Ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni zaseGrisi lasendulo, kukhulunywa ngezidalwa ezimbi, uhhafu wezinyoni, uhhafu wabesifazane, onkulunkulu ababathumela kubantu abanecala njengesijeziso. Bantshontsha imiphefumulo yabantu, bathumba izingane, ukudla nemfuyo.
Lawa madodakazi anamaphiko onkulunkulu basolwandle uTavmant kanye ne-oceanids i-Electra aqapha amasango eTartarus engaphansi komhlaba, ngezikhathi ezithile ehlasela izindawo zokuhlala zabantu, ebhubhisa futhi enyamalala ngokushesha njengesivunguvungu. Umqondo "harpy"Kususelwa olimini lwesiGreki kuhunyushwa ngokuthi" ukuthumba "," ukubamba ". Iyesabeka futhi iyathandeka ngasikhathi sinye. Le nyoni edla inyama ingeye-hawk efana nomndeni omncane we-harpy. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi waqanjwa ngezidalwa zasenganekwaneni, wayenentukuthelo embi.
AmaNdiya ayengesabi ngisho nenyoni eyodwa edla inyama efana neharpy. Ukushesha, usayizi, ukucasuka namandla kwenza lezi zinyoni zisongele. Abanikazi bamasimu ePeruvia bamemezele impi ephelele kuma-harpies lapho bezingela izilwane ezifuywayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola izinyoni noma inja encane, lo mzingeli ongenangqondo wayehlala ehamba nazo.
AmaNdiya ayenezinganekwane zokuthi inyoni eyi-harpy yakwazi ukushaya ikhanda lesilwane hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa nomuntu onomlomo waso. Futhi isimilo sakhe sinonya futhi siyacasuka. Noma ngubani owayekwazi ukumbamba futhi amgcine ekuthunjweni wayehlonishwa kakhulu yizihlobo zakhe. Iqiniso ukuthi abantu bendawo benza ubucwebe obugugu kakhulu neziphonso ngezimpaphe zalezi zinyoni. Futhi kulula ukuzithola enyoni ebanjwe isencane kunokuzingela izinyoni ezindala.
Uma omunye wabomdabu enenhlanhla yokubulala i-harpy yabantu abadala baseNingizimu Melika, ngokuziqhenya wahamba waya kuwo wonke amaqhugwane, eqoqa intela kuwo wonke umuntu oyisimo sommbila, amaqanda, izinkukhu nokunye. Inyama yenkukhu yaseHarpy, amanoni nolahla kwakwaziswa izizwe zakwa-Amazon, futhi zabongwa ngezindawo zokuphulukisa eziyisimangaliso. Isimo sasePanama sikhethe isithombe salomzingeli omangalisayo ngengubo yaso, njengesimboli sezwe.
Manje inyoni ye-harpy ifakiwe eNcwadini Ebomvu. Sekusele abantu ababalelwa ku-50 000 kuphela, inani labo lehla ngokungenakuphikiswa ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokukhiqizwa kwenzalo okungajwayelekile. Umndeni owodwa wezinyoni ezingama-harpy ukhiqiza futhi ukhulise izinyane elilodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ngakho-ke amahabhu asezindaweni zokulawulwa kombuso okuthuthukisiwe. Akunakuphendulwa inganekwane, kudabuke futhi hhayi neze kusuka eGrisi lasendulo ...
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni yaseNingizimu Melika eyi-harpy unamandla futhi ugcwele amandla. Eqinisweni, ukhozi lwasehlathini. Inkulu, ifinyelela kumitha ngosayizi, inamaphiko amaphiko amamitha amabili. Amahabhu angabesifazane ngokuvamile acishe aphindwe kabili kunabalingani bawo, futhi anesisindo esingaphezulu, cishe esingu-9 kg. Futhi abesilisa bangaba ngu-4.5-4.8 kg. Abesifazane banamandla amakhulu, kepha abesilisa bayashesha ukushesha. Umehluko wombala awubonakali.
Ikhanda likhulu, linombala okhanyayo ngombala. Futhi ihlotshiswe ngomlomo odlayo ogobile womthunzi omnyama, uqine kakhulu futhi uphakanyiswe phezulu. Imilenze iminyene, iphelela ezinzwaneni ezinde kanye nezinzipho ezinkulu ezigobile. Izimpaphe zithambile futhi ziningi.
