Inganekwane yamaNdiya angamaQuechua, inzalo yamaInca, ithi unkulunkulukazi uPachamama wake wehlela eMhlabeni. Ukhokho wabo bonke abantu wayehambisana alpaca... Isilwane sakhethwa ngesimo saso esingajwayelekile, isimo esimnene nejazi elithambile.
AmaNdiya asazisa isilwane esasithunyelwe onkulunkulu. Iningi lezakhamizi zombuso wama-Inca lenziwe ngoboya be-llama. Izikhulu nabafundisi kuphela ababengasebenzisa izindwangu ezenziwe ngoboya be-alpaca.
Abantu baseYurophu kaningi abahlukanisi phakathi kwe-alpaca ne-llama. Zombili lezi zilwane zifuyiwe. Inganikeza inzalo ejwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, zihluke kakhulu. Umehluko omkhulu ongaphandle: i-llama iphindwe kabili ngesisindo nosayizi njenge-alpaca.
Incazelo nezici
I-Alpaca — isilwane artiodactyl. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esilinganiselwe ngama-70 kilograms futhi afinyelela imitha elilodwa ekubuneni. Njengoba iyisilwane esikhanyayo, umzimba wonke ubhekelwe ukudla nokucubungula inani elikhulu lokudla kwezitshalo.
Ku-alpaca, umhlathi ongenhla awunamazinyo. Udebe olungaphezulu lunamandla, luhlukaniswe phakathi njengekamela. Ama-incisors angezansi anengile futhi asikwa otshanini obubanjwe udebe olungaphezulu. Kusukela ekugundeni utshani njalo, izingqimba eziphansi ziyagaywa. Ukugwema ukulahleka kwawo okuphelele, imvelo ihlinzekele ukukhula okungapheli kwamazinyo.
Izisu zazo zehlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, kunezine njengezinye izinto ezikhanyayo. Usuku lonke i-alpaca ibandakanyeka ekugcwaliseni isisu ngokudla okungenamsoco, okunamafutha. Kusihlwa, ukuqala kabusha ukuhlafuna kuyaqala. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla kwalezi zilwane ezidla utshani lusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ihektha elilodwa ledlelo lanele ukondla umhlambi wamakhanda angama-20-30.
Lezi zilwane zaziwa yisayensi kusukela ngekhulu le-16. Bachazwe yiSpain Pedro de Cieza. Unikezwe izindima ezikhethekile zombili zompristi nesosha, isintu kanye nomhloli wamazwe. Kusuka kuye abaseYurophu bafunda ngenkambo yokunqoba: ukunqotshwa kweNingizimu Melika. Mayelana nabantu, izilwane nezitshalo zale ngxenye yomhlaba. Kubandakanya amazambane namaphayinaphu, mayelana nama-llamas, ama-vicunas nama-alpaca.
I-alpaca yayinamathuba onke okuhlala ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezingaziwa kakhulu zaseNingizimu Melika. Ukungahleliwe kwamenza waduma. Ngo-1836, indodana yomkhiqizi waseNgilandi ikhombise ilukuluku. Igama lakhe kwakunguTitus Sult. Kwenye yezinqolobane, wathola amabhele woboya futhi waqala izivivinyo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-alpaca ne-llama
Kwatholakala indwangu enhle. Wayekufanelekela kahle ngokwenza izingubo zabesifazane ezifashini. Igama elithi alpaca selibe ulwazi olujwayelekile. Lalikhuluma ngesilwane okwakutholakala kuso uboya nakwindwangu eyayenziwe ngoboya. Ikhwalithi yendwangu ikhiqize ukufunwa.
Isidingo sesiholele ekwandeni kwesibalo sezilwane. Inani labo selifinyelele kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-3-5. Lokhu akukuncane, kepha futhi hhayi kakhulu. Ukuqhathanisa: kunezinkulungwane eziyikhulu zamakhanda emvu emhlabeni.
Izinhlobo
Ekupheleni kwePliocene, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-2-3 edlule, ama-camelids aqala ukwakheka enyakatho yezwekazi laseMelika. Amakamela esizayo aye e-Eurasia eduze ne-isthmus eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Okhokho bamaguanacos nama-vicuñas bathuthela eNingizimu Melika. Kubo, kwavela ama-llamas nama-alpaca.
