Incazelo nezici
Emuva ezinsukwini zikaDarwin, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezinkukhu kwenzeka okokuqala ezwenikazi lase-Asia, ezifundeni zalo eziseningizimu-mpumalanga. Futhi le nguqulo yaqinisekiswa kamuva kakhulu ngenxa yocwaningo lwe-DNA. Kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho isikhukhukazi sasendle, esihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo namahlathi aminyene oqalo, saqala ukungena ngaphansi kophahla lwabantu. Ngokushesha, isihluku ekugcineni saqala ukugxila eduze kwabantu, saba isidalwa sokuqala esinezimpaphe ezifuywayo.
Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane elandelayo, yasabalala ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuzayo, lezi zidalwa ezingathobekile aziphendukelanga kubaninizo emthonjeni ongapheli wenyama yethenda, amaqanda aphilile kanye nokuthamba okuthambile, kepha futhi kuvame ukuba yinto yokukhonzwa.
Namuhla kunezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezingaba ngu-180. Okhokho besinye sazo, sasendulo futhi esingajwayelekile, yizinkukhu ezifanayo zasendle zase-Asia. Bentamka (leli igama lohlobo) kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwaba umphumela wamakhulu eminyaka wokukhetha okwenziwe ngabantu. Abanye babheka iJapan njengezwe lakubo, abanye - iNdiya.
Futhi okushiwo okokuqala okubhaliwe okwaziwayo kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-17. Phakathi kwezici ezibalulekile ezihlukanisa izibonelo zalolu hlobo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezikhona emhlabeni: usayizi omncane, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezicebile, zoqobo, ezimibalabala, ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni ezinjalo ezifuywayo zibalwa njengokuhlobisa.
Izinkukhu ezinjalo zinezinye izinzuzo ezikhanyayo, okuzoxoxwa ngazo kamuva. Ukubheka i-purebred bantam esithombeni, kulula ukuphawula iningi lezici zabo zobuntu.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Umzimba ophakanyiswe ngokuphawulekayo, omile, omncane futhi onomusa onezimpaphe ezimpintshayo, eziwugqinsi (azikhululekile neze);
- ikhanda lincane ngosayizi obonakalayo (walolu hlobo, ukungabi khona kwalo akwamukelekile);
- Ikamu elibomvu elibomvu lingaba yipuleti enezintambo ezinama-serrated (ezimise okwamaqabunga) noma ukukhula okufana nommango, okukhonjiswe ngemuva kwekhanda (okumise okwe-pink);
- amehlo avame ukuba bomvu, kwesinye isikhathi abe o-orenji noma abe mnyama ngombala ngokufakwa kwamathoni ansundu;
- uqhwaku oliphuzi lugobile kancane, luhle futhi lincane;
- esilevini, i-scallop iqhutshwa ngamakhathoni, amancane ngosayizi, oyindilinga ngokuma, abomvu noma abomvana ngombala, abonakala kakhulu kumaqhude;
- isikhumba sama-subspecies amaningi siphuzi, sikhanya, kepha singaba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- izimpaphe zamaphiko zinde kunezinkukhu ezivame kakhulu, lapho zivame ukucishe zifike emhlabathini zizolile;
- iphakanyiswe kakhulu, ibanzi impela ngenxa yezimpaphe ezicebile, umsila uhlotshiswe ngama-braids obude obuhlukile;
- izinkukhu zinemilenze emifushane, kuyilapho amaqhude esenesikhashana nje, ukuvela kwezinye izinhlobo kugcwalisa izimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu zezitho, ezibenza bahehe ngokukhethekile.
Lokhu kungukuhlukahluka okuncane, ngakho-ke izibonelo ezinkulu ezingaphezu kwesisindo esingu-1 kg zithathwa njengomshado walolu hlobo. Isisindo esilinganisiwe sezinkukhu ezinjalo singama-gramu ayi-600 noma ngaphansi, futhi yizinkomba kuphela zamaqhude, ezisindayo, ezingasondela kukhilogremu. Futhi ezinye izinkukhu zincane kakhulu kangangokuba zinesisindo esingu-450 g.
Izinhlobo
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi zinyoni ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ziye zakhuliswa eNdiya ukuhlobisa amagceke. Izakhamizi zase-Asia nazo zakhangwa yimikhuba yokulwa namaqhude, ayevame ukusetshenziswa ngabanikazi bawo.