Ingemuva ilu-slate-grey, isisu simhlophe ngamachashazi e-anthracite, umsila namaphiko nakho kuyimpunga emnyama ngemichilo emnyama nokumhlophe, kanye "nomgexo" omnyama entanyeni. Uma i-harpy iyaluza, izimpaphe ezisekhanda layo ziyama, ziba njengezindlebe noma izimpondo. UHarpy uboniswe esithombeni kuvame ukuvela nabo.
Kunesici esisodwa esigqame kakhulu sale nyoni - izimpaphe ezinde ngemuva kwekhanda, nazo ezikhuphuka ngokuvuka okunamandla, ziba njenge hood. Ngalesi sikhathi, bathi, ukuzwa kwabo kuyathuthuka.
Ama-paaw anamandla, ahlukanisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzipho luyisikhali esesabekayo. Cishe ibe ngu-10 cm ubude, icijile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Inkemba, futhi akukho okunye. Le nyoni inamandla, iyakwazi ukuphakamisa isisindo esijwayelekile ngezidladla zayo, inyamazane encane noma inja, ngokwesibonelo.
Amehlo amnyama, ahlakaniphile, ukuzwa kuhle kakhulu, ukubona kwehlukile. I-harpy iyakwazi ukubona into elingana nohlamvu lwemali engama-ruble amahlanu kusuka ku-200 m. Endizeni ithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h. Yize i-harpy ingeye-oda loKlebe, ngobukhulu bayo, ukuqapha nokufana kwayo ibizwa ngokuthi ukhozi olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Izinhlobo
Eziningi futhi ezidumile phakathi kwamahabhu yiNingizimu Melika noma iharpy enkulu... Le nyoni manje iyinyoni enkulu edla inyama emhlabeni, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi.
Ihlala phezulu, amamitha ayi-900-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kwesinye isikhathi ize ifike kumamitha ayi-2000. Ngokwososayensi, inyoni yaseNingizimu Melika eyi-harpy iyisibili ngobukhulu kuphela kunokhozi lwenganekwane i-Haast, eyanyamalala ngekhulu le-15. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu ze-harpy - iNew Guinea, iGuiana kanye nePhilippines.
IGuiana harpy inosayizi womzimba ongu-70 kuya ku-90 cm, amaphiko ayo angaba ngu-1.5 m (138-176 cm). Abesilisa banesisindo esisuka ku-1.75 kg kuye ku-3 kg, abesifazane bakhulu kancane. Bahlala eNingizimu Melika, bahlala endaweni enkulu ukusuka eGuatemala kuya enyakatho ye-Argentina. Le ndawo ihlanganisa izifundazwe eziningi: iHonduras, iFrench Guiana, iBrazil, iParaguay, impumalanga yeBolivia, njll. Ukuhlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, bathanda izigodi zemifula.
Inyoni esikhulile inesigaxa esikhulu esimnyama ekhanda nasemsileni omude. Inhloko nentamo uqobo kuyizinsundu, umzimba ongezansi umhlophe, kepha kukhona ama-chocolate specks esiswini. Ingemuva kunsundu, kumnyama ngombala ngama-asphalt specks. Izimpiko ezibanzi nomsila omkhulu zivumela izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuba zikwazi ukuhamba ngobunyoninco phakathi kwamahlathi ukuze ziphishekele inyamazane.
Inyoni yaseGuiana harpy ingahlangana neharpy yaseNingizimu Melika. Kepha incane kunalokho, ngakho-ke inomkhiqizo omncane. Ugwema ukubangisana nesihlobo esikhulu. Imenyu yayo yakhiwe yizilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni nezinyoka.
I-guinea harpy entsha - inyoni edla inyama, esukela kubukhulu obusuka kuma-75 kuye kuma-90 cm.Amaphampu angenazo izimpaphe. Izimpiko zifushane. Umsila onemivimbo enemibala yamalahle. Izici ezihlukile yidiski yobuso ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-crest encane kepha ehlala unomphela ekhanda. Umzimba ophezulu ungumbala onsundu, ompunga, ongezansi ulula, upastel futhi beige. Uqhwaku lumnyama.
