Emhlabeni wezakhamizi ezivelele zomhlaba, ezigcinwe kusukela ngesikhathi sePleistocene megafauna, isilwane se-civet inesithakazelo esithile. Ukuhlangana nezilwane ezincelisayo zase-Afrika ezimweni zemvelo, ema-zoo akuvamile. Kepha lezi zilwane zikhuliswa ngezinga lezimboni ngenxa yokwanda kwentshisekelo kuzo ngabenzi bamakha nabakhiqizi bekhofi.
Incazelo nezici
Ukuvela kwesidalwa esincane kufana nezilwane eziningana ezijwayele ukubukeka ngasikhathi sinye - i-marten, i-raccoon, i-mongoose nekati. I-civet yase-Afrika emhlabeni wezesayensi, kuthiwa kumndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ze-civet, ngakho-ke, ezweni lomlando, isilwane sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikati le-civet.
Ngosayizi, isilwane singafaniswa nenja encane - ukuphakama okungama-25-30 cm, ubude bomzimba ngo-60-90 cm, umsila ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-35. Ubukhulu nesisindo sesilwane esisuka ku-7 kuye ku-20 kg kuyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo. Phakathi kwabamele abahlobene, izakhamuzi zase-Afrika zinkulu kakhulu.
Ikhanda le-civet libanzi ngesimo, umzimba uvulekile futhi ujiyile, futhi umsila uqinile. Isifonyo sihlangene njenge-raccoon. Izindlebe ezincane, zikhombe kancane. Amehlo anokusikeka okutshekile, abafundi abayindilinga. Isilwane sinomlomo oqinile onamazinyo aqinile. UCivet uyakwazi ukuluma ngayo yonke into, ngisho nezinto ezinzima kakhulu.
Izidladla eziqinile ezinezinzwani ezinhlanu. Izipho azibuyiseli emuva, njengakuwo wonke ama-feline, futhi izindawo lapho kutholakala khona amapayipi athambile zimbozwe izinwele ezinoboya. Imilenze yobude obuphakathi isiza isilwane ekugxumeni okuxakile, ukugijima ngokushesha, nokubonisa ukushesha.
Umhlwenga udlula emzimbeni omude, ongaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ukuphakama, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentamo uye ebanzi ngasemsileni, ongena kancane kancane ngasekupheleni. Uboya obufushane besilwane abuhlukile ngekhwalithi nobuhle. Ubuningi bejazi buyehluka kuye ngezindawo.
Ikhava eminyene kakhulu isemsileni, incane, ayilingani, imangele emzimbeni. Lapho isilwane sithukile, ngezikhathi zobungozi, uboya buyama buphele, bukhulise kakhulu ubukhulu besilwane esidlayo. Civet ikhula kahle ukuze ibonakale inkudlwana, kwesinye isikhathi izingela emuva, njengekati langempela, ime eceleni ukubonisa ubukhulu bayo obusabekayo.
Umbala wesilwane uhlukile. Phambili isifonyo, intamo, njengokungathi imaskhi emnyama, efana nengubo ye-raccoon. Ithoni ejwayelekile yejazi isuka kokuphuzi ngokubomvu kuya kokumpunga nsundu. Iphethini enemigqa enemibala, imnyama kunengemuva eliyinhloko. Engxenyeni ekude yomzimba, umbala wejazi ufana nesikhumba sempisi. Izinyawo zihlala zimnyama. Umsila unamasongo amnyama angama-4-5, kanti ichopho uqobo linsundu ngombala.
UCivet esithombeni isilwane esihle impela, esinokubukeka okungavamile. Izilwane zihanjiswa ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo, e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. I-Civet ihlala eChina, eHimalaya, eMadagascar, kwamanye amazwe asezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia. Akunakwenzeka ukubona i-civet ezweni lethu ezimweni zemvelo, ngisho nase-zoo akuvamile.
Isilwane esimangalisayo sisohlwini lweRed Book, esivikelwe yizinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zokuvikela izilwane. Ekuthunjweni, ama-civet athanjiswa kahle uma abanjwa esemncane. Abanikazi bagcina izilwane emakhejini, bondle izilwane ezidla inyama.
Abenzi bamakha, abakhangwa yimfihlo enukayo yezilwane, bakhombise intshisekelo ethile ezilwaneni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izindleko zezindlala zangasese ze-civet zibiza imali enkulu. Isithako se-civet ezikhathini zasendulo sasifanele isisindo saso ngegolide. Kugqanyisiwe i-civet musk esetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemithi.