EYurophu, kuphi izinkukhu zebantam ithole emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, yasheshe yasazisa hhayi kuphela izimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa, kepha futhi nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuhle kakhulu. Umhlobo walethwa eRussia kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Ezweni lakithi, futhi manje ama-bantamok angabonakala emapulazini amaningi nasezindlini zamapulazi.
Izinkukhu ezinjalo zingathandwa kakhulu, kepha ngeshwa azibekezeleli amakhaza asebusika kahle. Emakhazeni, lezi zinyoni ezithanda ukushisa, inzalo yezinkukhu zemifino emifushane, zihlupheka kakhulu ngamathanga, ama-scallops nemilenze. Ngakho-ke, abakwazanga ukumila ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Lolu hlobo luvame ukuhlukaniswa cishe ngama-subspecies ayishumi, okuthakazelisa kakhulu esizokunikeza incazelo.
1. I-Nanking bantam... Lolu hlobo lwenkukhu ludume ngezimpande zalo zasendulo, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo luphakathi kwezindala kakhulu. Izinkukhu eziningi zalezi zinhlayiya zikhiqizwa e-Asia. Ama-Roosters abukisa kahle, ikakhulukazi imisila ensundu emnyama noma emnyama, futhi ukubukeka kwawo kuhambisana nophawu olumnyama olubekwe esifubeni esibanzi, nezinkomba zombala ofanayo emhlolweni okhanyayo.
Izinkukhu zihlukaniswa izimpaphe ezinhle. Umbala ovame kakhulu ophuzi ophuzi. Ngemuva kwabantu abahlukile, ingahluka kusuka kumthunzi kashokoledi kuye kwegolide, esifubeni namathiphu amaphiko, ububanzi bukhanya kancane. Imilenze yezinyoni ezichazwe inesikhumba esimpunga futhi ayimboziwe izimpaphe.
2. IBeijing bantam Inomsila oyindilinga nezitho zomzimba ezifushane. Izinkukhu zibuye zidume ngemibala ehlukahlukene yezimpaphe ezithambile, ezingashintshaniswa noma zibe monochromatic, emnyama, ebomvu, emhlophe, kanye nezinye izikali nezinhlanganisela zazo.
3. I-Dutch bantam kusuka emphakathini we-subspecies kubhekwa njengokuthakazelisa kakhulu ekubukekeni, inyoni ecishe ibe yinhle, ngakho-ke ivame ukugcinwa kuphela ngobuhle bokuhlobisa. Abamele bohlobo bahle ngekama elincane elihlanzekile elibomvu elihlanzekile; isigaxa esimhlophe esimpofu esimhlophe ngaphezulu kwekhanda, sihlobise ikhanda elilingana nosayizi omkhulu, kanye nengubo yophaphe olumnyama enombala, egqokisa wonke umzimba.
Uqhwaku nemilenze engenalutho yezinyoni ezinjalo kumnyama buluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimo ze-subspecies zinamathuba amaningi okuheha abaqoqi be-amateur, kepha hhayi labo abanentshisekelo yokuzalanisa izinkukhu ngenhloso yezomnotho, ngoba akulula ukuzigcina.
Phakathi kokubi okukhulu ukungabekezeli kwamaqhude, avame ukuqala izimpi ezinamandla, ezonakalisa ukubukeka komunye nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-white crest yezinyoni ivame ukungcola ngesikhathi sokudla, okuphinde konakalise ukubukeka kobuhle bezinyoni ezinjalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kulimaze nempilo yazo.
4. UPadua bentamka... Abamele ama-subspecies, phakathi kwabanye, babakhulu kunabo bonke futhi babhekwa njengabaluleke kakhulu. Umbala wabantu abathakazelisa ngokwedlulele. Kungaba mhlophe ngephethini yangempela yamabala we-silvery, kanye negolide ngephethini emnyama.
5. Shabo... it ama-bantam amancane, ikhuliswe kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle. Ama-analogue ohlobo asekhona endle, ahlangana eJapan nakwamanye amazwe asempumalanga. Izinyoni ezinjalo ngokwemvelo zinikezwe imibala yoqobo futhi ehlukahlukene kakhulu.
Kungaphenduka i-tricolor; enemibala emibili: omnyama-isiliva noma owegolide, omnyama-mhlophe, ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezinye zalezi zinyoni ziyikhokho noma zimthende; ingaba nombala owodwa - ubumba, ukolweni noma umhlophe nje.
Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo ekuqaleni zazizinde futhi ziqondile, kepha ngenhloso yokuhlobisa, abantu abanezimpaphe ezi-silky nezigobile zazalaniswa ngokukhethekile. Ezinye izici ze-subspecies zifaka phakathi: umlomo oqondile ophuzi; imfushane kakhulu (ephazamisa nokusebenza) imilenze engenalutho; amaphiko anezimpaphe ezinde ngokungajwayelekile, ezibanzi.
