I-Nightjar - inyoni enegama elingalungile
Kudala kwakukhona inganekwane phakathi kwabelusi yokuthi inyoni indiza iyoklabisa imihlambi kusihlwa nokusenga izimbuzi nezinkomo. Wabizwa ngegama elithi Caprimulgus. Okusho ukuthi "inyoni esenga izimbuzi" ngokuhumusha. Lapha kungani ibizwa ngokuthi yi-nightjar.
Ngaphezu kwegama elingajwayelekile, izingcingo ezingavamile ziyisici sale nyoni. Ngenxa yalokhu, isidalwa esingenabungozi sathola idumela elibi. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, wayesolwa ngisho nangobuthakathi.
Incazelo nezici
Le nyoni inezinye iziteketiso eziningi. Lesi yisikhova sasebusuku, isikhova sasebusuku, esilele. Zibonisa isici esiyinhloko - kuyinyoni yasebusuku.I-Nightjar - inyoni usayizi omncane. Isisindo sayo singu-60-100 g, ubude bomzimba bungu-25-32 cm, amaphiko agcwele afinyelela ku-50-60 cm.
Izimpiko nomsila kunikezwa izimpaphe ezinde ezincanyana. Banikezela ngendiza elawulwa kahle, esheshayo futhi ethule. Umzimba ohlangene utholakala emilenzeni emifushane, ebuthakathaka - inyoni ayithandi ukuhamba phansi. Umbala wezimpaphe ikakhulu ungwevu onamachashazi amnyama, amhlophe kanye nsundu.
Ama-nightjars ahamba ngokushintshashintsha esuka ezinyaweni aye onyaweni, afana nethoyizi lasemsebenzini
Ukhakhayi luncane, luyisicaba. Amehlo makhulu. Umlomo ufushane futhi ulula. Ukusikwa komlomo kukhulu, phansi ekhanda. AmaBristles atholakala ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi zomlomo, okuwugibe lwezinambuzane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufakwe elinye igama kumagama amaningi wokuteketisa: ama-nightkar setkonos.
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ucashile. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kancane. Cishe akukho mehluko ngombala. Iduna linamabala amhlophe ekugcineni kwamaphiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unelungelo lokuzwakalisa ukuthula ebusuku.
Memeza i-nightjar kungaze kubizwe ngengoma. Kunalokho, ifana nokuduma, ukuduma okukhulu nokuhlukile. Kwesinye isikhathi iphazanyiswa yikhwela. Eyesilisa iqala ukucula lapho ibuya ebusika. Ekushoneni kwelanga, uzinza esihlahleni bese uqala ukuduma. Ekuseni ukulila kuyaphela. Ekwindla kusika ingoma ye-nightjar kuze kufike inkathi elandelayo yokuzalanisa.
Lalela izwi le-nightjar
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lweNightjars (igama lohlelo: iCaprimulgus) lihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezingama-38. Ososayensi abavumelani ngokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zamabhodlela asebusuku ziwuchungechunge oluthile. Ngakho-ke, imininingwane ngezigaba zebhayoloji zezinhlobo ezithile kwesinye isikhathi iyahluka.
Izimpondo ezisemlonyeni we-nightjar zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-netkonos.
I-nightjar ejwayelekile (igama lesistimu: Caprimulgus europaeus). Uma bekhuluma nge-nightjar, basho le nyoni ethile. Izalela i-Europe, Central, Central kanye ne-Western Asia. Ubusika empumalanga nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Imisebenzi yabantu yezolimo, ukwelashwa kwezilimo ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinambuzane. Kepha, ngokujwayelekile, ngenxa yendawo enkulu, inani lalezi zinhlobo alinciphi, alisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zinamagama azo kusukela kokuhlukile kokubukeka kwazo. Isibonelo: ezinkulu, ezinamahlathi abomvu, amatomu, i-dun, imabula, ezimise okwenkanyezi, ukhololo, izijezana zobusuku ezinomsila omude.
Ukufakwa endle endaweni ethile kwaqamba ezinye izinhlobo: iNubian, Central Asia, Abyssinian, Indian, Madagascar, Savannah, Gabonese nightjars. Amagama ezinhlobo eziningi ahlobene namagama ososayensi: ama-nightjars e-messi, bates, salvadori, donaldson.
Isihlobo esivelele se-nightjar ejwayelekile sikhulu noma i-nightjar empunga... Ngokuvamile, ukubukeka kwayo kufana ne-nightjar ejwayelekile. Kodwa ubukhulu benyoni buhambisana negama: ubude bufinyelela ku-55 cm, isisindo sifinyelela ku-230 g, amaphiko agcwele kwezinye izimo angadlula u-140 cm.