Ukudla kwayo ngama-macaque, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni kanye nama-amphibians. Uhlala emahlathini emvula eNew Guinea. Ihlala phezulu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, cishe ngo-3.5-4 km. Uncamela impilo ezinzile. Kwesinye isikhathi iyakwazi ukugijima phansi ilandele isisulu, kepha imvamisa iyazulazula emoyeni, ilalele futhi ibheke eduze imisindo yehlathi.
I-Philippine Harpy (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Monkey Eagle) yabonakala ngekhulu le-19 esiqhingini sasePhilippines iSamar. Kuyo yonke le minyaka selokhu yatholakala, izibalo zayo zehle kakhulu. Manje sekuyivelakancane, inani labantu manje lehle laya ku-200-400.
Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yokushushiswa ngokungalinganiseli ngabantu nokuphazamiseka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuqedwa kwamahlathi. Lokhu kusongela ukuqothulwa. Uhlala eziqhingini zasePhilippines nasehlathini elishisayo. Kunabantu abaningana ema-zoo adumile.
Ibukeka ifana nezinye izinyoni zomndeni wayo - iqolo elinombala we-asphalt, isisu esikhanyayo, ukhakhayi ekhanda, uqhwaku oluqinile oluncane kanye nezidladla eziphuzi ezinamabala. Ikhanda ngokwalo linombala omhlophe ophuzi ngombala onamachashaza amnyama.
Ubukhulu bale harpy bufinyelela ku-1 m, iphiko lempiko lingaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Abesifazane banesisindo esifinyelela ku-8 kg, abesilisa kuze kufike ku-4 kg. Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu - ama-macaque, kuhlasela izinkukhu ezifuywayo, kundizela ezindaweni zokuhlala. Ingabuye ihlasele izilwane ezinkulu - ziqaphele izibankwa, izinyoni, izinyoka nezinkawu.
Ayideleli amalulwane, izingwejeje zesundu nezimpiko ezinoboya. Zizingela ngababili ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kunesinye. Zisungule kakhulu - enye indizela esiqintini sama-macaque, iyaziphazamisa, bese eyesibili ibamba inyamazane ngokushesha. Kuwukuziqhenya kwezwe kanye nemascot yasePhilippines. Ngokubulala kwakhe kujeziswa kanzima ukwedlula owomuntu. Ngomqondo othile, ingabalwa phakathi kwezihlobo zama-harpies nezinkozi ezigudlukile, izinkozi zekhayithi, kanye nondlunkulu.
Isazi semvelo esidumile u-Alfred Bram, umhlanganisi womsebenzi omangazayo "The Life of Animals", unikeze incazelo ejwayelekile yezinyoni zomndeni woKlebe. Kuningi okufana ngohlamvu lwabo, indlela yabo yokuphila nokubukeka kwabo.
Zonke zingezinyoni ezidla ukudla kusuka ekuhlelweni kwezinyoni ezilwayo, zondla kuphela ezilwaneni eziphilayo. Ababhekani nobunzima kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzingela, babamba ngokulinganayo isisulu lapho sindiza, futhi lapho sigijima, sihlala noma sibhukuda. Bonke abajikelezayo bohlobo lwabo. Izindawo zokwakhiwa kwezidleke zikhethwa yizona ezifihlwe kakhulu. Amaphethini wesizini nokuzalisa ngokuyisisekelo afanayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inyoni yaseNingizimu Melika i-harpy itholakala kuwo wonke amahlathi amakhulu eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kusukela eMexico kuya maphakathi neBrazil, nasolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean kuya ePacific. Imvamisa ihlala ezindaweni ezikhule kakhulu, eduze kwamanzi. Futhi bahlala ngababili kuphela, futhi bathembeke kuze kube phakade komunye nomunye.
Izidleke zakhiwe ziphakeme kakhulu, cishe ngamamitha angama-50 ukuphakama. Isidleke sibanzi, singama-1.7 m ububanzi nokuningi, isakhiwo siqinile, senziwe ngamagatsha awugqinsi, ubulembu namaqabunga. Ohadi abathanda ukundiza besuka endaweni beya kwenye, bakhetha ukwakha isidleke esisodwa iminyaka eminingana. Indlela yabo yokuphila ihlezi.
Kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa eliphuzi. Inzalo yasebukhosini. Nabazali bakhulisa iphuphu. Ezinyangeni eziyishumi ubudala, usevele endiza kahle, kodwa uhlala nabazali bakhe. Futhi labo, njengokungathi banomuzwa wokuthi bambalwa kakhulu kubo, bayamvikela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Eduze kwesidleke, i-harpy ingahlasela umuntu futhi imlimaze kabi.
I-harpy enkulu kunazo zonke ehlala esiqiwini nguJezebeli. Isisindo sakhe sasingu-12.3 kg. Kepha lokhu kwehlukile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Inyoni ebanjiwe ayikwazi ukumela izinga lesisindo. Uhamba kancane kunasendle, futhi udla kakhulu.
Abantu abaningi bafuna ukuthenga inyoni ye-harpy, naphezu kokuyinkimbinkimbi kokuqukethwe. Akunandaba ngentengo. Ekuthunjweni, bazama ukugcina izimo ziseduze nokujwayelekile. Kodwa ama-zoo amahle kuphela angenza lokhu. Umuntu wangasese akadingi ukuthatha umthwalo ngempilo yalesi sidalwa esimangalisayo. Bambalwa kakhulu kubo.
Kukhona okunye okubhekwayo ngamahabhu athunjiwe. Enkanjini, angahlala enganyakazi isikhathi eside, ukuze kwesinye isikhathi umthathe angabi nampilo noma inyoni egxishiwe. Ngokwazi kwakhe ukufihla, ngakho-ke angathukuthela noma abe nolaka lapho ebona enye inyoni noma isilwane.
Ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukugijima ngokungaphezi azungeze ikheji, ukukhuluma kwakhe kuyasendle, ujabule kakhulu, enze ukunyakaza okungazelelwe futhi amemeze kakhulu. Njengoba ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside ngokwanele, akabi mncane, akalokothi athembele futhi angajwayeli abantu, angahlasela ngisho nomuntu. Lapho ithukuthele, inyoni eyi-harpy ingagoba imigoqo yensimbi yekheji. Nasi isiboshwa esiyingozi kangaka.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-harpy idla izilwane ezincelisayo. USloths, izinkawu, ama-possum namakhala kuyimenyu yakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi ubamba amapholi nezinyoka. Kungafaka ezinye izinyoni ezinkulu kwimenyu kaningi. I-Agouti, i-anteater, i-armadillo nayo ingaba isisulu sayo. Futhi kuphela yena, mhlawumbe, okwazi ukubhekana nezinkuni zokhuni. Izingulube, amawundlu, izinkukhu, izinja, ngisho namakati angaba yizisulu.
Ngabe inyoni yezilwane harpy kunegama lesibili - umudli wenkawu. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuba umlutha we-gastronomic, wayevame kakhulu futhi usengozini yempilo yakhe. Izizwe eziningi zendawo zibheka izinkawu njengezilwane ezingcwele, ngokulandelana, umzingeli wazo uyabulawa.
Zizingela zodwa emini. Izisulu zawo zivame ukucasha phakathi kwamagatsha futhi zicabange ukuthi azinakuhlaselwa. Kodwa inyoni edla inyama, i-harpy, inyonyoba ngokushesha, ihamba kalula phakathi kwamahlathi, bese izithela ngokuzumayo.
Izidladla eziqinile ziyayikhama ngokuqinile, kwesinye isikhathi yephula amathambo. Kodwa-ke, akukho lutho olumvimba ekuqhubeni inyamazane yakhe ethafeni. Angathatha kalula inkuzi. Ngenxa yejubane nokushesha kwakhe, ukugwemeka nokuba nolaka, okufana nomfanekiso wakhe wasenganekwaneni, wathola leli gama.
Inyoni yaseNingizimu Melika iHarpy isilwane esingajwayelekile sobuqili. Ukhipha uqhoqhoqho esidlweni esiphilayo, asenze sihlupheke isikhathi eside. Lesi sihluku siyalwa yimvelo. Le nyoni iletha ukudla kuchwane lisashisa, kunephunga elibi legazi. Ngakho umfundisa ukuzingela. I-harpy ayinazitha, ngoba iphezulu kochungechunge lokudla, futhi nangokwezindawo zokuhlala.
