasehlobo futhi bathola isiphephelo ekujuleni.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-lacustrineumfula peled ungena emanzini aminyene ama-deltas, kepha akafinyeleli olwandle, ngakho-ke khuluma ngefomu Peled ulwandle - iphutha, ngoba ushizi ungumhlali wakudala wamanzi ahlanzekile.
Entwasahlobo, lapho izindawo ezinkulu ze-Arctic zigcwala amanzi, izinhlanzi zigijimela ngobuningi ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula, lapho zithola khona inqwaba yokudla. Ushizi ujwayele ukuthola imifula neminsalo, lapho ukudla okuningi kukuqoqelela khona entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, lapho amanzi ehlehla, abuyela ezinqolobaneni zawo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
UPeled udla ama-crustaceans amancane kanye ne-zooplankton. Lapho ukudla okunjalo kunyamalala, ushizi uya ekudleni kwezinambuzane, izimpethu, imisundu yegazi, ama-amphipods, ama-gammarids.
UPeled — inhlanzi ezidla ezinye, ukudla kwakhe kufaka ama-mollusk nezinye izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke kukhona amathuba okuthi izibungu zingene emzimbeni wakhe kanye nokudla. Ukuthambekela kokuhlasela koshizi ngezibungu kunquma indawo okuhlala kuyo.
Ubeka engcupheni yokutheleleka lapho esemanzini afanayo nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-carp, ezaziwa njengezithwali zezinto eziphilayo zezinambuzane. Ukuhlukanisa iqiniso lokutheleleka akunzima.
Izibungu zezibungu zibukeka njengezigaxa zezinhlamvu ezimhlophe ezifana nelayisi. Ngokungabaza okuncane ukuthi inhlanzi ithelelekile, kufanele wenqabe ukuyidla. Lapho zingena emzimbeni womuntu, izikelemu esikhathini esifushane zifinyelela izicubu zesibindi nenyongo, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda ngokushesha.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kusukela esigabeni sefry kuya kumuntu omdala inhlanzi peled kukhula kungakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha, kepha, ukuthomba kuqedwa ezinhlotsheni zemifula eneminyaka emithathu, ezinhlotsheni zechibi - ngeminyaka engu-5-7. UPeled uphila iminyaka eyi-8-11. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziya kuzala lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni eyisithupha.
Ukuze ikhiqize kabusha, idinga izindawo ezizolile ezinamanzi amile. Isikhathi sokuzala siwela ekuqaleni kwekwindla, eminyakeni ethile ekuqaleni kobusika, lapho iqhwa livela emanzini echibi. Ngakho-ke, izimo zezulu zinquma isikhathi sokuqala esidala, esingaqala ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba.
Izindawo ezifanele zokuzalela i-lacustrine peled kuzoba yizindawo lapho kuphuma khona iziphethu, futhi kube ngumfula, indawo engaphansi kwamanzi enetshe eliyisisekelo noma elinesihlabathi kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokugeleza kwamanzi. Ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwepeled kufaka ukufudumeza amanzi angabi ngaphezu kwamadigri ayi-8, eduze kakhulu ne-zero.
I-peled yesifazane ingazala amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-80 cishe u-1.5 mm ububanzi, aphuzi, afana nombala wamatshe amancane. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, izibungu zifinyelela ku-7-8 mm ubude bomzimba.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili, sezivele zizama ukudla i-zooplankton. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuye kweziyisi-8, iqanda elichanyuselwa ngenkathi kuqala ukukhukhuleka kweqhwa. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwesikhwama se-yolk, intsha iphakelwa ngokuphelele ku-zooplankton.
