Umndeni wonogolantethe uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-19. Zonke zinkulu ngosayizi, zinomlomo oqinile futhi omude, imilenze emide. UMarabou ungomunye wabamele umndeni wonogolantethe, oqukethe izinhlobo ezintathu, owesine ulahlekile ngokungenathemba. Lesi yisikhohlakali sangempela, esinekhanda elinempandla, ngoba i-marabou kufanele ufune inyama ebolile, futhi intamo nekhanda ngaphandle kwezimpaphe kulula kakhulu ukuzigcina zihlanzekile.
Incazelo nezici
Le nyoni inemilenze emide nentamo, ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-1.5. Unamaphiko aqinile nomlomo omkhulu. Izimpiko zinobude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Isisindo sabantu abakhulu sifinyelela ku-8 kg. Inokubona okuhle kakhulu, okujwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabakhwabanisi.
Umbala wabo unamathoni amabili. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imhlophe. Ingxenye engenhla impunga emnyama. Umlomo unombala ophuzi ongcolile futhi ufinyelela kubude obungu-30 cm. Intamo inombala owolintshi noma obomvu. Zisencane, izinyoni zinombala opholile futhi, ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo, zingahluka.
Ngaphezu kwekhanda elincane, elingenalutho, isici sale nyoni sisengxenyeni engezansi yentamo, yisiphethu esinamanzi esifana nesikhwama esixhunywe emakhaleni. Esimweni esigcwele umoya, isikhwama sikhula sifike ku-30 cm ububanzi. Phambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-marabou igcina ukudla kulesi sikhwama, kepha bekungenakwenzeka ukuthola isiqiniseko sale mbono. Cishe, isetshenziswa kuphela emidlalweni yokukhwelana futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula, inyoni ibeka ikhanda layo kulokhu kukhula.
Ukuntuleka kwezimpaphe entanyeni nasekhanda kuhlotshaniswa nokudla. Izimpaphe akufanele zingcoliswe ngenkathi zidla ukudla okubolile okuncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-marabou ingenye yezinyoni ezihlanzeke kakhulu. Uma ucezu lokudla lunamabala, uzoludla kuphela ngemuva kokukugeza emanzini. Ngokungafani nonogolantethe abakanye nabo, umarabou akazeluli izintamo zawo lapho endiza. Bangakhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine.
Indawo yokuhlala
UMarabou uhlala e-Asia, e-Afrika, ayitholakali eNyakatho Melika. Ikhetha izindawo ezivulekile osebeni lwamachibi, atholakala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ase-Afrika. Abahlali ezingwadule nasemahlathini. Lezi yizilwane zomphakathi ezihlala emakoloni amancane. Ungesabi neze, ungesabi abantu. Bangabonakala eduze kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Izinhlobo
Unogolantethe weMarabou namuhla yethulwa ngezinhlobo ezintathu:
- Owase-Afrika;
- OwaseNdiya;
- IsiJavanese.
ILeptoptilos robustus iyinhlobo engasekho. Le nyoni yaphila emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-126-12 edlule. Bangihlala esiqhingini saseFlores. Izinsalela zemababou ezitholakele zikhomba ukuthi le nyoni ifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1.8 ukuphakama futhi isisindo sayo cishe siyi-16 kg. Impela wandiza kabi noma akenzanga nakancane.
ILeptoptilos robustus yayinamathambo amakhulu ayizigaxa, izitho zangemuva ezisindayo, okuqinisekisa futhi ukuthi le nyoni ihambe kahle emhlabathini futhi bekungenakwenzeka ukuthi indize. Kukholakala ukuthi usayizi omkhulu kangaka wezinyoni kungenxa yokwehluleka ukuxubana nabanye abantu, ngoba bahlala esiqhingini esikude.
Emhumeni ofanayo lapho kutholakala khona izinsalela zale nyoni, bathola amathambo endoda yaseFlores. Babengabantu abafushane, abanokuphakama okungafika kumitha eli-1, okungukuthi, babengenza njengezisulu zenyoni.
I-African marabou... Le yinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo, isisindo somzimba singafinyelela ku-9 kg, futhi amaphiko angamamitha ayi-3.2, ngokulandelana, futhi uqhwaku lude, lufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-35. Izici zezinhlobo ukuthi kukhona izimpaphe ezingafani nezinwele entanyeni nasekhanda. Futhi emahlombe kukhona "ikhola" engezansi. Isikhumba esisendaweni engenazimpaphe sibomvana, sinamabala amnyama nezihlangu ezinama-horny ngaphambili kwekhanda.