I-Alpaca huacaya
Kuze kube muva nje, i-alpaca bekucatshangwa ukuthi ingeyohlobo lwe-llamas. Kuvele ukuthi banabazali abehlukene. Kusuka eGuanaco kwafika lama, alpaca uyinzalo ye-vicuña. Bobabili bangabomndeni ofanayo wekamela. Izakhi zofuzo zisize ukuqonda umsuka we-llama ne-alpaca.
Njenganoma yisiphi isilwane esifuywayo, ama-alpaca akhethiwe ngokwemvelo nangokwenziwe. Manje kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-huakaya ne-suri. IHuacaya inengubo emfushane. Kunezilwane eziningi kakhulu zalolu hlobo. Lapho bekhuluma nge-alpaca, basho lolu hlobo oluthile. I-Suri inekhava eyingqayizivele. Azikho izinwele zokugada. Ngezinwele ezinde zoboya, imikhawulo isongwe kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, uboya bezilwane bufakwa baba ama-dreadlocks emvelo.
I-Alpaca suri
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Imihlambi i-alpaca endle balazi kahle ithafa elingaphakathi lama-Andes. Ethafeni lase-Altiplano, elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3-5, amaphesenti angama-80 abo bonke abantu badla.
Isiphetho se-alpaca siyefana nesabantu bendawo. Ngo-1532, ama-conquistadors aholwa uPizarro avela ePeru. AbaseSpain babhubhisa umbuso wamaInca. Impucuko yaseYurophu yaletha ukufa kwabomdabu baseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa hhayi kuphela abahlupheka.
I-Alpaca yahlushwa izifo nonya kanye nabantu. Amaphesenti angama-98 alezi zilwane aqothulwe emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Zonke ezinye zalahleka ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Lapho kwasinda khona amagagasi wemishini yempucuko.
Alpaca endle
I-Alpaca yizilwane ezifuywayo kuphela. Kuseduze kwezihlobo zabo kuphela lapho bezizwa bephephile khona. Imihlambi yakhiwa ngamaqembu emindeni eholwa yindoda ye-alpha. Izinsikazi eziningana nezilwane ezincane ziyamlandela. Umsebenzi omkhulu wezilwane zomhlambi ukuzivikela ngokuhlanganyela. Isixwayiso sengozi siqukethe amasiginali womsindo. Ukubhonga okukhulu kusho i-alamu futhi kusabise izilwane ezidla ezinye. Iziteleka zangaphambi kwezinselo zisetshenziswa njengesikhali esisebenzayo.
I-Alpaca, njengama-camelid amaningi, inesikhali sayo sokusayina - ikhafula. Akuklanyelwe nje ukwethusa izilwane ezizingelayo. Lesi yisinqumo sokugcina. I-arsenal yezokuxhumana ifaka phakathi amasiginali amaningi alalelwayo. Indlela yokudlulisa imininingwane usebenzisa ukukhuluma komzimba iyasetshenziswa. Impilo yomhlambi icabanga ukuthi kuthuthukiswe amakhono okuxhumana.
Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuxabana phakathi kwabantu. Udinga ukunqoba noma ukuvikela isikhundla esiphakeme. Noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bonisa indima engaphansi. Kwenzeka ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuvikela isikhala somuntu siqu. I-Alpaca izama "ukuxoxisana" ngokusebenzisa umsindo nangezindlela ezingezona ezomlomo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa amathe. I-oda liyabuyiselwa ngaphandle kokudala ukulimala emzimbeni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isisekelo se-alpaca umsoco utshani emadlelweni. Abalimi bavuna i-hay ne-silage. Ikhambi libanikeza izakhamzimba abazidingayo. I-Alpaca isebenzisa okuncane kakhulu kwayo: cishe amaphesenti amabili wesisindo sabo ngosuku. Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunomnotho kuqinisekiswa ngokuhlafuna okuphindaphindiwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwamagciwane ahlala engxenyeni yokuqala yesisu.