Umbala wezimpaphe ubunsundu ngokumpunga. Imigqa ekhanyayo emide nemnyama emnyama yesimo esingajwayelekile isebenza ngapha nangapha kwekhava. Isiqu somuthi esidala ne-nightjar enkulu ipendwe ngokufanayo.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Emini ulala njenge-nightjar. Umbala wokuvikela ukuvumela ukuthi uhlale ungabonakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbiza zobusuku zitholakala egatsheni lesihlahla, hhayi ngaphesheya, njengezinyoni ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwamagatsha, izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala ezingcezwini eziqhakazile zezihlahla ezindala. I-Nightjar esithombeni kwesinye isikhathi akuhlukaniswa ne-hemp noma ucezu lokhuni.
Izinyoni zizethemba impela emandleni azo okulingisa. Abashiyi indawo yabo noma umuntu esondela. Ukusizakala ngalokhu, izinyoni ezizumayo emini zingathathwa ngezandla zakho.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokukhetha indawo yokuhlala ubuningi bezinambuzane. Emzileni ophakathi nendawo, izigodi zemifula, amahlathi kanye nemiphetho yehlathi kuvame ukukhethwa njengezindawo zokwakha izidleke. Inhlabathi yesihlabathi enombhede owomile iyathandeka. Le nyoni igwema izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi.
Ukuthola i-nightjar akulula, ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo le nyoni ingakwazi ukuhlangana nesiqu somuthi
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izindawo ezimbozwe izihlahlana, izingwadule ezisemaphethelweni namaphethelo ogwadule zilungele ukwakha izidleke. Kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana ne-nightjar emagqumeni nasezintabeni, kuze kufike ezindaweni eziphakeme zamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana.
Inyoni endala inezitha ezimbalwa. Emini inyoni iyalala, iba matasa kusihlwa, ebusuku. Lokhu kusindisa kubahlaseli abanezimpaphe. Isifihla esihle sivikela ezitheni zomhlaba. Kakhulu imvimbo yezinyoni ihlushwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Amachwane angakwazi ukundiza nawo angahlaselwa yizilwane ezidlayo ezincane neziphakathi nendawo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kuthinta ubukhulu babantu ngezindlela ezimbili. Ezindaweni lapho kufuywa khona imfuyo, inani lezinyoni liyanda. Lapho kusetshenziswa kabanzi amakhemikhali okulawula izinambuzane, yini ebhubhayo idlani i-nightjar, ngenxa yalokho, kunzima ukusinda izinyoni.
INightjar iyinyoni efudukayo. Kepha, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, izinhlobo nezinhlobo zabantu ezihlala ezifundeni zase-Afrika ziyenqaba ukufuduka kwesizini, zizulazula kuphela zifuna ukudla. Imizila yokufuduka yonyaka ye-nightjar ejwayelekile isuka ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke zase-Europe iye ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Abantu batholakala empumalanga, eningizimu nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Ama-subspecies ahlala eCaucasus naseMedithera athuthela eningizimu ye-Afrika. Kusukela emaqeleni nasemazingeni aphansi e-Asia Ephakathi, izinyoni zindiza ziye eMiddle East nasePakistan. Izimbiza zasebusuku zindiza zodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi bayaphambuka. Ziye zibonwe ngezikhathi ezithile eSeychelles, eFaroe Islands nakwezinye izindawo ezingafanelekile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-nightjar iqala ukondla kusihlwa. Ukudla akuthandayo yizinambuzane. I-nightjar ibabamba eduze nemifula, ngaphezulu kwamaxhaphozi namachibi, ngaphezu kwezimfunda lapho kudla khona imihlambi yezilwane. Izinambuzane zibamba impukane. Ngakho-ke, ukundiza kwale nyoni kuyashesha, kuvame ukushintsha indlela.
Izinyoni zizingela ebumnyameni. Ikhono le-echolocation, elijwayele izinyoni namalulwane asebusuku, litholakala ku-guajaro, isihlobo esiseduze se-nightjar ejwayelekile, esondele kakhulu kangangokuba i-guajaro ibizwa nge-fat nightjar. Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhodlela asebusuku azinalo leli khono. Bathembele ekubukeni ukuze bazingele.
Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, izinambuzane zibanjwa endizeni. Le nyoni indiza ingami phezu kwenqwaba yama-invertebrates angenamaphiko. Enye indlela yokuzingela nayo iyenziwa. Ngenkathi isegatsheni, lenyoni ibheka ibhungane noma inundu enkulu. Lapho ebambe isisulu, ubuyela endaweni yakhe yokubuka.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, kukhethwa ama-invertebrates endizayo. Ukuminza nezici zokwakheka kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudla i-coleoptera enkulu, okumbalwa abantu abafuna ukuyidla. Kwangathi kungadliwa amabhungane, amakhilikithi, izintethe.
