Ulwandle lugcwele izimfihlakalo nezimfihlo. Abahlali bezindawo ezijulile bahluke kakhulu futhi bahlukile komunye nomunye. Esinye sezakhamizi ezingavamile yisilwane esidlayo i-swordfish... I-swordfish (i-Sword-bearer) ingeyohlobo lwezinhlanzi eziphindwe ngemisebe, ibutho lifana ne-perch-like. Lesi yisakhamuzi esikhulu ngokwanele esikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sword Fish
Lezi zinhlobo zachazwa okokuqala ngo-1758 yisazi semvelo saseSweden nodokotela - uKarl Linnaeus. Umsebenzi wethulwe komunye wemiqulu yencwadi ethi "The System of Nature". Igama lalezi zinhlobo livela esiLatin "gladius" - "inkemba", futhi igama lohlobo luvela lat. "UXiphias" - "inkemba emfushane elolwe nhlangothi zombili." Kuze kube manje, igama lohlobo alukashintshi. Lona kuphela omele umndeni we-swordfish.
Ukuqanjwa kwegama lomzingeli kukhombisa ukubukeka kwayo okungavamile: ukuphuma okude kwamathambo omhlathi ongaphezulu ngesakhiwo nosayizi kufana nesikhali sangempela, njengenkemba, ecishe ibe yingxenye yesithathu yobude benhlanzi uqobo. Lo mhlathi ubizwa ngokuthi i-rostrum. Ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bathi ngenxa yayo, i-swordfish iyasimangaza isisulu sayo, ingene izikole ze-mackerel ne-tuna. Inhlanzi uqobo aluhlushwa yizenzo ezinjalo, ngoba ezansi "kwenkemba" yayo kunamafixer amafutha anciphisa amandla okushaya.
Ividiyo: Inkemba Fish
Kwesinye isikhathi ophethe inkemba uhlasela nemikhumbi. Lokhu kuziphatha akutholi ncazelo kwisayensi. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi i-swordfish ithathela umkhumbi isitha sayo (isibonelo, umkhomo).
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ngo-2015, indoda eyayigwaza ngezinkemba yagwaza lo muntu owayemfaka uphawu esifubeni. Lokhu kwaholela ekufeni komzingeli ongaphansi kwamanzi.
I-swordfish iyinhlanzi ebalulekile yokuhweba. Ukubanjwa komhlaba kuyadlula amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngonyaka. Umphathi wenkemba uhamba isikhathi eside.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inkemba yezinhlanzi zasolwandle
I-swordfish yindawo enkulu yokuhlala olwandle. Usayizi womzimba uvame ukufika kumamitha ama-3, kanti amanye akhula afike ebangeni elicishe libe ngamamitha ama-5. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisuka ku-300 kuye ku-550 kg. Ngokubonakala kwayo, umhlaseli ufana nesikhali esinamandla esibulalayo (yingakho igama lohlobo). Umehluko omkhulu kwezinye izakhamizi zolwandle ukuphuma okude komhlathi ongaphezulu, ofana nenkemba. Ngu-1/3 ubude bomzimba wonke.
Inhlanzi inempumu e-oblong enezinzipho ezinkulu, futhi ungqimba lwamafutha aminyene lufihlekile ngaphansi kwayo. Ngeke kube nzima ukuthi umhlali agqobhoze, ngokwesibonelo, insimbi engu-2-3 cm ubukhulu, ngaphandle kokulimala! I-swordfish inomlomo obanzi ngokwanele. Izinhlanzi ezincane kuphela ezinamazinyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umhlaseli ulahlekelwa yibo. Izingane (abantu abafinyelela ku-1 m) zinameva amancane emizimbeni yazo. Izilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye zithola imivimbo emzimbeni, ephinde inyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-swordfish ayinasikali, kepha inomzimba othuthuke kakhulu futhi ohlanjululwe kahle. Umsila unesimo senyanga.
Umbala walaba bantu uvame ukuba nsundu ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama. Amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lesi sakhamuzi asinazo amaphiko okhalo, kepha kunamaphiko emaphandleni, emaceleni nangamathambo ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Umphetho ophakeme ongaphambili omnyama, ongunxantathu uqhamuka ngemuva kwekhanda, kanti ngemuva kutholakala ngasemsileni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isakhiwo somzimba sikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-130 km / h! Ososayensi-ichthyologists bathi ijubane elikhulu kangaka lokunqoba ikholomu yamanzi lephula yonke imithetho eyaziwayo ye-physics!