Ukudla kwamadlelo kwamahhala kungahle kungahlangabezani ngokugcwele nezidingo zokudla. Ukudla kwezilwane kuhlelekile. Imikhombe egcwalisiwe ibaluleke kakhulu ebusika. Amavithamini namaminerali ayengezwa uma kunesidingo.
I-Alpaca yizilwane ezibalulekile kwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, abalimi nabalimi banakekela ngokukhethekile amadlelo afanele, ukusetshenziswa kwefolishi elisha, elihlanganisiwe, le-silage lihlanganiswe nezithasiselo ezandisa ikhwalithi yokudla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isilwane sasepulazini kumele sondliwe. Into yesibili abantu abayikhathalelayo ukuzala kwabo. Lapho uthola ama-alpaca wenzalo, ukubamba iqhaza komuntu kuyancishiswa. Izindlela zokufaka isisu sokufakelwa ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izinto zokuchezukisa azisebenzi futhi cishe azisetshenziswa. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yezici ezikhethekile zendlela ye-ovulation kwabesifazane. Yena (ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda) kwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokukhwelana. Okuthiwa yi-ovulation eyenziwe.
Ukukhwelana okunenjongo kuqukethe ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane noma iqembu labesifazane endaweni ehlukile. Lokhu kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngokuya ngokuhlangenwe nakho kokuzalela izilwane, isikhathi esithandwayo yintwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
Umama we-Alpaca onengane
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-11.5, kuvela inzalo. Kwelinye kumacala ayi-1000, kungaba ngamawele. Okunye kunengalo eyodwa. Unesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-6-7 kanti ngehora nesigamu ngemuva kokuzalwa ufika ezinyaweni zakhe futhi uyakwazi ukuhamba nabantu abadala. Abesifazane babuyisa amandla abo ngokushesha futhi ngenyanga bangaqhubeka nokukhwelana okusha.
I-Alpaca esithombeni imvamisa kuboniswa ngewundlu elihlezi ezinyaweni zakhe. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ukuncelisa kuyaphela. Iwundlu liphenduka ibhungu. Ngonyaka ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nabantu abadala. Ngeminyaka eyodwa nohhafu, abantu abasha bakulungele ukuzala kabusha. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha iminyaka engu-15. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphelele sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.
Ukuzalanisa i-Alpaca
AmaNdiya ahlala enyakatho yeChile, ePeru, e-Ecuador, entshonalanga yeBolivia, ahlala ngokubambisana nalezi zilwane iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziningana. Inyama isetshenziswa njengokudla. Izingubo zithungwa ngoboya nasesikhumba. Ushizi wenziwa ngobisi. Kepha kwaziswa kakhulu alpaca... Uyinjongo enkulu yokugcina la ma-artiodactyls.
Impilo e-Andes ayintofontofo. Emini, umoya ufudumala ufike ku- + 24 ° C, ebusuku izinga lokushisa lehlela ku -20 ° C. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uboya bezilwane kumele bube nezimfanelo ezikhethekile. Uboya ngalunye buyize ngaphakathi. Leli qhinga lemvelo liqinisekisa ukwanda kokufakwa kwezakhi zoboya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinwele zinendawo yokwandiswa kokushiswa okushisayo: lapho kufudunyezwa, ziyancipha, futhi lapho zipholile, ziyakhula. Cishe kulungiswa kahle kanjani uboya bezilwane ezibandayo.
Ukuzala ama-alpaca
Izinwele zinde. Finyelela kumasentimitha angama-30. Ziqinile impela, kule mfanelo ziphindwe kaningana kune-awn yezimvu. Ububanzi bezinwele buncane, ama-microns angama-30-35 kuphela. Kubantu abasha, ingeqi kuma-microns ayi-17. Kubantu, isibonelo, ubukhulu bezinwele obujwayelekile ngama-microns angama-75. Ubude, amandla, i-finesse, nokufakwa okushisayo okuphezulu kwenza i-alpaca ibe ngumhlinzeki ngoboya obuhle kunabo bonke bezilwane ezifuywayo.
