Inja yeRaccoon - umhlaseli ovela emndenini omkhulu we-canine. Lathola igama lalo ngenxa yokufana okuthile ne-raccoon. Abakwa-Evenki bakubiza ngokuthi i-mangut, amaJapane bakubiza ngokuthi i-tanuki noma neoguri.
Incazelo nezici
UTanuki uyisilwane esimnyama esidla izambane likapondo. Ikhanda linomlomo ocijile. Izindawo ezinamandla okuphendukela emathempelini zilula. Izinkambu ezimnyama ezizungeze amehlo. Ukuqhuma koboya ezihlathini. Izinguquko ezibukhali zethoni zakha uhlobo lwesifihla-buso. Inja yeRaccoon ifanekisiwe kungaphutha nge-raccoon, izici zabo zomzimba zifana kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-66-80. Awudluli usayizi wempungushe. Umsila awude, u-21-24 cm kuphela. Isisindo sincike enkathini. Entwasahlobo isisindo sesilwane sincane, asidluli ku-3-4 kg. Ehlobo, kufinyelela ku-5-6 kg. Ekwindla inja iyakhuluphala, iba nesisindo esiphindwe kabili kunesentwasahlobo, isisindo esingu-8-10 kg.
Umzimba umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, obukhulu. Umbala ungwevu omnyama nekhofi noma umbala obomvu. Umugqa omnyama, ongacacile ugijima phezulu ngemuva. Isifuba sicishe sibe mnyama. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imhlophe qwa. Ehlobo, uboya buncane, bulula. Ebusika, ijazi eliphezulu lide futhi liqinile, ingubo yangaphansi iyajiya.
Lesi silwane sathola igama laso ngokufana kwalo ne-raccoon
I-Molting yenzeka kabili ngonyaka. Ukushintshwa koboya basehlobo ngengubo yoboya basebusika kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba. I-Spring molt iqala ngo-Ephreli iphele ngoJuni. Ekwindla, isilwane siphuma emsileni siye ekhanda. Entwasahlobo, kunalokho - kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni.
Indawo yokuqala yisifunda sase-Amur, isigodi somfula i-Ussuri, iChina esenyakatho, i-Peninsula yaseKorea, iziqhingi iHokaido neHanshu. Ngekhulu lama-20, eminyakeni engama-30, ukukhula komnotho kwe-USSR kwathinta imboni yoboya. Amapulazi e-Fur adalwa engxenyeni yezwe laseYurophu. Kwenziwa ucwaningo ukuxazulula izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane kulezi zindawo.
Inja ye-raccoon yenze kahle futhi yasabalala kulo lonke elaseNyakatho neMpumalanga Yurophu. Saqala ukuhlangana ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nezwekazi laseYurophu. EScandinavia, lesi silwane sihlukaniswa njengezilwane eziyingozi ezifakiwe, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela wazo emvelweni.
Umkhawulo wasenyakatho wokusatshalaliswa engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia naseScandinavia unqunyelwe yi-65th parallel. Ngaphandle kwama-Urals, lesi silwane asikwazanga ukuphila ngenxa yobusika beqhwa nobusika. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka kumele lidlule ku-0 ° C. Iqhwa elingaphezu kuka-800 mm akufanele liwe ebusika.
Indawo yokwabiwa, i-biocenosis iyilokho ukuthi i-raccoon yehluke kanjani enjeni ye-raccoon... Kulokhu kungangezwa isimo esihlukile ekudleni: i-raccoon iyisilwane esidla ezinye, i-tanuki iyisidalwa esimnandi.
Ukungafani kwe-anatomical nangaphandle kukhona. Futhi umehluko wezakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-raccoon ihlukaniswa njenge-raccoon noma i-Procyonidae, kanti inja ye-raccoon ihlukaniswa njenge-canid noma i-Canidae.
Izinhlobo
Kukhona ama-subspecies ama-5 ezinhlotsheni zezinja ze-raccoon.
- Ama-subspecies amaShayina. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yiNtshonalanga yeChina.
- Izinhlobo ezingaphansi zaseKorea. Ukuphila nokuzala ePeninsula YaseKorea.
- Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-Yunnan. Kutholakala eningizimu yeChina naseVietnam.
- Ussuri subspecies. Wazi kahle isifunda sase-Amur, iMpumalanga Ekude neNyakatho yeChina.
- Ama-subspecies aseJapan. I-Areal - iziqhingi zeziqhingi zaseJapan.