Impilo emaphakathi yabanenkemba yiminyaka eyi-10. Abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa futhi bakhulu ngosayizi.
Ihlala kuphi inkemba?
Isithombe: Inhlanzi enhle yenkemba
I-Swordfish ithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele. Kwesinye isikhathi uyabhukuda elangeni abuye asakaze umphetho, otholakala engxenyeni ye-dorsal. Esikhathini esiningi, umhlaseli utholakala olwandle i-Atlantic, Indian kanye ne-Pacific, okungukuthi, lawa ngamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, lapho kunesikhathi esisebenzayo sokudla.
Laba bantu banesikhathi sokufuduka lapho indawo yokuhlala iye kwelinye amanzi. Imvamisa babhukuda ezindaweni ezipholile: iMedithera, iMarmara, iBlack, i-Azov Sea. Engxenyeni ebandayo, zingatholakala futhi, ngokwesibonelo, zitholakala eNorth Sea. Ehlobo, inhlanzi ibhukuda iye emanzini abandayo, bese ibuya noshintsho ekushiseni kwendawo.
Amanzi afanelekile okuphila yi-12-15 degrees (ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenzeka kuma-23 degrees). Ukuthosa namaqanda kusinda ngama-degree angama-24. I-swordfish ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-800, uma kunesidingo, ingehlela kumamitha angama-2800. Emini, ophethe inkemba ukhetha ukuchitha isikhathi kukholamu lamanzi, kuthi ebusuku abe ngaphezulu. Ijubane elijwayelekile lokuhamba kwe-swordfish cishe liyi-34 km ngosuku.
Izinhlanzi aziqoqeki ezikoleni noma ezikoleni, kodwa zithanda ukuba zodwa. Amabili abunjwa kuphela ngezikhathi zokukhiqiza okusebenzayo. Ibanga phakathi kwabahlali balezi zinhlobo lisukela ku-10 kuye ku-100 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Isifanekiso asihlali ogwini. I-swordfish ayihlali ezindaweni ezingama-Arctic latitudes. Abadobi babona i-swordfish igxuma iphuma emanzini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lowo muntu ususa izimuncagazi eziqala emzimbeni wakhe.
Idlani i-swordfish?
Isithombe: Sword Fish
I-swordfish iyisilwane esidla usomathuba futhi ingumzingeli onamandla. Ukudla kukhulu (ezinye izinhlanzi, i-shellfish, i-plankton, njll.). I-Swordfish gazinga isivele inamazinyo amancane ambalwa kanye nephunga elincanyana. Ziphila ngokudla ama-plankton atholakala khulu begodu zikhula msinya. Ngakho-ke kukhona ukuguquka kancane kancane kube umuntu omdala.
Ekuphishekeleni inyamazane yayo, indoda ephethe izinkemba iba nesivinini esifinyelela ku-140 km / h. Ngenxa yesitho esiseduze neso, umhlaseli angabona futhi abambe isisulu sakhe ohlwini lwamanzi olwandle. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukufihla kumzingeli! Ngokuya ngeqiniso lokuthi le nhlanzi icwilisa emanzini isijule ngamamitha ayi-800, futhi ibuye ihambe phezulu, phakathi kwamanzi avulekile nezindawo ezisogwini, iphila ngezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu nezincane. Ngamafuphi, ophethe inkemba udla ngokuphelele wonke umuntu ohlangabezana nendlela yakhe. Uyakwazi ukubhekana ngisho nomzingeli (njengoshaka).
Ngezinga elikhulu, indlela yokudla iqukethe:
- ingwane;
- umbumbulu;
- i-herring;
- umbumbulu;
- i-tuna;
- ama-bass olwandle;
- ama-crustaceans;
- i-anchovy;
- i-hake.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-swordfish, ithole isisulu, ingayithusa "ngenkemba". Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi esiswini salo muntu kukhona ama-squid, izinhlanzi eziqunywa zibe yizicucu noma ezilinyazwe "ngenkemba". Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaseli uyakwazi ukugwinya isisulu sonke.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: i-swordfish ingahlasela ngisho nemikhomo! Lokhu kuziphatha akukachazwa ososayensi, ngoba lo muntu akadli inyama yomkhomo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inkemba yenhlanzi yeSwordfish
Umphathi wenkemba unezici zakhe:
- isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba;
- isakhiwo esikhethekile se-gill;
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingavamile;
- ukuhlaselwa kwemikhumbi (imikhumbi).