Intengo
Ngokwesiko, intengo yezinhlanzi zamanzi angenasawoti iyisilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu kunaleso sezinhlanzi zasolwandle, okuyimpikiswano enamandla yokunquma ukuthi iyiphi inhlanzi - i-nautical noma umfula - khetha kuqala.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinhlanzi zemifula, kufaka phakathi umfula peled, inani elifanayo lokudla okunomsoco enyameni yenkukhu futhi kubhekwa njengomthombo ocebile wamaprotheni omzimba. Futhi inyama eboshiwe inezimfanelo eziphakeme ze-gastronomic, ithambile, cishe ngaphandle kwamathambo, iyanambitheka njengenyama ye-omul, iyasiza kakhulu, njengenyama yayo yonke i-salmon.
Inyama futhi peled caviar aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okunempilo kohlelo lwezinzwa, umgudu wamathumbu, uhlelo lwezinhliziyo, okuthinta ngenqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamaseli emzimbeni:
- i-chromium - inikeza ukuzinza kwamazinga kashukela ejwayelekile egazini;
- i-potassium - igcina ithoni yemisipha yenhliziyo;
- i-phosphorus - ivamisa imisebenzi yohlelo lokuzala;
- i-calcium - inomthelela omuhle ezicutshini zamathambo nezamazinyo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile inyama eboshiwe ekudleni kuthuthukisa ukuhlushwa, kuqeda izimpawu zokukhathala okungapheli, kukhuthaza ukulala okunempilo, kukhuthaza ukuqedwa kokubonakaliswa kokucindezeleka nokucasuka, ukulwa nokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwethambo lamathumbu, kuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba nezinwele.
Ushizi ungathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile zezinhlanzi noma ezitolo ezinkulu. Imvamisa lapho kuthengiswa izinhlanzi zethulwa ngendlela efriziwe, ebhemayo noma eyomisiwe.
Intengo kaPeled kuya ngohlobo lokucubungula, nobukhulu: ama-specimens amakhulu anenani elingaphezu kwelincane. EMoscow, inani lentengo elilinganisiwe lekhilogremu elilodwa le-peled liyashintshashintsha cishe ama-ruble angama-200-400:
- peled omisiwe - ruble 375 kg ngayinye;
- ngabhema peled - ruble 375 kg ngayinye;
- i-peled efriziwe entsha - ama-ruble angama-215 ngekg.
Futhi badla i-peled caviar, equkethe zonke izinto eziwusizo ngendlela egxilile. Intengo yokuthengisa yethini elingu-450 gram likasawoti omncane ka-peled caviar ingama-ruble ayi-900-1000.
Ukubamba peled
Ngaphandle kokuthi ushizi uyinhlobo yezentengiselwano ebalulekile, umthamo wokubamba kwawo awunakubizwa ngokuthi mkhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zikhetha imizimba yamanzi ezindaweni ezikude nezinabantu abambalwa, futhi kwezinye izimo azihlali nhlobo ezifundeni ezisenyakatho.
Ukubamba peled eqhutshwa eduze kwamadolobhana namadolobhana ambalwa e-Arctic. Emuva ezikhathini zeSoviet, ukubanjwa kwepeled kwakungafinyeleli ngokuphelele kumathani ayi-200 ngonyaka, futhi okwamanje leli nani lincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukukhuluma ngokudoba kwezimboni ushizi. UPeled uyinto enhle yokudoba imidlalo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yezwe.
Ngibamba peled ingakhiqizwa unyaka wonke. Azizwa engakhululeki ngenxa yokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo osemanzini, okunikela enhlalakahleni yakhe sonke isikhathi sokubanda. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, lapho izinqolobane zokudla seziphelile, izinhlanzi zibhukuda ziye phezulu emanzini ngaphansi kweqhwa kakhulu, okwandisa kakhulu ubungozi bokuba yisisulu somdobi.
Izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokubamba ushizi ekwindla, ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Ehlobo, ukudoba kuthikamezeka ngokuba khona kwenani elanele lokudla kwemvelo echibini. Kodwa-ke, ukudoba kungaba yinselele kwezinye izikhathi zonyaka. Uma kungekho plankton, izinhlanzi zizoshintshela ekudleni izinto eziphilayo ze-benthic, futhi izingibe ezijwayelekile ngeke zisaba nentshisekelo kuzo.