Ama-subspecies e-Ussuri aba yingxenye yezilingo zokukhulisa izilwane emapulazini anoboya nokuzethula ezindaweni ezintsha. UTanuki akazange aphuthelwe yithuba labo. Ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nengcindezi evela kwezinye izidumbu, bahlala ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinkulu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inani elanele lokudla yisimo esiyinhloko lapho ukhetha insimu yokuphila nokuzala kabusha. Inja yeRaccoon ihlala ezigodini zemifula zigcwele umhlanga nezihlahla. Uthanda amahlathi ashubile futhi aqinile.
Isilwane sihleli, asivamisile ukushiya indawo yaso. Izikhukhula eziphelele zezindawo zokuhlala zingaphoqeleka ukuba zihambe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ezinde, izikhukhula zemifula noma imvula yasekwindla.
Indlela yokuphila yesilwane incike enkathini, isimo sokuphakelwa kokudla, izimo zezulu, inombolo nohlobo lwezitha. Emini, i-raccoon ihlala endaweni yokukhosela, kusihlwa nasebusuku iyaphuma iyokondla.
Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ishiya indawo yokukhosela ngezikhathi zasemini. Ekungabikho kwezinto eziphazamisayo, abantu kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye, kuba nesibindi. Kwangathi ungahlola indawo yayo lapho ufuna ukudla emini.
Ihamba ngesinyathelo sokuncibilika, iphenduke i-trot. Ezama ukuphunyuka kulabo ababemxosha, ungena egijima. Kepha, ngawo wonke umzamo, ihamba kancane kakhulu kunenja ejwayelekile. Ikakhulukazi emhlabathini ontengantengayo.
Inja ye-raccoon ibhekwa njengeyona ethwala kakhulu amarabi
Iqhwa elijulile, ixhaphozi, inhlabathi ebukekayo iba isithiyo cishe esingenakunqobeka enjeni. Ngenxa yendawo encane yokusekela, isilwane siwela ngokushesha. Ngenxa yemilenze emifushane, ihlala esiswini. Isithiyo samanzi singasindisa impilo yesilwane: inja ibhukuda kahle. Ungabhukuda unqamule imifudlana nemifula ebanzi.
Umzingeli uhlela ukufihla kwawo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Inketho ejwayelekile ukujula phakathi kwezimpande zomuthi, kuma-voids nasemigodini yeziqu eziwile. Izindawo zokukhosela ngobuningi kwesinye isikhathi zenziwa ezindaweni ezimanzi. Inqwaba yamaqabunga omile nemhlanga iyanqwabelana. Igumbi lesidleke linyathelwa ngaphakathi kwenqwaba.
Indawo echotshoziwe esihlahleni somnyezane ingasebenza njengesiphephelo sesikhashana. Ama-haystacks noma izitaki zotshani zivame ukusetshenziswa. Imvamisa, izinja ze-raccoon zihlala emigodini yabanye abantu, kwesinye isikhathi zizimba zazo. Kudalwa izimbobo ezimbalwa zesikhashana. Izilwane zizisebenzisa izinsuku ezingama-2-3 zilandelana, zingabe zisaba khona. Basebenzisa njalo njalo ebusika futhi bazala inzalo kuzo.
Inja ye-raccoon ayikwazi ukuhamba eqhweni
I-burrow iyinkambo engu-2-3 yemitha ende ephela ekunwetshisweni. Ukujula akukho ngaphezu kwemitha. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela eya emgodini. Ubungako begumbi lokuzalela buvumela isilwane esinenzalo ukuthi sihlaliswe. Iphansi esikhaleni sokuhlala ligcwele amaqabunga omile. Imbobo esemgodini ayifihliwe. Ihlala ibonakala emnyango inja ye-raccoon, ukungcola komhlaba, imfucuza.
Indawo yomuntu siqu yesilwane ingamamitha-skwele angu-5-10. km. Imikhawulo yamaphasela aseduze ivame ukuhlangana. Lokhu akubangeli ukungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi komakhelwane. Izilwane ngosizo lwemisindo esongelayo nokuma okunolaka ziyakwazi ukubeka abephuli endaweni.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zobudlelwano phakathi kwezilwane zobulili obuhlukile. Ngokuya ngenketho yokuqala, imibhangqwana idalelwa kuphela inkathi yokukhwelana kanye nesikhathi sokukhulisa imidlwane. Esimweni sesibili, owesilisa nowesifazane abahlukaniseki phakathi nonyaka. Ohlotsheni lwesithathu lokuziphatha, izinja ezimbili zigcina uthando phakathi kwazo zonke izimpilo zazo.
Kunoma ikuphi ukwahlukahlukana kokuhlala ndawonye, izinja ezi-raccoon ngokuhlanganyela zifuna ukudla futhi zizama ukuvikela ezitheni. Azikwazi ukunikeza ukwenqatshelwa okukhulu, kepha owesilisa uphazamisa isilo esikhulu kuye, avumele insikazi ukuba ihambe. Ngaphezu kokuvikela ezitheni, kufanele uvikele isiza komakhelwane. Izithandani zixosha abesilisa nabesifazane. Izilwane ezizodwa zinolaka kuphela kubantu bobulili obufanayo.