I-swordfish ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezisheshayo olwandle, ezithwala isikhali esinjengenkemba ebukhali. Lokhu kuyichaza njengenhlanzi eyingozi futhi edlayo, okungcono ukuthi ingabonakali! Inhlanzi nayo inesakhiwo esikhethekile sezinsipho. Benza hhayi kuphela umsebenzi ukuphefumula, kodwa futhi injini jet. Isibonelo, lapho inhlanzi ihamba ngokushesha, amanzi ageleza emfuleni ongapheli angene emigodini futhi aphonswe ngaphandle ngosizo lwawo ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-swordfish inciphisa futhi yandise imishayo, esiza ukulawula izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi.
Esinye isici ukushisa komzimba okuhlukile. Icishe ibe ngamadigri ayishumi nambili kunezinga lokushisa kwamanzi lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi. Impahla ekhethekile ukuthi umphathi wezinkemba unesitho esiseduze esifudumeza igazi. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi inhlanzi icishe inganakwa ekujuleni kolwandle njengoba igazi ligeleza liye esiqwini sobuchopho namehlo.
Izici ezinjalo zivumela i-swordfish ukuthi ihlale ihamba futhi isebenze. Uhlala ekulungele ukuphonswa ngokushesha kombani nokubanjwa kwesisulu, futhi futhi uvikela izitha zakhe ngokushesha. Ophethe inkemba unomkhuba wokuhlasela izikebhe noma imikhumbi emikhulu. Njengoba inhlanzi inejubane elikhulu lokunyakaza, lokhu kuyinika amandla amakhulu okugadla. Inkemba ihlaba umgodla wensimbi namapulangwe e-oki aminyene. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, inhlanzi uqobo ayitholi ukushaywa.
Kepha kunenye ingozi kuyena: kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi inkemba ibhajwe ezansi komkhumbi, futhi ayikwazi ukudonswa ngaphandle noma iphulwe. Ngeshwa, ngemuva kwalokho ophethe inkemba uyafa. Kubadobi, lokhu kudoba okubalulekile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inkemba yezinhlanzi zasolwandle
I-swordfish incamela ukuzingela nokuhamba ngawodwana kunokuba ngamaqembu. Isidalwa ngasinye sisebenza ngokuzimela komakhelwane baso. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa kuphela lapho kungabonakala khona amaqembu ngamabili. Ngalezo zikhathi, abantu bavame ukusondela osebeni ngenqubo yokuzalela. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elihle lokuzalisa lingama-24 degrees, kepha hhayi ngaphansi. ICaviar ifinyelela osayizi abakhulu (kufika ku-1.8 mm) futhi ine-subshell ebalulekile yamafutha.
Izinhlanzi ezichanyuselwe zinezikali ezikhexayo nezinsipho ezinameva, ezitholakala zilandelana. Amaphiko awakahlukaniswa, kepha aqinile. Fry ekuqaleni uhlala ebusweni bamanzi, hhayi ukwehla ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukhula, ukuthuthuka kanye noshintsho emsebenzini wezidalwa kuyenzeka. Inkemba iyakhula emuva lapho inhlanzi isifinyelele kubude obungu-8 mm, futhi isivele inobude obungu-1 cm, ophethe inkemba angazingela gazinga lezinye izinhlanzi. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, umhlaseli unebude obufinyelela kuma-60 cm.
Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwesibungu ibe ngumuntu omdala iqhubeka ngaphandle kwezihibe. Inhlanzi imitha eli-1 ubude ithola zonke izici zomuntu omdala. Eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, izinkemba eziningi ezisencane ziya emanzini asemngceleni wezindawo ezishisayo, lapho ziqhubeka khona nokondla ngamandla, zikhule futhi zikhule.