Ubungcweti bokubamba i-civet, obufakwa emfudlaneni, buhlotshaniswa nokuzingelwa kwama-civets, ukufuywa kwezilwane. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane ezincane kancane kancane zinamathela kubantu. Abantu abadala kunzima kakhulu ukuthambisa. Ukusondela kwabantu kubangela isasasa, ukukhathazeka ngezilwane ezivuthiwe. Zishwibeka, ziphakamise uboya bazo, zigobise imihlane yazo, futhi zikhiphe imiski ngephunga elibi.
E-Ethiopia, kunamapulazi aphelele okugcina ama-civet; amakha ama-elite aseFrance enziwa ngemikhiqizo enikeziwe. Emkhakheni wesimanje wamakha, ukuhweba nge-civet sekuya ngokufuna okuncane ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwemiski yokwenziwa. Ukuzingelwa kwe-civet kuya ngokuya kuncipha.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zama-civet, okuyiwona ase-Afrika amakhulu kunawo wonke. Izinhlobo zikaLeakey seziphelile.
I-Malabar civet. Umbala wezilwane ezincane (ubude obufinyelela ku-80 cm, isisindo esingu-8 kg) ikakhulukazi umpunga onsundu, unamabala amakhulu amnyama ezinhlangothini zomzimba, emathangeni. Umugqa omnyama welulekela ogwini. Umsila, umphimbo we-civet onemigqa emnyama mpunga.
Izinhlobo eziyivelakancane, inani ngalinye labantu elingadluli kubantu abangama-50. Inani lezilwane ezisindile cishe zingama-250. Lihlala emahlathini emasimini amancane e-cashew eNdiya, asongelwa ukugawulwa okukhulu. Ukutakulwa kwezilwane kubonakala kuphela ngokuzalanisa izithunjwa.
I-civet enamabala amakhulu. Umlomo womlomo walezi zilwane ezidla kakhulu ufana kakhulu nenja. Ubukhulu besilwane buphansi kancane kunezinhlobo ze-civet zase-Afrika. Igama likhuluma ngombala wesici. Amabala amakhulu ahlangana abe yimivimbo, kwakheke iphethini emile noma evundlile.
Imivimbo emnyama nemhlophe ihlobisa umphimbo, intamo, umsila wesilwane. Uzipho oluhlehlisekayo luhlukanisa abantu abahlala ehlathini elihlala liluhlaza, elisogwini lwaseCambodia, eChina, eNdiya, eVietnam. Yize ama-civet angabagibeli abaphambili, adla kuphela umhlaba. Izilwane zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezinabantu abasengozini.
Tangalunga. I-civet encane enenqwaba yemivimbo emsileni nokubonakala kaningi ngemuva. Umugqa omnyama ogudla phakathi nendawo kakhalo ugijimela emaphethelweni omsila.
Ngezansi komzimba, umbala woboya obumhlophe uyakhuphuka unamabala amnyama aze afike emphinjeni. Ngobuqili ugibela ezihlahleni, kepha ukhetha impilo yasemhlabeni. Ihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezivikelekile zaseMalay Peninsula, ePhilippines nakwezinye iziqhingi eziseduze.
I-civet enkulu (i-Asia). Isidlakudla esikhulu kuhlobo lwaso sihlala emahlathini emazweni ase-Asia, sitholakala emagqumeni afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1500. Ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-95 cm, isisindo cishe esingu-9 kg. Ukuqhathanisa i-civet encane ingeqi ku-55 cm ubude.
Kuhola impilo yokuphila wedwa ebusuku, ejwayelekile e-Indochina, eNepal, eVietnam. Isilwane esihle esinomsila oluhlaza. Umzimba omkhulu unombala onsundu onsundu. Ukushintshaniswa kwemivimbo emnyama nokumhlophe kuhlobisa umsila nentamo ende yesilwane. Isilwane sithanda izintaba zomhlaba, imithambeka enamagquma.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Isilwane sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, sikhetha ukuhlala phakathi kotshani obude obunamachashazi amahlathi, ukuze sihlale sifihlekile emehlweni abukhali. I-civet yesundu uhlala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zamahlathi ashisayo.
