Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezaziwayo ezisakazeke ezifundeni eziningi, abanye abalimi bezinkukhu nabo bagcina ezingajwayelekile ezahlukile kunenqubo eyamukelwa ngokuvamile. Izinkukhu holosheyki - uhlobo oludala, kepha olungajwayelekile, olunokubukeka okumangazayo.
Bayigcina ikakhulukazi njengokuhlobisa, yize ibalulekile njengeqanda nenyama eyodwa. Abafuyi bezinkukhu abanentshisekelo ezinkukhu ezinqunu bazodinga imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nezici zabo, mayelana nokugcina, ukondla izinyoni ezincane nezindala, nokuzalanisa.
Umsuka nezici ezihlukile
Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlobo zezinkukhu holosheyka yavela okokuqala eSpain, kepha yafika eRussia isuka eRomania, lapho yayikhuliswa khona kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Kungakho elinye igama leholoshek izinkukhu zaseTransylvanian.
Isici esivelele sohlobo ukungabi bikho kophaphe entanyeni nasesibhakabhakeni. Lokhu kungumphumela wokuguqulwa kwesakhi sofuzo esibhekele ukwakheka kwezimpaphe zezinkukhu ezinkukhu. Lesi sici sinamandla futhi sidluliselwa ngokuqinile enzalweni, izinkukhu zizobe zinezintambo ezingenalutho ngisho nalapho ziwela nezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu. Ukungabikho kwesici entanyeni sekuvele kubonakala ezinkukhu ezinosuku olulodwa; kusukela kulesi sici, umuntu angabeka ngokusobala ukuthi ungowaluphi uhlobo lohlobo.
Ezinkukhu ezindala ze-golosheyka yaseSpain azikho izimpaphe entanyeni kuphela, nakwabanye abantu nasesitshalweni, kodwa kwezinye izindawo ebusweni bangaphakathi bemilenze nangaphansi kwamaphiko. Ngokukhula, isikhumba esingenampaphe siphenduka sibe bomvu, sigoqane futhi simbozwe amafolda amancane.
Kunezimpaphe ngemuva kwentamo eduze kwekhanda, zinganamathela ekhanda noma zenze isigaxa, engxenyeni engezansi yentamo - lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umnsalo - ukuhlangana kwezimpaphe ezibushelelezi. Kodwa-ke, kunenkolelo yokuthi lapho kuvuleka kakhulu intamo ne-goiter, inkukhu izalela ngokwengeziwe.
Izinkukhu Spanish Golosheyki:
- ngosayizi ophakathi;
- Umzimba ojwayelekile;
- imisipha enhle;
- ubukhulu obumaphakathi obumise okweqabunga noma obuluhlaza;
- isifuba esiyindilinga esiyindilinga;
- imilenze emfushane ephuzi noma empunga.
Zinezimpaphe ezivulekile, ezikhululekile, yingakho kukholakala ukuthi zilula ukuzikha. Ngokwezinga lenyoni ezalelayo, akwamukelekile ukuba nezimpaphe entanyeni nasemilenzeni, isikhumba esiphuzi ezindaweni "ezingenalutho", ubuso obumnyama, amehlo anombala omnyama kunokujwayelekile, amacici amhlophe, nomsila obukhali.
Umbala wezimpaphe ungahlukahluka, kukho konke ukunambitheka: okumnyama, okumhlophe, oklebe, obomvu, okuhlukahlukene, intendele, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomngcele. Ezinkukhwini ezinophaphe olumbala omnyama namehlo abomvu amnyama, ngophaphe olukhanyayo - obomvu osawolintshi. Inkukhu holosheyka esithombeni inikeza umfanekiso obonakalayo wokuthi uhlobo oluthile lwabantu lubukeka kanjani.
Ama-holosheets aseSpain makhulu
Ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo
Amachwane anqunu abonisa izinga eliphakeme lokusinda - 94%, akhule ngokushesha, adle ukudla okujwayelekile. Izikhukhukazi ezisencane ziqala ukubekela ezinyangeni eziyisi-5.5-6, okuyinto ejwayelekile kubamele izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamaqanda. Amaqanda eHolochek inkulu, 55-60 g iyinye, inegobolondo eliqinile elimhlophe noma eli-creamy.