Ama-arthropods wokuhlala nawo afakiwe ekudleni. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbiza zasebusuku zibamba ama-vertebrate amancane. Akulula ukuthi isisu sikwazi ukubhekana nokudla okunjalo, ngakho-ke kungezwa isihlabathi, amatshe amancane nezicucu zezitshalo ekudleni okujwayelekile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala entwasahlobo lapho kufika izinyoni zivela ezindaweni zobusika. ENyakatho ne-Afrika naseningizimu yeYurophu, lokhu kwenzeka ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ezindaweni ezipholile - ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Abesilisa bavela kuqala. Zikhetha indawo ehlosiwe esidlekeni. Abesifazane bayalandela.
Ngokufika kwabesifazane, ukukhwelana kuqala. Eyesilisa kusukela kusihlwa kuze kube sekuseni icula izingoma ezihayizayo. Ngokubona kowesifazane, uqala ukwenza umdanso womoya: uyandiza esuka endaweni yakhe, akhombise ikhono lokushaya noma alinde emoyeni.
Indiza ehlangene yenziwa ezindaweni ezilungele ukuhlela isidleke. Ukuzikhethela kuhlala nowesifazane. Ukumatanisa nokukhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke kuqedwa ngokukhwelana.
Isidleke yindawo esemhlabeni lapho kubekwa khona amaqanda. Okusho ukuthi, noma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba efakwe ikhava eyomile yemvelo ingaba yindawo yokwakha. Iduna noma insikazi ayichithi imizamo yokwakha ngisho nendawo yokuhlala elula yamaqanda namachwane.
Emzileni ophakathi nendawo, ukubekwa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Lokhu kwenzeka phambilini ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Insikazi ayivundisi kakhulu, izalela amaqanda amabili. Ufukamela amaqanda cishe njalo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho owesilisa efaka esikhundleni salo. Isibalo esincane samaqanda asizalayo sikhombisa ukuthi izinyoni, ezimweni eziningi, zizala ngempumelelo.
Isidleke seNightjar esinamaqanda
Lapho kuvela ingozi, izinyoni zisebenzisa amaqhinga azithandayo: ziba yiqhwa, zihlangane ngokuphelele nemvelo. Ngokubona ukuthi ukufihla akusizi, izinyoni zizama ukususa umhlaseli esidlekeni. Ngalokhu, i-nightjar izenza isisulu esilula, esingakwazi ukundiza.
Izinsuku eziyi-17-19 zichithwa ekufukameleni. Kuvela amaphuphu amabili nsuku zonke. Cishe zimbozwe ngokuphelele phansi. Izinsuku ezine zokuqala kuphela ezondliwa ngabesifazane. Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekukhipheni ukudla kwamachwane.
Njengoba singekho isidleke kanjalo, amaphuphu atholakala eduze nendawo lapho kubekwa khona. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, amazanyana azama ukusuka. Kudlula elinye isonto futhi amaphuphu athuthukisa izimfanelo zawo ezindizayo. Lapho inamasonto amahlanu, izimbiza ezincane zasebusuku ziyandiza kanye nabantu abadala.
Uma sekuyisikhathi sokundizela ezindaweni zobusika, amaphuphu achanyuselwe kulo nyaka awahlukile ezinyoni ezindala. Zibuya ebusika njengezintambo zokulala ezigcwele, ezikwazi ukwelula uhlobo lohlobo. Izikhova zasebusuku azihlali isikhathi eside, kuphela iminyaka engu-5-6. Izinyoni zivame ukugcinwa ema-zoo. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sikhula kakhulu.
Ukuzingela kwe-Nightjar
Ama-nightjars awakaze azingelwe njalo. Yize ubudlelwano bale nyoni nomuntu bebungelula. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kwabulawa izitsha zasebusuku ngenxa yenkolelo-ze.
EVenezuela, abantu bendawo kudala baqoqa amaphuphu amakhulu emihumeni. Bahamba bayofuna ukudla. Ngemuva kokukhula kwamachwane, kwaqala ukuzingelwa kwabantu abadala. AbaseYurophu bazimisele ukuthi le yinyoni enjengembuzi. Njengoba ebenezici eziningi ezihlukile zokwakheka, umndeni we-guajaro ohlukile nohlobo lwe-monotypic guajaro luhlelelwe yena. Ngenxa yokwakheka okukhulu, le nyoni ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-nightjar enamafutha.
Amachwane e-Nightjar esidlekeni
Emahlathini ase-Argentina, eVenezuela, eCosta Rica, eMexico kuhlala i-nightjar enkulu... Abantu bendawo bayiqoqa ngokoqobo le nyoni enkulu ezihlahleni, baphonsa izihibe zezintambo phezu kwabo. Kulezi zinsuku ukuzingelwa kwezijazi zasebusuku akuvumelekile yonke indawo.
I-Nightjar iyinyoni esakazeke yonke indawo, ayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Asivamile ukuyibona, siyizwe kaningi, kepha lapho sihlangana nayo, ekuqaleni asiqondi neze ukuthi iyini, khona-ke simangele kakhulu.