6. USibright... Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinengubo enhle, yokuqala kakhulu yezimpaphe, ubuhle obukhethekile obukhashelwa ukuhlelwa okumnyama kophaphe ngalunye. Isizinda esiyinhloko singaba mhlophe ngegolide, silvery Milky, sandy noma nje grey.
Ama-earlobes ama-oval we-subspecies amhlophe. Umhlane wabo mncane ngosayizi, isifuba si-convex, sibanzi; izimpaphe zomsila zimbi; imilenze engenalutho ine-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zinhlayiya zithathwa njengezisengozini, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezihlanzekile azivamile.
Izizathu zenombolo encane nobunzima obukhulu ekugcinweni zifaka: ulaka, isimo sokulwa ngokweqile kwamaqhude; Ubudedengu lapho ufukamela amaqanda engxenye yesifazane (okuyinto, ngasendleleni, imvamisa akuyona into ejwayelekile yamabhantamu avela kwamanye ama-subspecies); izinkukhu azikwazi ukuzala, futhi amaphuphu abuthakathaka futhi aphansi amazinga okusinda.
7. U-Altai bentamka... Lolu hlobo lwathola igama lalo ngoba lwazalelwa e-Altai, ngaphezu kwalokho, muva nje, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Inzuzo enkulu yabamele ama-subspecies ukumelana kwabo namakhaza, okusizwa kakhulu yizimpaphe eziminyene.
Ezinye izimpawu: isifuba esibanzi, umzimba oqinile; ngemuva kwekhanda kukhona ukuqhuma okuluhlaza, okufihla ngokuphelele ukuqhuma. Umbala wabantu abahlanzekile ungaba i-fawn, i-variegated, i-nutty, kepha imvamisa iba nsundu noma imhlophe ngokufakwa kwezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimpunga engutsheni. Imisila yeqhude ibomvu, imhlophe, imnyama ngemithunzi eluhlaza.
8. Ukotini bentamka... Abamele le subspecies ngokuvamile izakhamuzi amapulazi ezizimele eRussia, nakuba Japan kubhekwa ezweni lakubo zomlando. Amaqhude ahlukaniswa ngombala okhanyayo, obomvu ngemuva futhi omnyama onombala oluhlaza okotshani emsileni nasesifubeni, kanye nekama elikhulu, elibomvana ngombala. Izinkukhu zinamachashazi anezindawo eziningi ezimhlophe, isizinda esiyinhloko sophaphe singaba bomvu noma nsundu.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Abanikazi abangaba khona akulindelekile ukuthi babe nenkinga enkulu ekuzaleni ama-bantam. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo azikwazi ukubizwa ngokunganaki ngokweqile, ngezinkomba eziningi azithobeki. Izimo zokuphila azihlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu futhi zixhomeke kakhulu esikhathini.
Ehlobo, i-aviary enendawo yokukhosela emvuleni yanele izinkukhu ezinjalo. Ubukhulu bayo bunqunywa inani lezakhamizi ezisolwayo, futhi ikakhulukazi - kususelwa emakhanda ayi-10 cishe angama-6 m2... Kepha kungcono ukuhlukanisa igceke elinjalo lokuhamba libe izingxenye ezimbili, bese ubiyela zombili ngocingo oluphakeme (okungenani u-2.5 m) noma inetha lokuvikela.
Lokhu kuqapha kusindisa abanikazi ezinkingeni eziningi ngamacala abo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-bentam andiza kahle, ngakho-ke uthango oluphansi kunokuphakama komuntu alubi yisithiyo kubo. Futhi imiphumela isobala. Akugcini lapho izinkukhu zizulazula noma kuphi, amaqanda eziwaphethe ezindaweni ezingalindelekile zivame ukulahleka, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okungenakugwemeka.
Kungcono ukwenza isembozo esiphansi endaweni yokuqala yezindawo zezindiza ezinesihlabathi. Futhi indawo yesibili ebiyelwe kufanele igutshulwe kahle futhi itshalwe ngamabele: i-oats, i-rye, ukolweni. Lokhu kunikeza izivakashi ezinamaphiko ingxenye yokudla, futhi kuqeda nesidingo sokuhamba ngezikhukhukazi.