Izinkomba zokukhiqiza amaqanda - ngonyaka wokuqala kuze kube izingcezu eziyi-180, okulandelayo - izingcezu eziyi-150. Ngakho-ke, amaqanda avela ezinkukhu angatholakala njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Vele, lezi akuzona izibalo ezivelele, izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zibekela amaqanda amaningi, kepha lokhu kwanele umndeni.
Izinkukhu zigijimela kahle kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3-5, khona-ke inani lezendlalelo lidinga ukuguqulwa, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuncishiswe kakhulu. Sekukonke, i-golosheki, njengezinye izinkukhu, ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-15, lesi yisikhathi sokuphila sezinhlobo, kepha ekhaya akunakwenzeka ukuthi umuntu azigcine isikhathi eside kangaka.
Ngaphezu kwamaqanda, inyama esezingeni eliphakeme nayo ingatholwa ezinkukhu. Isisindo seHoloshack - 3-3.5 kg (abesilisa) no-2-2.5 kg (izinkukhu). Baqoqa isisindo esinjalo ngonyaka owodwa. Isici sohlobo luyisisindo esikhulu semisipha ye-pectoral, okwenza isidumbu sikhange abathengi.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Kukholakala ukuthi lapho izinkukhu zingajwayelekile, kuba nzima ukuzinakekela, ziba ngcono, zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngakho-ke ababaningi abalimi bezinkukhu abakulungele ukuqala izinkukhu, yize zizinhle, kepha zifuna ngenkani.
Kepha lokhu akunjalo ngamaholoshecks. Naphezu kokungabi nophaphe entanyeni yabo, babekezelela amakhaza kahle, bangahlala cishe kunoma yiziphi izifunda zaseRussia, bangadedelwa ukuhamba ngisho nasebusika (emazingeni okushisa kuze kufike ku- -15 ° С).
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ungabagcina emakhazeni ngaso sonke isikhathi, ebusika emakamelweni angenawo umbandela. Endlini yenkukhu ebandayo, zigijima kabi, zichitha amandla amaningi ekushiseni umzimba, okusho ukuthi zisebenzisa ukudla okuningi. Lokhu kunciphisa inzuzo yesondlo sabo, ngakho-ke kulula futhi kunenzuzo enkulu ukuvimba indlu.
Abangenazicathulo bayozizwa bekhululekile futhi baphathe kahle kuphela emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-0 ° С, futhi kube ngcono kakhulu uma izinga lokushisa endlini yenkukhu ligcinwa ku-15 ° С. Akufanele kube khona okusalungiswa, kungabikho dampness nakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka umoya endlini kaningana nsuku zonke, uvule iminyango, amawindi noma uyihlomise ngohlelo lokungenisa umoya.
Phansi lonke kwehhoko lezinkukhu, udinga ukubeka umbhede omkhulu wama-peat chips, okokusebenza kubamba umswakama kahle, kuvimbele ezinye izifo ukuthi zingakhuli. Ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukwengeza ungqimba omusha komdala ngokushesha lapho ungcola.
Shintsha ngokuphelele udoti okungenani ama-1-2 izikhathi ngonyaka. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla khipha igciwane ehhokweni lezinkukhu nayo yonke imishini ekulo. Udinga futhi ukufaka abondli nabaphuzi abaningi egumbini ukuze zonke izinkukhu zidle ndawonye, zisondele ngokukhululekile kokuphakelayo, futhi ungakulweli.
Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izifunxi ze-hopper zanamuhla kanye nabaphuzi abazenzekelayo: awudingi ukuwagcwalisa kathathu ngosuku, izinkukhu zizohlala zinokudla lapho zidingeka. Lokhu kuzonciphisa isikhathi esichithwa ekunakekelweni kwabo futhi kwenze kube lula kumlimi wezinkukhu ukunakekela imfuyo. Imishini enjalo iyathengiswa, kepha uma ufisa, kungenzeka ukuthi uzenzele ngokwakho.