Indlala yenyoni ebanjiwe ayaneliseki. Ibanjwe isencane, inyoni yaseNingizimu Melika eyi-harpy yadla ingulube, i-turkey, inkukhu nocezu olukhulu lwenyama yenkomo ngosuku olulodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhombisa ukunemba nobuhlakani, enakekela ubumsulwa bokudla kwakhe.
Uma ukudla bekungcolile, uqale ngokukuphonsa esitsheni esinamanzi. Ngalo mqondo, bahluke ngokuphelele kuma "namesake" abo asenganekwaneni. Lokho kwakudume ngokungahlanzeki nephunga elibi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
UHarpy uyinyoni ethembekile ngokumangalisayo. Lo mbhangqwana wakhiwa unomphela. Singasho ngabo "ukwethembeka kwe-swan". Izimiso zokudala inzalo ziyefana kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamahabhu.
Njengoba sezikhethe umlingani, amahabhu aqala ukwakha isidleke sazo. Okungukuthi, umbhangqwana osemusha uzinikeza wona kanye nenzalo yawo yesikhathi esizayo ngendlu. Izidleke ziphakeme, zinkulu futhi ziqinile. Kodwa ngaphambi kokubekwa ngakunye okusha, amahabhu aqinisa, andise futhi alungise.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngenkathi yemvula, entwasahlobo. Kepha hhayi minyaka yonke, kepha njalo eminyakeni emibili. Zizwa inkathi yokukhwelana esondela, izinyoni ziziphatha ngokuthula, ngaphandle kokuphikisana, sezivele zinendawo "yokuhlala" kanye nezithandani.
Insikazi ivamise ukukhiqiza iqanda elilodwa elikhulu elinombala ophuzi okuncane ngamachashazi, kuyaqabukela kube mabili. Intshontsho lesibili kuphela, ngokuzalwa, elincishwa ukunakwa kukanina, inhliziyo yakhe inikezwa izibulo. Futhi uvamise ukufela esidlekeni.
Zinolaka futhi zicasukile, izinyoni ezingama-harpy esidlekeni ziphinda kabili lezo zimfanelo. Inyoni eyi-harpy ifukamela iqanda cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Umama kuphela ohlala ku-clutch, inhloko yomndeni ngalesi sikhathi imondla ngokucophelela.
Ichwane lichanyuselwa kakade ngenkathi eyomile, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-50 zokufukamela. Bese kuthi bobabili abazali bandize bayozingela. Ingane ihlala ekhaya, ukuzijabulisa ukubuka umhlaba omzungezile. Kusukela esemncane, amatshwele ayizwa intuitively inyamazane yawo.
Zisabela ngokuqinile ezinkawini, zopholi, nama-sloth, zibethuse ngokukhala kwazo. Uma iphuphu le-harpy lilambile, kepha bengakabi bikho abazali, liyakhala kakhulu, lishaye izimpiko zalo, libanxuse ukuba babuye nesilwane sabo. I-harpy iletha isisulu esifana nengxenye esifile ngqo esidlekeni, lapho iphuphu lisiqedela khona, lisinyathele ngezinyawo. Ngakho-ke ufunda ukubulala inyamazane eyedwa.
Isikhathi eside, cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, ubaba nomama abakhathalelayo bakhulisa iphuphu ngokuqinile, bese "beqa" imisebenzi yabo, bandise izikhawu phakathi kokuvela esidlekeni. Imvelo ikubone kusengaphambili lokhu kuthuthuka kwemicimbi, ngakho iphuphu lihamba lingadli izinsuku eziyi-10-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, usevele uyazi ukuthi angandiza kanjani futhi azingele kancane.
Zivuthwa ngeminyaka emi-4-5. Ngemuva kwalokho umbala ukhanya ngokwengeziwe, uba muhle ngokwengeziwe, ucebe ngokwengeziwe. Futhi izilwane ezidla ezinye zivuthwe ngokuphelele eminyakeni yobudala emi-5-6. Izinyoni zeHarpy zihlala ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