Ama-perches kanye nezidleke, ezitholakala kalula ngaphansi kophahla (i-canopy), kufanele zibe imininingwane ebalulekile yokuhlelwa kwendawo yokuhlala ye-bantam. Akufanele futhi ukhohlwe ngabahlinzeki nabaphuzi, okufakwa kahle kakhulu emaphethelweni esiza, ukuwahlanza njalo nokushintsha amanzi.
Kepha ebusika, kudingeka ikhekhe lezinkukhu elikhethekile, elihlome kahle, phansi kwalo kufakwe ungqimba olujiyile lotshani noma ukushefa. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, leli gumbi lidinga nokushisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya omncane awulingani. Le ndlu yenkukhu akufanele ibe manzi futhi kufanele ihlanzwe njalo. Izinhlayiya ezikulo, ezinikezwe ubukhulu bezivakashi, zibekwa kangcono ngaphansi kunasemikhombeni ejwayelekile yenkukhu.
Impilo nokuvikeleka kwalolu hlobo imvamisa akukhathazi kangako. Ngokwemvelo, ama-bantam amelana kakhulu nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma amawadi anamaphiko enikezwa ukunakekelwa okwenelisayo futhi kungekho ukuxhumana okungafuneki nezilwane nezinyoni ezingabazekayo.
Uma kunezimpawu zokuxwayisa: ukudla okungafanelekile kanye nesitulo, ukukhathala nokunye, inkukhu (iqhude) kufanele ihlukaniswe ngokushesha futhi ikhonjiswe kuchwepheshe. Ukuvimbela izilwane ezifuywayo zingaphazanyiswa izinambuzane eziyimifino, ibhokisi elinomlotha nesihlabathi livame ukufakwa egumbini lazo, lapho izinkukhu zithatha uhlobo "lokugeza" ukuze zizisuse ezinambuzane ezincane.
Izidalwa ezinamaphiko azigcini nje ngokuba nethuba lokuhlanza izimpaphe zazo zokungcola kanye namafutha amaningi ngale ndlela, lapha izakhiwo ezikhethekile zomlotha ziyazisiza zigcine ukuhlanzeka okubaluleke kangako okuvimbela izifo eziningi kusengaphambili.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Bentamka – zala encane, futhi lokhu kusiza abanikazi ukuthi bonge ngokuphawulekayo kokudla kwamawadi abo, ngoba izinkukhu ezinjalo zidinga ukondliwa okuncane ngamanani amaningi. Futhi yonke imenyu yezilwane ezifuywayo ayifani nokudla kwezihlobo ezinkulu zezinkukhu.
Kepha noma kunjalo, uma unikezwe usayizi, ukudla okukhulu (ngokwesibonelo, imifino elusizo kakhulu ezinyonini) kusizakala kakhulu ngokusika izingcezu ezincane. Isitsha esiyinhloko nesithandwa kakhulu samabhantamu, kanye nezinye izinkukhu, okusanhlamvu ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Kungaba ngama-oats, ukolweni kanye nokunye okusanhlamvu. Futhi ibhali ne-buckwheat kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukudla kufanele kuhlanganiswe ne-bran, imifino namazambane, ikhekhe, imisundu, i-whey, i-cottage shizi.
Isinkwa esimnyama kufanele sinikezwe isikhathi, kepha sifakwe emanzini. Utshani obulungiselelwe izinkukhu busomiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Imfucuza yezinhlanzi iyadedelwa emathanjeni ukugwema ingozi. Kusuka ekugqokeni amaminerali kuyadingeka: inhlanzi nesidlo samathambo, ushoki, idwala legobolondo.
Inani lokudla komuntu omdala akumele lidlule kathathu ngosuku. Isikhathi sokudla kwasekuseni (isb.ukudla kokuqala) sincike esikhathini sonyaka njengoba kudliwa ekuseni. Futhi-ke ekuphakameni kwehlobo kungamahora ama-5, kanti ebusika baqala ukubuyisa izinkukhu kungakapheli amahora ayisishiyagalombili.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Iqhude bantamngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncane, imvamisa iyakwazi ukumangaza ngesibindi sayo. Lesi yisivikeli esingenakuphikwa sesiqephu saso, izinkukhu nezinkukhu. Akesabi kangako ukuthi angahlasela ngisho nesitha esikhulu, isibonelo, ikhayithi noma impungushe, ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Izinkukhu zalolu hlobo lwamaqanda zidume ngomzwelo womama. Lezi yizikhukhukazi ezinhle kakhulu, ezinganakekeli inzalo yazo kuphela, kodwa, uma kunesidingo, zamachwane abanye abantu. Kakade sezinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ziyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda bese zichamisela izinkukhu.