Kusukela eminyakeni emibili, izilwane ziqala ukusika. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kanye ngonyaka - entwasahlobo. Akuzona zonke izinwele ezisuswayo, okushiya izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zekhava ziphelele. Ukunqunywa izinwele okungaphelele kwentwasahlobo kugcina izilwane ziphilile ngokuzigcina zingagodoli. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholwe kubasakhulayo zaziswa kakhulu.
Uboya obuvelayo buhlukanisiwe futhi buhlungwe. Abesifazane abampofu basePeruvia bakwenza ngesandla. Uboya buhlukaniswa ngekhwalithi, ubude nobukhulu bezinwele zoboya. Ububanzi bemibala yemvelo buhlukaniswe ngemibala nemibala engama-22. Mhlophe kube mnyama. Umthunzi ovame kakhulu yi-terracotta. Umbala onqabile kakhulu umnyama.
Izinwele ze-Alpaca
Ezindwangu zendabuko, umbala wemvelo wento yoqobo uvame ukusetshenziswa. Umbala owengeziwe uvezwa umhlophe umucu we-alpaca... Kulolu daba, abalimi bendawo abaphambukanga emasikweni. Basebenzisa odayi bemvelo kuphela abatholakala kumakhambi asezintabeni namaminerali. Lokhu kuzuza umbala ogqamile, ogcwele wento leyo.
Uboya obuhle obutholwe ezilwaneni ezisencane ekugcineni busetshenziselwa ukudala izingubo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezisezingeni eliphezulu zezingane. Izinhlobonhlobo zoboya obusetshenziswayo ukwenza iziqalo zokulala, amatagi, amatagi. Inani elikhethekile lezindwangu ezenziwe ngentambo ye-alpaca lilele kuzakhiwo zalo zokulwa ne-allergenic. Aziqoqi uthuli, futhi izibungu zoboya aziqali kuwo.
I-Alpaca wool ikhiqizwa kancane: amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4-5. Iningi lawo lithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Abathengi abakhulu bezinto zokusetshenziswa yiChina, India, Vietnam namanye amazwe ase-Asia. Amazwe aseYurophu nawo akhiqiza indwangu ye-alpaca ebizayo futhi efunwayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-alpaca asikwa ngendlela yoqobo, enze imvunulo efanayo
Amazwe anemfuyo enkulu kakhulu yezilwane awaphatha njengomcebo kazwelonke. Kuze kube ngo-1990, ukuthunyelwa kwezilwane emazweni angaphandle ngenhloso yezolimo kwakungavunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezifana nesimo sezulu sezwe lase-alpaca zikude futhi kunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.
Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye, isimo saqala ukushintsha. Ama-Alpaca athunyelwa e-Australia naseNew Zealand, lapho aqala khona ukuzala. E-United States, abalimi bazama ukwenza okufanayo. Ngisho naseRussia kuneziningi ezingaphezu kweyodwa i-alpaca farm.
Inani lemikhiqizo etholakele lincane. Amakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziningana aphakanyiswa e-Australia. Kukhiqizwa amashumi wamathani woboya nenyama. Imiphumela enesizotha yokuzalanisa i-alpaca ngaphandle kwendawo yabo yemvelo iyisibusiso: ikhwalithi ephezulu yoboya nobukhulu bendwangu eyenziwe ngabo buyagcinwa.
I-Alpaca inezakhiwo ezisetshenziswe kabi muva nje - ziyindalo ethambile nokubukeka okuhle. Ukugcinwa kwezilwane ezindaweni ezizimele nasemphakathini wedolobha sekuyimfashini ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuhle.
Kukhona izibonelo ezihlekisayo phakathi kwama-alpaca
Ubungane besilwane, ukuthamba kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukubukeka okuhehayo kunqume kusengaphambili ukusetshenziswa kwama-alpaca ngezinhloso zokwelapha. Uhlobo lokwelashwa kwesilwane - i-alpacotherapy - seluvele. I-Alpaca inika abantu yonke into: uboya, inyama, ubisi, ngisho nokuthandeka kwayo nobungane. Akumangalisi ukuthi nguye owaba okhethiweyo nomngane kankulunkulukazi wasendulo waseNdiya.