Inja ye-raccoon inekhwalithi ehlukile ku-canine. Uyakwazi ukulala ebusika. Njengoba zisesimweni sokulala ubusika bonke, izilwane zilinda ubusika obuneqhwa nobusika. Isikhathi sasebusika sokumisa izithombe siqala ngoNovemba futhi siphela ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli.
I-Hibernation ibekezelelwa ngokuphepha ngenxa yoboya bayo obukhulu kanye namafutha anqwabelene. Isilwane sigcina ukushisa ngokugoba ibhola, simboza impumulo yaso ngomsila waso. Izindlala eziningi ezihlanganisiwe zikhipha igrisi enamafutha evikela isikhumba emswakeni nasesithwathwa.
Izilwane ezingazange zizuze isisindo esanele, aziqongelelanga inani elidingekayo lamafutha, ungalali ebusuku. Abahlali bezifunda ezinekhava elingabalulekile leqhwa namazinga okushisa amahle ebusika abalali. Ngezinsuku nobusuku obubandayo ikakhulukazi zicasha emgodini.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo nabazingeli baye baqaphela kaningi into ethakazelisayo. Inja ye-raccoon yasebusika ihlala emgodini lapho kulala khona imbila. Izinzuzo zendawo enjalo ziyabonakala. Kepha uma imbila ivuka futhi inja ayinaso isikhathi sokuphuma emgodini, ayimnandi. Okungcono, uxoshiwe, okubi kakhulu, imbila iyamluma.
Zonke izidumbu ezihlala kule ndawo ziyingozi ezinjeni ze-raccoon. Izinja ezilahlekile, izimpisi, nezimpisi zihlasela izilwane ezindala. Izimpungushe, ama-martens, ama-ferrets entshontsha imidlwane. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zihlasela zombili. Izinja zigijima kabi, azihlomile kahle, ngakho-ke isikhali sazo esiphumelelayo kuphela ukuqapha nokuzithela.
Okubi ukwedlula izilwane ezidla lesi sifo. Izifo zenziwa zisebenze ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane liyafa. Ama-epizootic abangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi: i-piroplasmosis, isifo sofuba, i-canine distemper nezinye izifo.
Izinja ze-Raccoon zinikela kakhulu ekusabalaleni kwamarabi. Phakathi nobhadane olulandelayo, ososayensi baseFinland balinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-77% azo zonke izigameko zamarabi ayenzeka kulezi zilwane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inja yeRaccoon — isilwane omnivorous. Imenyu incike kwisizini nezimpawu zendawo. Izithelo zazo zonke izinhlobo, okusanhlamvu, izitshalo ziyingxenye eluhlaza yokudla kwenja. Isabelo sezilwane sokudla asihlukile kangako - lezi yizinambuzane, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, amagundane, amaxoxo nezinye izilwane eziphila ezweni, izinyoni, amaqanda azo, inhlanzi, i-arthropods, nezimvukuzane zithandwa kakhulu.
Inja ayikubalekeli isidumbu. Njengoba eseduze nemizana, amadolobha, amadolobha, uvakashela izindawo lapho kuvela khona udoti wokudla. Inja ingumbuthi ojwayelekile. Ihamba ngamazombezombe, iskena indawo ifuna ukudla. Kubheka phakathi kwezihlahla ezijiyile, ngaphansi kweziqu eziwile, iziphukuphuku phansi ehlathini.
Imvamisa iya emanzini angajulile. Akuhambisi amabanga amade ukusuka endaweni yokukhosela. Ehlobo, ibanga lokusesha alidluli ku-0.5 km. Ekwindla, inja idla ngokwengeziwe, izuza amafutha. Ukunyuka kokudla kunwebeka ku-5-6 km.
Ngentwasahlobo, inja ye-raccoon ibhubhisa imvuthu kanye nemifantu yezinyoni ezakha izidleke phansi noma ezindaweni eziphansi. Ithinta inani lamadada nezinye izinyoni zamanzi. Izindawo zokuzingela zifakwe ohlwini lwabamnyama. Imililo ibuya njengesilwane esilimaza imvelo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokuvela kwelanga lasentwasahlobo, insikazi iqala i-estrus. Lokhu kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka futhi kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Isikhathi esijwayelekile se-rutting silula amasonto ama-2-3. Izilwane ezimbalwa zibamba iqhaza kulo mkhuba. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ilandelwa ngabesilisa abayi-3-4. Akukho ukulwa phakathi kwamadoda. Azikho izinkambiso zomshado.
