Izilwane ezimangalisayo ezivela emndenini we-marten seziyigolide elithambile laseRussia. Ubuhle boboya besilwane sebuphenduke ishwa lakhe. Kuyo yonke indali yoboya, izikhumba zithengiswa ngaphansi kwesando kuze kufike kwinkulungwane yamadola ucezu. ngakho-ke Sable yisilwane wangena Incwadi Ebomvu.
Sable zikanokusho kuboniswa amajazi izingalo emadolobheni aseSiberia, kanye amajazi izingalo Novosibirsk, Tyumen kanye Sverdlovsk izifunda.
Incazelo nezici
Isilwane esishesha kalula nesinejubane sihlala ehlathini elicinene. Uma ungena ujule emahlathini ase-spruce, ungathola imikhondo yakhe, futhi uma unenhlanhla, khona-ke uyindoda ebukekayo. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka kuwuphawu lweSiberia. Izikhumba ezimayini zazibhekwa njengemali iminyaka eminingi futhi zahamba nemali noma esikhundleni sazo.
Amakhosi aseYurophu athola imikhiqizo ngoboya besable njengesipho esivela ku-tsar waseRussia. Manje umhlaseli ubhalwe kuRed Book, kanti ukuhweba kuthuthele emapulazini emfuyo. I-Russia ingukuphela komhlinzeki wama-sable furs emhlabeni. Kuze kube yikhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ukuzingelwa kwesilwane kufinyelele kubantu abayi-200,000.
Izikhumba ezingaphezu kwekhulu ziyadingeka engutsheni yoboya. Inani lesikhumba soboya licishe laxosha isable ekuqothulweni. Isikhathi esithile, ukuzingela kwakungavunyelwe ngokuphelele, izilwane zazifuyelwa izinqolobane, zahlala ezindaweni zazo zangaphambili.
Abaningi bakhathazekile ngalo mbuzo ibukeka kanjani i-sable, sizozama ukunikeza impendulo ngezansi. Ubude besilwane bungamasentimitha angama-45-56, umsila ophuzi ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20.Isisindo sisuka ku-1.1 kuye ku-1.8 kg.
Umlomo ucijile, yingakho ikhanda linokuma okwakhiwe okwekhanda. Umhlane ugoqwe kakhulu ngoba imilenze imifushane kakhulu. Uboya ebusika buwugqinsi kakhulu, bushibilika ngisho nasezidladleni, emapayipini nakuzipho, ehlobo buyagobhoza, futhi isilwane siba sibi. Umbala ubonakala ngomugqa omuhle omnyama phakathi nendawo ngemuva, ulula ubheke ezinhlangothini nasesiswini.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye zomndeni wamaMarten zihlala eRussia. Sable ihlukaniswa ngoboya obutofotofo, ngakho-ke ama-furriers ahlukanisa kangcono kakhulu ngohlobo:
- I-Barguzinsky sable - umnikazi woboya obukhazimulayo kunabo bonke bombala omnyama wekhofi onezinwele ezimpunga. Ubhekwa njengenkosi yamasables - kanye endalini, kwanikezwa isikhumba sakhe amadola ayi-1000;
- Yenisei sable - isikhumba silula, kepha uboya bufana futhi bucwebezela;
- Sable waseCanada - ikhwalithi yoboya ihlolwa ngabaqambi njengengagculisi, enikeza isilwane ithuba lokuphila ngaphandle kokuba nesithakazelo kubazingeli;
- I-Altai sable - umbala wesikhumba kusuka kokumnyama onsundu kuya kokukhanyayo okuphuzi;
- Ithebula leTobolsk - okulula kakhulu kohlobo, futhi kunoboya obubalulekile;
- Kuznetsky - umbala ophakathi, phakathi kweTobolsk ne-Altaic;
- Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ku-taiga ukutholakala umhlonyane omhlophe, ama-furriers akubheka njengokuyigugu kakhulu, bakhokha imali enkulu ngakho;
- E-Urals esempumalanga uhlala uKidus - i-hybrid ye-marten ne-sable.
Inani labantu bohlanga eRussia namuhla lingabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.5. Abazingeli bavuna izikhumba eziyingxenye yesigidi minyaka yonke.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Kusukela e-Urals, eduze kweYenisei, kulo lonke elaseSiberia kuya olwandle iPacific, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene Sable ehlathini... Ungayibona eMongolia, eNyakatho Korea, kwezinye izingxenye zeChina. Kuze kube sekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ibitholakala eKarelia, emazweni aseBaltic, eFinland, nasentshonalanga yePoland. Ukufunwa okukhulu kwezikhumba eziyigugu kuholele ekubhujisweni kwamahlathi amaningi.