Ngokwemvelo yabo, izinkukhu ezinqunu zizolile, aziphikisani, zingazwana nenye inyoni egumbini elilodwa, aziphoqi izidingo ezikhethekile kokuphakelayo nokugcina izimo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-golosheki iyasebenza futhi ayikulungele ukunakekelwa kwamaselula, kufanele inyakaze, ihambe nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba, noma kukuncane, kufanele kube seduze kwendlu ngayinye yenkukhu.
Ngokubeka izikhukhukazi, ukukhanyisa, ubude nobukhulu bayo kubalulekile. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, izinkukhu ngeke zibeke kahle. Kusukela ekwindla, lapho usuku lufushane, kuze kube sentwasahlobo, amalambu endlini kufanele akhanyiswe ekuseni nakusihlwa. Isikhathi esiphelele sosuku esinezibani zokuzenzela kufanele sibe ngamahora ayi-14. Ebusuku, amalambu kufanele acishwe ukuze izinyoni zilale.
Ama-voles okuzala
Lapho kwenziwa imfuyo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi azikho ngaphezu kwezinkukhu eziyishumi okufanele ziwele eqhugwaneni elilodwa, uma zikhona eziningi, akuwona wonke amaqanda azovundiswa. Lokhu akubalulekile uma inyoni igcinwa kuphela ukuthola amaqanda okudla, kepha uma kudingeka izinkukhu, lokhu kufanele kulandelwe.
Njengoba abalimi abaningi bezinkukhu bephawula, izinkukhu ezinqunu ziyanqikaza ukuhlala emaqandeni futhi, ngokwazi lesi sici sezinyoni, abanikazi abazibekeli amaqanda ngaphansi kwezikhukhukazi, kodwa basebenzisa i-incubator encane yasekhaya.
Ngokubeka kuyo, udinga ukukhetha izinto ezihamba phambili - amaqanda afanayo ngosayizi, ngaphandle kwemifantu namachashaza egobolondweni, futhi asha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcwalise ugqoko lwe-incubator ngokuphelele ukuze uqinisekise isimo sokushisa esifanele nomswakama. Isikhathi sokufukamela, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu, izinsuku ezingama-21.
Ukunakekelwa kwezinkukhu
Ukuqothuka kwezinkukhu kuhle, cishe akukho ukufa. Izinkukhu ezindala, yize zingahlali emaqandeni, zingakwazi ukukhulisa izinkukhu futhi zikwenze ngendlela efanele. Ungakhulisa izingane futhi ngokuhlukile kubantu abadala.
Amachwane azodinga ukusetha i-brooder futhi alengise isibani esibomvu phezu kwawo ukukhanyisa nokushisa. Okokuqala, zigcinwa zifudumele, emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-25 ° C, ngemuva kokufika enyangeni engu-1, yehliselwa ku-15-20 ° C.
Ukudla kwezingane kuhlukile kunokudla kwezinkukhu ezindala. Ezinsukwini ezi-2 zokuqala, badla kuphela iqanda elibilisiwe, eligayiwe kahle, khona-ke kungezwa i-cottage shizi engeyona i-asidi (1 kuya ku-1), ngosuku lwesithathu - imifino: iparsley noma idill, okusanhlamvu okusikwe emmbileni, ukolweni noma i-oats.
Udinga ukungeza izaqathe ezibilisiwe ezingxenyeni, uma ingekho imifino - ufulawa wotshani (2-3 g ikhanda ngalinye), amavithamini A, E no-D kusisombululo samafutha nophethiloli wezinhlanzi (ama-2 ngesonto, 1 tsp nge-1 kg feed), ubisi olugobekile, i-whey, ubisi olusha.
Izinkukhu ezincane zinikezwa ukudla ngokukufafaza ebhodini elincanyana, elibekwa ngaphansi kwesibani esibomvu. Eduze kwaso kufakwa umuntu ophuza ngamanzi ahlanzekile, angenayo i-chlorine. Ungafaka amakristalu ambalwa e-potassium permanganate kuwo ukuze uketshezi luphenduke lube upinki okhanyayo, lokhu kuzovimbela ukufa kwezinkukhu ekucasukeni esiswini. Imvamisa yokondla ekuqaleni kufanele ibe phezulu - kuze kube izikhathi ezi-5-6 ngosuku (amasonto amabili okuqala), emavikini amane kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukondla kuze kube izikhathi ezintathu.