Izilwane ziyakwazi ukucasha, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukubona i-civet ezilwaneni zasendle. Imfuneko yokuba khona esizeni sasekhaya yindawo yokugcina amanzi eseduze. AmaCivets awasibekezeleli isomiso. Izilwane zithanda ukuphola, isimo sezulu esimanzi, ukubhukuda kahle.
Abadli bangamasizungu empilweni, bahlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Izidleke zihlelwe emigodini yabanye abantu, imvamisa zithwebula indawo yokuhlala i-aardvark, i-anteater. Kwesinye isikhathi uhlala phansi emigodini emidala, emigedeni.
Izilwane azimbe izindawo zazo zokucasha, ngoba izidladla azilungiselelwa kahle ukumba. Izindawo ezivalekile zidingeka kuphela kwabesifazane abanamathole, futhi abantu abakhululekile abazenzi indawo ehlala njalo. Emini, izilwane ziyaphumula phakathi kotshani obude, izimpande zezihlahla ezibophelekile, kuthi kusihlwa ziyozingela.
Isikhathi esisebenza kakhulu ngamahora okushona kwelanga kuze kube phakathi kwamabili. Indawo yokuzingela imakwe nge-musk enephunga, indle. Izilwane zimaka indawo yazo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Imininingwane ekuhogela kokufihlwa kwezindlala zangasese ingazodwana, igcina izici zomuntu ngamunye.
Yize izilwane zingangeni ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, noma kunjalo ziyaxhumana nezihlobo zazo, zikhipha amasignali ezwi ngokubhonga, ukukhwehlela nokuhleka. Izici zamazwi zidlulisa imininingwane ngokuvikelwa, ukulungela ukuxhumana, izinsongo.
Isikhathi esiningi ama-civet asichitha emhlabathini, yize azi ukukhuphuka ngobuhlakani ezihlahleni nasemagqumeni. Ubungcweti bemvelo buvumela izidlakela ezinesibindi ukuthi zingene ngisho emapulazini ukuzitika ngenkukhu nemfuyo encane, okungathandisi abalimi bendawo.
Ezweni lakubo lama-civet, izakhamizi zisebenzisa ngenkuthalo i-civet, isilwane musk, ukufafaza amakhaya abo. Iphunga, elithandwa ngabaseMalay, alibekezeleleki kubantu baseYurophu abangajwayele lezo zici.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwesilwane esidlayo kubandakanya izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ukweqa okumangalisayo kubonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi isilwane size sidle izitshalo ezinobuthi, isidumbu - okuningi okwenqatshwa ezinye izakhamuzi zomhlaba ophilayo.
Ekuzingeleni kusihlwa, ama-civet abamba izinyoni ezincane namagundane. Bahlala baqamekele isikhathi eside, belinde ukusondela kwezisulu. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlasela, babambe ngobunyoninco izisulu ngamazinyo abo. Umzingeli uluma umgogodla ngamazinyo, udle umunyu entanyeni. I-civet ayisebenzisi izidladla ukusika izidumbu. Isilwane sibamba isisulu ngomlomo waso ngamazinyo, siphule amathambo ngenqubo yokunqekuzisa ikhanda.
Ama-Civets ngokuzithandela adla izinambuzane, izibungu zawo, abhubhise izidleke, adle amaqanda namachwane, abheke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, acoshe izidumbu ezibolile ezigcwele amabhaktheriya, enza ukuhlanzwa kwendle ezimweni zemvelo. Ukuhlaselwa okwaziwayo kwama-civets ezinkukhu ezifuywayo, ezinye izilwane zasegcekeni.
Izithelo zeCivet zifaka futhi ekudleni kwayo, zidla izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, izingxenye ezithambile zamahlanga ommbila, izithelo ezinobuthi zamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngisho ne-strychnine etholakala esitshalweni se-chilebukha, i-emetic, ayilimazi ama-civets.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abesifazane beCivet bavuthwa ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa. Isikhathi sokumatanisa siyehluka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Isimo esibalulekile sesikhathi sokuzala inala yokudla nenkathi efudumele. ENtshonalanga Afrika, ama-civet azala unyaka wonke, eNingizimu Afrika - kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kuya kuJanuwari, eKenya, eTanzania - kusuka ngoMashi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukukhula kombungu kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-2-3. Phakathi nonyaka, i-civet yesifazane iletha udoti ama-2-3, ngalinye lineziyingi ezingafika ku-4-5.