Esinye isici sesici yi-iris emnyama esweni leso. Abantu bendawo, ngenxa yalesi sici, bakholelwa ukuthi inyoni inokubukeka kwamademoni. Lezi zinhlobo zikanogolantethe zingaphila nama-pelican, zenze amakoloni ahlanganisiwe. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, yizo ezihlala eduze kwabantu nezindawo zokulahla udoti.
I-Indian marabou... Ihlala eCambodia nase-Assam, yize phambilini le ndawo yayihlala ibanzi kakhulu. Ebusika, uya eVietnam, eMyanmar naseThailand. Phambilini, le nyoni yayihlala eBurma naseNdiya, lapho livela khona leli gama. Izimpaphe zokumboza zezinyoni zimpunga, zimnyama ngezansi. Elinye igama lezinhlobo yi-argala.
I-Indian marabou ibhalwe kuRed Book. Ekubaleni kokugcina, manje lolu hlobo aludluli kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane. Ukwehla kwemfuyo kuhlotshaniswa nokugeleza kwamaxhaphozi nokuncipha kwezindawo zokuhlala ezifanele ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwamaqanda okungapheli nokutshalwa komhlaba ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
IsiJavanese i-marabou. Okwenziwa yizwekazi? Ungayibona le nyoni emangalisayo eNdiya, eChina, kuze kufike esiqhingini saseJava. Uma uyiqhathanisa nabafowabo, le yinyoni encane, engekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-120 ukuphakama, enamaphiko afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-210. Ingxenye ephezulu yophiko imbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama. Lolu hlobo luswele isikhwama sesikhumba somphimbo.
Unogolantethe waseJavanese akayithandi indawo yokuhlala nabantu, ugwema noma yimuphi umhlangano nomuntu. Idla ikakhulu izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, izinyoni ezincane namagundane, izinkumbi. Kungumzwangedwa futhi kwakha ama-pair kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Inani lalezi zinhlobo liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke libhekwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Indlela Yokuphila
IMarabou iyashona. Ekuseni inyoni iyahamba iyofuna ukudla. Isithathile phezu kwesidleke, iphakama ngosizo lokukhuphuka kwemisinga yomoya, izulazula futhi ishibilike isikhathi eside, yelula intamo yayo. Ngakho-ke, le nyoni izama ukuthola isidumbu. Lapho ebona isidumbu sesilwane, udabula isisu sakhe bese unamathisela ikhanda ngaphakathi, akhiphe ingaphakathi lapho.
Abantu abaningana bandizela phezulu esidunjini, hhayi nje ukuzitika ngokudla kuphela, kepha nokuvikela ukudla kubantu abangenayo. Ngemuva kokugcwala, isikhwama somphimbo sivuvukalela kule nyoni. Uma izinyoni zomhlambi zazingela zodwa, ngaphambi kokubuyela endaweni yazo, ziyahlangana zihambe ziye ekhaya.
Uma i-marabou izingela isilwane esiphilayo, bese ikhetha isisulu, iyasibulala ngokushaya ngomlomo wasigwinya siphelele. Akazesabi izimbangi ezinkulu, ungena kalula ekulweni nempisi nempungushe. Empini, le nyoni inolaka kakhulu futhi ihlala iwina. Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wonogolantethe, i-marabou ingama isikhathi eside ibambe iqhwa ngomlenze owodwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inyoni yeMarabou izondla ngokufa. Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho ukudla okunjalo, azideleli izilwane ezincane nezinyoni. Umuntu omkhulu ubulala i-flamingo noma idada ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Le nyoni idinga ukudla okungu-1 kg ngosuku. Idla izilwane ezincane ezincane, izibankwa namaxoxo. Udla amaqanda ezilwane. Kungathatha ngisho nezilwane ezidliwayo ezincane.
Imvamisa zimunca ukudla kuhambisana namanqe, ngaphandle kokuthi ziyizimbangi ezilwaneni zasendle. Inqe eliqonda kakhudlwana lidabula isidumbu sesilwane esidliwe yinyamazane etholwayo, kanti imarabou iqala ukudla ngemuva kwayo. Ngemuva kwesidlo sasemini esihlangene, kusala kuphela amathambo esidumbu. Unogolantethe angagwinya ucezu lwenyama olunesisindo esingu-600 grams ngasikhathi sinye.
Imarabou yaseJavane ingabonakala kaningi ikhanda layo lehliselwe emanzini, njengoba lidoba. Le nyoni icwilisa uqhwaku lwayo oluvulekile kancane ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi ngokushesha nje lapho inhlanzi ithinta uqhwaku, uqhwaku luvele lushaye luvalwe.