I-goloshek yamaviki ondliwa ngamash amaqanda, amakhoba, izitshalo zezimpande ezibilisiwe (izaqathe, amazambane), imifino. Thatha zonke izinto ngokulingana okulinganayo. Ukudla kufanele kube yimvuthu, hhayi okomile, kepha hhayi okugijimayo. Izinkukhu ezinezinsuku eziyi-10 zondliwa ukudla okufanayo, kepha ngaphandle kweqanda, ngokungezwa kwekhekhe lamafutha (3-4%), ukudla kwethambo (2-3 g ekhanda ngalinye), inani elincane loshoki, futhi kusuka emavikini amabili nosawoti.
Kule minyaka, i-bran (i-10% yokuphakelayo) ingeniswa ekudleni kwabo. Amachwane anamasonto ama-3 ubudala asevele evunyelwe ukuthela okusanhlamvu okuphelele, uphizi ochotshoziwe. Unganiki imifino eyonakele, ebolile, okusanhlamvu okubolile notshani. Izilwane ezisencane kufanele zidle cishe u-15-30 g wokudla ngosuku. Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa ngakunye, izinsalela ezivela kubaphakeli kufanele zisuswe ukuze zingabi muncu, zigeze ngamanzi bese uzomisa.
Ukondla abantu abadala
Ungaphakela i-goloshek ngokufana nezinye izinkukhu, okungukuthi, okusanhlamvu, imfucuza yomkhiqizo wayo, izitshalo zezimpande, utshani obuqoshiwe, imifino kanye nezicucu zezithelo, engeza ukudla kwethambo, isidlo senhlanzi, imvubelo, izithako zamaminerali nosawoti.
Ukuze ukudla kugaywe ngokujwayelekile, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nesihlabathi esigudlanayo namatshe amancane amancane ehhokweni labo lezinkukhu. Ukuba khona kwamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile kuyimpoqo, kufanele kuguqulwe nsuku zonke.
Izinkukhu zibekela izikhukhukazi ingadla okusanhlamvu, okuphelele, okuchobozekile, okumile, okumanzi okumanzi. Kuhle ukubanikeza umusi ekuseni, nokusanhlamvu kusihlwa. Ngaphezu kokusanhlamvu - isisekelo sokudla - udinga ukwengeza utshani, iziqongo, imifino egayiwe, izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane, ukhula nokhula nemifino - okusanhlamvu noma imifino (uphizi nobhontshisi, i-alfalfa, i-sainfoin ne-vetch) emashini.
Entwasahlobo ungasika izimbabazane, ama-dandelion, ama-burdock, i-wheatgrass. Izinhla, zokwakheka kwegobolondo, zidinga i-calcium, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ukufaka ushoki emashini. Umuntu oyedwa onesisindo esingu-2 kg ngosuku kufanele adle u-130-150 g wokuphakelayo. Lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile, kepha uma izinkukhu zidla kakhulu, akufanele uzilinganisele ekudleni.
Izinkukhu holoshek broilers bangadla nokusanhlamvu, utshani, kepha bangondliwa ngokudla okwenziwe ngomumo, lokhu kulula kakhulu - awudingi ukulungisa ingxube nsuku zonke, ulandele ukuthi zisanda noma cha, abale inani lezithako.
Okuphakelayo okuhle okuxubile kuqukethe zonke izinto ezidingwa izinkukhu, inhlanganisela yazo kanye nobukhulu bazo zikhethwe kahle. Udinga ukunikeza isikhangiso esomile sekhompiyutha eyomile, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe kubaphakeli, uyisebenzise, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi izinkukhu kufanele zithole amanzi mahhala. Kakade ezinyangeni ezine kulokhu kudla, ama-broilers angabulawa ukuze athole inyama.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abaningi bezinkukhu, emapulazini abo kune-golosheyk, lolu luhlobo oluhle, kunenzuzo ukulugcina, cishe akunazinkinga ngezinkukhu. Labo abangabazayo ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukuba nale nyoni ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni kufanele banake izici zayo ezihehayo.