Isithiyo kulesi sizathu esihle sincane kuphela, ngoba umama onenkinga akakwazi ukufukamela amaqanda angaphezu kwayisikhombisa ngasikhathi sinye. Kepha ngenkathi yehlobo, ikhiqiza amantshontsho amathathu, inika abanikazi inzalo enkulu, ebalelwa ezinkukhu ezincane kanye namaqhude angaba ngu-20.
Imvamisa zizalwa ngokulingana, kepha bese kuthi amancane ashiywe ngesilinganiso sowesilisa oyedwa cishe kwabesifazane abayisithupha noma ngisho abayisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusinda amaphuphu bantam ama-subspecies amaningi athathwa njengokuphakeme ngokwesiko (cishe ama-90%). Amatshwele ikakhulukazi aphilile futhi ngokwemvelo anikezwe ukuzivikela okuhle ezifweni, ashesha ukuqinisa futhi akhuluphale.
Isikhathi sokufukamela cishe amasonto amathathu. Futhi ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, afakwa ebhokisini elincane, ngenhla lapho kufakwa khona ukushisa (isibani sikagesi) ebangeni elingaphansi kwengxenye yemitha. Kufanele ikwazi ukugcina ukushisa okungaba cishe ngama-34 ° C ku-incubator encane kangaka.
Izinsuku zokuqala, izingane zondliwa nge-cottage shizi ethambile namaqanda abilisiwe, zinika ukudla izikhathi eziyisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu ngosuku. Kancane kancane, inani lokudla lingancishiswa futhi ukudla okusha kufakwe ekudleni: imifino eqoshiwe, ummbila, amabele.
Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinyoni ezifuywayo sithonywe kakhulu yikhwalithi yokudla nokunakekelwa. Ngokuvamile, abantu balolu hlobo bagcinwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3. Kepha ngokombono wezinto eziphilayo, ama-bantam angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8.
Iqanda leBantam inokunambitheka okwehlukile kunenye inkukhu. Idume ngenani layo eliphansi le-cholesterol nezinye izinto ezihlukile, ngokwesibonelo, isikhuphasha nomhlophe ominyene awahlangani kuyo.
Amaqanda ngokwawo mancane ngosayizi futhi anesisindo esingeqile ku-45 g Futhi isibalo sawo kusuka enkukhwini eyodwa ebekwayo, ngokudla okunomsoco nokunakekelwa okufanele, singafinyelela izingcezu eziyi-130 ngesizini ngayinye. Inyama yalolu hlobo nayo ibhekwa ngokufanele njengekhwalithi ephezulu, yize isisindo sezidumbu zale nkukhu, njengabantu uqobo, sincane.
Intengo
Kubalimi abanolwazi, kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga amaqanda kubamele lolu hlobo, futhi kubo sekuvele kuthola izinkukhu ezidingekayo zokuqhubeka nokuzala. Kepha uma kufiswa, izilwane ezincane zingathengwa ezinkulisa ezikhethekile ekusatshalalisweni kwama-bantam.
Kukhona, kufaka phakathi indawo yaseRussia. Lapha kubalulekile kuphela ukunaka ukukhethwa komfuyi, ukuze ungabi yinto yokukhwabanisa futhi esikhundleni sabantu abahlanzekile, ungathengi izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaziwa. Intengo yeBantam cishe ama-ruble ayi-7000. Yilapho kukhulunywa ngokuthenga umuntu omdala. Kodwa izinkukhu zishibhile, izindleko zazo cishe ucezu ngalunye ngama-ruble ayi-2 000.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo
Kuningi osekushiwo mayelana nokufaneleka kwalolu hlobo.
Phakathi kwazo:
- ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo;
- ukuthinta umzwelo wobuzali bobabili izikhukhukazi nezinkukhu ezinakekela ukuvikelwa kwazo;
- ubungqabavu bezinkukhu nempilo;
- inyama yenkukhu emnandi;
- ukubukeka okuhle,
- ukungathobeki kwamalungu ohlobo,
- ukungafuneki ngobuningi nekhwalithi yokuphakelayo.
Kuzici ezinhle, kufanele kungezwe ukuthi izinkukhu ze-bantam zivame ukuba nobungane futhi ziyamangala ngesimo esihle, futhi ama-cockerels adume ngamaphimbo abo amnandi we-sonorous. Ububi bolu hlobo lubandakanya izindleko eziphakeme zezinkukhu nezinkukhu, abantu abathanda ukushisa kanye nokukhohlakala kwamaqhude amanye ama-subspecies.