Ukuthomba kwenzeka lapho ubude bomzimba obungu-140-170 cm bufinyelelwa (cishe iminyaka eyi-5 noma eyisithupha). Ukuzala kwe-swordfish kuphezulu. Ikhudlwana insikazi, lapho ikhula kakhulu. Isibonelo, insikazi enesisindo esingu-65 kg ingazala cishe amaqanda ayizigidi eziyi-15.
Izitha zemvelo inkemba
Isithombe: Sword Fish
I-swordfish inokubukeka okwesabekayo nokwesabekayo. Ngokuziphatha kwakhe, uyakwazi ukwethusa izakhamuzi eziningi zolwandle. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ophethe inkemba unezitha zemvelo. Omunye wabo umkhoma obulalayo. Lesi silwane esincelisayo sizohlasela i-swordfish, kepha abantu abadala, ngenxa yomzimba wabo omkhulu, banqabela kakhulu imikhomo ebulalayo. Esinye sezitha kwakuyi-mako shark noma i-grey-blue shark. Uvame ukuzingela abantu abasha abasebenza ngezinkemba abangakafundi ukuzivikela. Abamele abantu abadala balwa noshaka kuze kube sekugcineni, kuze kube yilapho isitha sifa ngenkemba egadla.
Isitha esikhulu se-swordfish (nazo zonke izilwane nezinhlanzi) ngumuntu. Izinhlanzi zihlushwa ukudoba ngomugqa wePelagic. Kukhona nokudoba ezemidlalo, lapho kudotshwa khona ngokudotshwa. Ukubamba le nhlanzi bekulokhu kwenzeka kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukuthola inyama emnandi. Kuyinto emnandi kakhulu futhi ebizayo, ayinakho ukunambitheka "komfula" namathambo amancane.
Ngokuya ngokuthi inhlanzi idle kanjani nokuthi idleni ini, inyama ingaba bomvu, i-orange (uma imfanzi ibaluleke kakhulu ekudleni) noma imhlophe. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-fillet emhlophe, ebhekwa njengokucwengwa kakhudlwana nekhwalithi ephezulu. Ososayensi abakhathazekile ngomsebenzi wokuthola inyama kusuka ezinkemba, ngoba banokuzala okuhle.
Iqiniso elibalulekile: inyama ye-swordtail iyaphikiswa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane ezincane, njengoba kubhekwa njengobuthi ngenxa yokuqhamuka kwama-organometallic cations kuwo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Swordfish
Ososayensi benze ucwaningo futhi babala ukuthi cishe ama-40% wezakhamizi zasolwandle asezingeni lokuphelelwa amandla. Uma kungenziwa mizamo yokwehlisa ukubanjwa, lapho kufika u-2050 inkomba ingasondela noma inyuke iye ku-90%. Inkinga isendabeni yokuthi ngokunyamalala kwezinhlanzi nezimbaza, abantu abakhulu nabo bayafa. Ukudoba akuyona nje indawo yokudoba esemthethweni, kodwa futhi nokudoba amateur, futhi, okubi kunakho konke, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho.
Kulezi zinsuku, kuvame ukuba nezindaba ngokudoba okungekho emthethweni kwezinhlanzi ezibalulekile - izinkemba. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa amanetha ajulile olwandle noma amanetha akhethekile wokudonsa. Inhlangano eyaziwayo "i-Greenpeace" eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule yafaka inkemba kuhla olubomvu lokudla kwasolwandle, okusemashalofini esitolo ngesilinganiso esikhulu, okuwumphumela wokudotshwa ngokweqile.
I-swordfish (Swordsman) unesakhiwo esikhethekile nokubukeka, okumenza isitha noma ukuzivikela okuthembekile. Impi iyaqhubeka ngokudoba okungenamkhawulo kwalezi zinhlanzi, kepha ngenkathi inani lakhona lisabaningi, ngenxa yokukhulelwa. Izinhlanzi zombili ziyisilwane esidla ezinye futhi ziyizisulu zabanye abantu abahlala olwandle (oshaka nemikhomo ebulalayo), kanye nokudla kwabantu. Kuhlala kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinqolobane zeplanethi zilinganiselwe. Akudingeki ukuthi kudliwe kuphela, kepha futhi nokuvikela nokugcina okusizungezile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.03.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/18/2019 ngo-21: 15