Ukubonakala kwenzalo, i-civet ihlomisa umhume. Indawo yesidleke ayakhiwe, kepha ikhethwa phakathi kwemigodi elahliwe yezilwane ezinkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ihlala emahlathini aminyene, phakathi kwezimpande ezihlanganisiwe notshani.
Amathole azalwa esekhule ngokugcwele. Imizimba imbozwe izinwele ezithambile, kanti imidlwane ingakhasa ngisho. Uboya, uma kuqhathaniswa nezilwane ezindala, bumnyama, bufushane, iphethini alizwakali kahle. Ngosuku lwesihlanu, izingane ziyama ngezinyawo, zikhombise indlela yokudlala ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 ubudala, kuthi ngosuku lweshumi nesishiyagalombili, zishiye indawo yokukhosela.
Insikazi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa inzalo isuthisa imidlwane ngobisi kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha. Eminyakeni yezinyanga ezimbili, baqala ukuthola ukudla ngokuzimela, balahlekelwe ukuncika obisini lukamama.
Isikhathi sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-10-12. Ezimweni zabantu, isikhathi sokuphila sikhuphukela ku-15-20. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-civet ase-Afrika athunjiwe abulala imidlwane esanda kuzalwa futhi adle inzalo yawo.
Civet nekhofi
Bambalwa abathandi, ngisho nabathandi bekhofi, abaziyo ngobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinhlobo ezibiza kakhulu emhlabeni, "iKopi Luwak". Indlela engajwayelekile idala isimo esingaqondakali ngomkhiqizo, kepha lokhu akuthinti nganoma iyiphi indlela amasiko asunguliwe, ukufunwa okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zezinhlobonhlobo ze-elite, eziphakeme kakhulu kunekhofi yemvelo yokusanhlamvu. Yini ukuxhumana phakathi kwesilwane i-civet nekhofi?
Imfihlo ilele ekutheni i-civet incamela ukudla izithelo zekhofi ezivuthiwe kakhulu. Kuhlelo lokugaya ukudla kwesidalwa sasendle, izinhlamvu azigcini ngokweqile, ama-enzyme wejusi lesisu asusa kuphela ubumunyu obutholakala esiphuzweni. Izithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ngemuva kokucubungulwa kwangaphakathi emgodini wokugaya isilwane, zikhishwa zingashintshiwe.
Abalimi baqoqa umkhiqizo obalulekile, bageze kahle, bome, bathengisele abathengisi. Ibhizinisi leCivet lidumile eVietnam, e-Indonesia, ePhilippines, e-South India, eJava, eSulawesi nakwezinye iziqhingi zase-Indonesia. Ezinye izifundazwe zinemikhawulo ekuqoqweni kwesitulo se-civet.
Ukuvela kwesiphuzo esiphakeme kwaba ngumphumela wokuncipha kobuholi bobuholi base-East Indies, obenqabela abomdabu ukunambitha izithelo zezihlahla zekhofi abazitshalile. Umlimi ohehayo waba ngowokuqala ukuthola indlela yokunambitha isiphuzo esingaziwa, ngemuva kwalokho wathola ukuthandwa okungakaze kube khona, yize abaningi kuze kube manje bacabanga indlela yokulungiselela ubuqaba.
Kwenziwe imizamo yokufuya izilwane ngezinga lezimboni ngenhloso yokukhiqiza ikhofi elimnandi kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ethandwa malay civet - isilwane esincane, esifinyelela ku-54 cm ubude, isisindo esifinyelela ku-4 kg. Igama lesibili lesilwane u-musang, kanti ikhofi elitholwe ngemuva kokucutshungulwa yizilwane ikhofi le-musang.
Kepha ochwepheshe beqiniso bayaqaphela umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesiphuzo esitholwe kubhontshisi wezimboni nekhofi ezithelweni ezivuniwe ngabalimi. Isizathu sokwehla kwekhwalithi silele ekutheni izilwane ezitshalweni zekhofi azikhethi ubhontshisi, kepha zidla lezo ezinikezwe zona. Indlela yendabuko i-oda lobukhulu obuphakeme kunaleyo yezimboni.
Ikhofi leCivet alijwayelekile njengezilwane uqobo. Abantu abathanjisiwe banokuthula, bayaqeqeshwa, bahle ngaphandle kwenhloso yobugovu yokuthola ubhontshisi wekhofi noma wegolide kusuka esilwaneni.