Ngaphandle kokuthi iningi labantu linenzondo ethile kumarabou, yena uhleleke ngempela. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziseduze nabantu, bahlanza imisele yamanzi, baqoqe udoti eduze kwemigqomo kadoti kanye nezindawo zokuxhela. IMarabou ivimbela ubhadane lwezifo ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu sishisa khona, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukulimaza abantu nganoma iyiphi indlela - zizuza kuphela.
Ukubhangqa imidlalo
Ngokungafani nezinyoni eziningi, owesilisa ukhetha enye ingxenye. Konke kuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi abesifazane abaningana basondela kowesilisa futhi babonise ubuhle babo. Abaphikelela kakhulu bazonakwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zithandani zihambahamba, zifaka izikhwama entanyeni yazo, ukuzama ukwethusa abangena.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka ngeminyaka emi-4-5. Imidlalo yokukhwelana iqala ngesikhathi semvula, futhi amaphuphu avela ngesikhathi sonyaka esomile. Isizathu salokhu silula - kungaphakathi nesikhathi sesomiso lapho izilwane zifa khona ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngakho-ke ukondla izingane kulula kakhulu.
Kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana lapho inyoni yenza imisindo ethule, ngoba ayinazo ngisho izintambo zezwi. Izwi leMarabou okufana nokukhumbula ukukhala, okuxubene nokushaya amakhwela nokuhewula. Ngemisindo enjalo, zisabisa izinyoni nezilwane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Imindeni idalwe emakoloni amakhulu. Imibhangqwana engafika ku-5 ingahlala esihlahleni esisodwa. Ngokuyinhloko lawa angama-baobabs, kepha awakwazi ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezinde kangako. Ububanzi besidleke buphakathi nendawo ngemitha eli-1, kuze kufike ku-40 cm ukujula.
Izidleke zenziwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ama-5. "Izindlu" zibonwe ngisho nokuphakama kwamamitha angama-40. Bangasebenzisa "indlu" yangonyaka ophelile noma ngisho nokwakha isidleke edwaleni, kepha kuyaqabukela. Bobabili abazali bakusasa benza umsebenzi wokwakha. Isidleke seMarabou yenza ngamaqabunga namahlumela amancane. Ipheya elilodwa linamaqanda ama-2-3. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekufukameleni, okuthatha kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-29 kuye kwezingu-31.
Amatshwele ngezinsuku ezingama-95-115 kusukela ekuzalweni asevele embozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe. Ezinyangeni ezine ngemuva kokuzalwa, ziqala ukufunda ukundiza futhi zingahamba nabazali bazo ziye esidunjini sesilwane. Bazimela ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12. Abazali bazungezela izingane zabo ngokunakekela ubusuku nemini, bazifunze kakhulu.
UMarabou uphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-25. Ekuthunjweni, abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-33. Izinyoni zinempilo enhle, ngaphandle kokudla okuthile. Ngokwemvelo, ayinazitha zemvelo.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-marabou ihlala emazweni anezulu elifudumele, kwesinye isikhathi ahlala ezindaweni lapho kunomswakama khona, eduze nemizimba yamanzi. AmaSulumane ayayihlonipha le nyoni futhi ayibheka njengophawu lokuhlakanipha. Ngokwenye yezinguqulo, ngamaSulumane anikeza igama lale nyoni futhi livela egameni elithi "mrabut", elisho ukuthi "isazi semfundiso yenkolo esingumSulumane".
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, emazweni ase-Afrika, kuze kube namuhla, le nyoni isazingelwa ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo ezinhle. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Europe, i-marabou fluff isetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa ukufaka i-powder ukuthola iminwe.
ENairobi naseKenya, izinyoni zivame ukuhlala ezigodini nasemadolobheni. IMarabou esithombeni ezungezwe izakhiwo zomphakathi nezimboni zibukeka zihlukile. Zakha izidleke ezihlahleni ezingaphezulu kwezindlu, zingawunaki nhlobo umsindo nokuxabana okuzungezile. Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo ngokuhlanzeka, emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, le nyoni ithathwa njengembi futhi iyenyanyeka.
Ukuhamba ngesizotha emilenzeni emide, i-marabou ibizwa nangokuthi inyoni yomlawuli. Elinye igama lenyoni umngcwabi. Ngokusho kwabasebenzi baseKruger Park (South Africa), umarabou uzikhulula ngezinyawo zabo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, bahlala bechitheka njalo. Kukholakala ukuthi wenza lokhu ukulawula ukushisa komzimba wakhe.
UMarabou wayehlala eZening Leningrad iminyaka engu-37. Bamletha ngo-1953, esemncane, wabanjwa endle. Yize ibukeka inyanyeka, imarabou iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile esimisweni semvelo. Le nyoni ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ubungozi bokugula esifundeni sayo yokuhlala, ukuhlanza imvelo, ebaluleke kakhulu emazweni ashisayo.