Inzalo ichamisela izinsuku ezingama-60-65. Izinsana eziyi-6-8 zizalwa, kepha kukhona izingane ezinabantwana abayi-12 noma ngaphezulu. Izingane zimbozwe ngoboya, kodwa kungenjalo azikwazi ukuzisiza, izimpumputhe. Ngosuku lwe-10, imidlwane ibona kahle. Ngosuku lwe-14-15 banamazinyo.
Kusukela kwavela amazinyo, ukudla kwezilwane kufakiwe ekudleni kwemidlwane. Ohola kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa. Unikeza owesifazane nenzalo ukudla. Njengoba imidlwane ikhula, insikazi iba matasa ngokwengeziwe ekunikezeleni abasha ukudla.
Raccoon inja amawundlu
Inyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa, ikhwalithi yoboya isondele kuleyo yomuntu omdala. Isifihla-buso se-raccoon sivela ebusweni. Ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili, imidlwane ilushiya ngokuphelele ubisi lukanina bese ishintshela ezinambuzaneni, kuminenke, kumasele. Lapho uneminyaka engu-5-6 izinyanga, intsha ikwazi ukuzingela nokuqoqa. Kuze kube ekwindla, bahamba nabazali babo, baqala ukuhola impilo ezimele.
Ekwindla yokuqala, ama-raccoon amancane agcina ngokufuna indawo yawo futhi alungiselela indawo yokukhosela. Lapho unonyaka owodwa, abantu abasha bayakwazi ukuzala kabusha. Endle, i-raccoon iphila iminyaka engu-6-8. Futhi kutholakala ekuthunjweni inja ye-raccoon. Ikhaya impilo yesilwane ingahlala iminyaka eyi-14.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa ekhaya
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, imizamo yaqala ukufuya i-raccoon. Bangabizwa ngokuthi baphumelele. Isilwane esiqale ukuhlala eduze komuntu sifunda ngokushesha. Jwayela ukuthunjwa. Uyashesha ukuqonda, uyakwazi ukuqeqeshwa.
Ukugcina inja ye-raccoon efulethini noma esakhiweni sokuhlala kunzima. Ukuthambekela kokuphanga akunakulinganiswa. Izinto nefenisha kungenzeka konakele. Umakhelwane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo awufakwanga. Ngakho-ke, udinga i-aviary evulekile.
Akufanele kube nezinkinga ngokudla. Ukudla kusekelwe enyameni eluhlaza, amathambo, i-offal ilungile. Kuyadingeka ukwengeza imifino, okusanhlamvu, izithelo. Akukhishwa ukudla okomile, okuhloselwe izinja eziphakathi nendawo.
Intengo
Inja ye-raccoon ingathengwa ezimakethe zezinkukhu nasezitolo zezilwane. Isilwane siyivelakancane. Okuqukethwe ekhaya akuyona into yokuzilibazisa ethandwa kakhulu. Ukufunwa okuphansi kukhiqiza ukunikezwa okungazinzile. Ngenxa yalokho, intengo yenja ye-raccoon ilele uhla ruble ayizinkulungwane 6-30.
Ukuzingela izinja zeRaccoon
I-raccoon izingelwa ngenxa yoboya bayo. Inyama yayo isetshenziswa njengesicupho sezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Yize umuntu angayisebenzisa futhi. Ukudubula kwenziwa ukuze kulondolozwe imfuyo yezinye izinyoni zezilwane nezilwane.
Indlela yokudla kakhulu ukuzingela impuphu nenja. Konke kwenziwa yinja. Uthola isilo. Uyamhlula. Azikho izimfanelo zejubane ezikhethekile ezidingekayo. Nge-squeal ephakanyiswa i-raccoon, umzingeli uyaqonda ukuthi inhloso isifezekisiwe.
Ukulandela amathrekhi eqhweni, ungaya endaweni yokukhosela i-raccoon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkinga ixazululwa ngokuya ngohlobo lokukhosela. Uma kungumgodi ojulile, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwenja egobayo. Kepha kungaba ukuqamba amanga noma ukuqamba amanga. Kulokhu, isilo singathathwa ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwesibhamu, ukuzingela inja ye-raccoon usebenzisa izingibe kudumile. Kukhona njalo ukuhlangana ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwabazingeli nama-raccoon. Imvamisa izinja ze-raccoon ziyaphuma zizuze kulolo lolo olulungiselelwe izingulube zasendle.
Ukuzingela izinja zeRaccoon ayinayo ingxenye yezemidlalo eshubile. Akuhlotshaniswa nezenzo ezihlangene eziyinkimbinkimbi. Iphela ngemiphumela eqinisekisiwe. Ngalezi zizathu, ithola ukuthandwa.