I-peled inamahloni, ngakho-ke ukuthula yisimo esihle sokuyibamba, ngenkathi ukusakaza kufanele kwenziwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukuthi i-angler ikhethe izinhlamvu ezihlangana ngombala nezwe elizungezile.
Ukuchaphazeleka kwamanzi nemibuthano ekhethekile kuzosiza ekutholeni indawo yezinhlanzi. Kukholelwa ukuthi uma ushizi ungaveli kungakapheli ihora, kusho ukuthi awukho nhlobo, futhi kufanelekile ukufuna enye indawo.
Ebusika, ungasebenzisa induku ejwayelekile yokudoba, futhi ehlobo kuzosebenza kahle ukusebenzisa induku yokudada ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isinki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadobi abanolwazi basebenzisa ukudotshwa kwepeled fly ukudoba ngenduku yamamitha ama-5, izinhlanzi nezimbungulu.
Ukulunywa koshizi kufana nejezi elibukhali. Izibonelo ezinkulu kungaba nzima ukuzidlala. Lapha, ukuqapha kuyadingeka lapho uxhuma, ngoba izindebe zepeled zithambile, futhi zingaphuka kalula futhi ziye ekujuleni. Kulokhu, kufanele uzame ukuhlangana ngokunyakaza okucijile okufushane.
Lapho kudotshwa ushizi, kusetshenziswa umugqa onobubanzi obungu-0.2 mm, ingwegwe ikhethwa ngaphansi kwenombolo yesi-4 noma engu-5. Ukudoba ku-peled, i-pobradok iyasiza - induku ejwayelekile engaba imitha ubude, lapho umugqa wamamitha ayi-3-4 unamathiselwe ngamabhande amabili noma amathathu ngaphandle kwe-float nosinki.
Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Umdobi wehlela ezansi futhi uzama ukudaka amanzi, njengoba amanzi anodaka edonsela ushizi. Inhlanzi inethemba lokuthola ukudla efwini eliguqubele. Ukuqaphela ukuheha, ipeled iyakubamba.
Futhi abadobi, ngokubamba izintshebe zabo eduze kwezinyawo zabo, bathola kalula. Ukugeleza komfula kususa isiheho, ngakho-ke ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele kubuyiswe emuva. Cishe ngemuva kwekota yehora lokudoba okunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuhamba amamitha amaningana ngenhla komfula bese uphinda inqubo.
Ehlobo, abadobi basebenzisa ngempumelelo izikelemu zomhlaba, izimvukuzane noma izikelemu zegazi ukuzithiba. Impethu ayisebenzi kangako, kepha kwesinye isikhathi iyasetshenziswa futhi. UPeled uthanda ukuhlala ebangeni elicishe libe imitha nohhafu ukusuka phansi.
Ebusika, kuzosebenza kahle ukufaka ama-bait bukhoma nge-jig. Ungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokudoba ebusika ngosizo lwemigodi enethunzi: izingcweti ezinolwazi zimboza indilinga lomgodi ngeqhwa ukuze isithunzi esivela kushaft yeqhwa sigubuzele indawo esemgodini.
Isembozo seqhwa sakhiwe cishe imitha elilodwa ukuphakama. Isithiyelo sibekwa cishe ngo-5 cm ohlangothini lwesendlalelo seqhwa lapho sihlangana khona namanzi. Uma leli qhinga lingasebenzi, ungazama ukwehlisa isithiyelo ekujuleni okuphakathi, noma ukusibeka ngqo ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ngaphezu kokudoba ezimweni zemvelo, ushizi unentshisekelo njengechibi lokudoba lokuzalisa emapulazini. Ikhiqizwa eCentral Russia, enyakatho nasenkabeni yeYurophu, ngisho nase-Asia Ephakathi.