Amanye amahlathi alahlekelwe yibo bonke abantu; selinyamalale. Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ukuthunyelwa koboya ngaphandle kwaba isabelo sengonyama semali engenayo kahulumeni. 1916 - 20-30 amasabula asala, okubandakanya ukuvinjelwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokukhishwa kwezikhumba ezibalulekile.
Ukuqala kwekhulu lamashumi amabili - imikhankaso ithunyelwa eSiberia naseKamchatka ukuyofunda le ndawo nemibandela yokwakha indawo yokulondolozela inani lesibaya esiyingqayizivele seBarguzin. Umlando ubalondoloze njengama "sable expeditions."
Inhloko yebhizinisi kwakungu-G.G.Doppelmair, ososayensi basebenza emoyeni ovulekile, izimo zazinzima kakhulu. Imingcele echaziwe yendawo ebekiwe enendawo engamahektha angama-500,000 emithambekeni yomqansa weBarguzinsky kusewumongo wendawo evikelekile. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka kanye nomlando wezinguquko, abakwa-ascetics benza umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu, izithelo esizivuna kuze kube namuhla.
IBarguzinsky Biosphere Reserve, lapho amasaka evikelwe khona ngaphansi koMthetho Wezilwane Ezisengozini Yokuqothulwa, iyindawo yokugcina yemvelo ngokuphelele - indinganiso yemvelo. Umthelela we-anthropogenic kule nsimu mncane. USable uphila ngokukhululeka futhi akhula ngokuphepha, ephephile.
Manje bayamzingela ngesibhamu esinezithombe, bekhipha imvume yokuvakashela isiqiwi. Insimu yesigcini yenzelwe ucwaningo lwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo nolwezilwane. Ososayensi be-Academy of Sciences bahlolisisa imikhuba nemijikelezo yesilwane, banikeze izincomo ngokulondolozwa okulungile kohlobo.
Sable kubhekwe njengesilwane sasemhlabeni, noma kunjalo, njengesakhamuzi taiga, isilwane ukhwela ezihlahleni ngokuphelele. Uhamba amabanga afinyelela kumakhilomitha amane ngosuku, futhi iminyaka eyomile iyamphoqa ukuthi agijime aze afike kumakhilomitha ayishumi eyofuna ukudla.
Ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini e-coniferous: uphayini, umsedari, amahlathi e-spruce. Amageje ezihlahla ezigawuliwe alungele izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuthi zenze imingxunya, zidlule ebusika futhi zizale.
Bayayihlela ngokucophelela ngokuyimboza ngobulembu namaqabunga omile, indlu yangasese ikude nesidleke. Umaka indawo emzungezile, abeke izindlela zomuntu siqu ukuze kungabikho muntu wangaphandle oyozingela ezintweni zakhe. Imali enamadwala nayo iyizindawo zokuhlala izilwane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isilwane Sable omnivorous, udla amaprotheni nokudla kwezitshalo. Uyisilwane esidla ezinye, ngakho-ke indlela adla ngayo iqukethe:
- Izinyoni - ikakhulukazi ama-grouse ezinkuni, ama-hazel grouse, i-black grouse, kodwa ingabamba ezinye, izinyoni - lokhu kwenzeka kwesinye isikhathi, lapho unenhlanhla;
- Amagundane afana namagundane - ama-voles abomvu-mpunga, ama-pikas;
- Ama-squirrels - izigidi eziningana zazo zidliwa yizilwane ezidlayo ngonyaka;
- Ama-chipmunks amancane nama-hares.
Kusuka kuma-herbal supplements, udla amantongomane ephayini, amajikijolo - amajikijolo, ama-lingonberries, umlotha wezintaba, ama-rose hips, ama-currants. Izinyoni zasehlathini zizingela kusihlwa, kwesinye isikhathi emini. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla inhlanzi entwasahlobo, lapho inhlanzi ishukumisela ukuzala. Uyidla ngemuva kwe-otter noma ibhere, ngoba, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, yena uqobo akayona i-angler ekhuthele kakhulu.
Ebusika, ingadla inyama ebolile, noma itshale ukudla, ikufake ekujuleni kweqhwa. Isilwane singaba isisulu sesikhova, ibhere noma i-marten. Izinyoni ezinkulu - izinkozi noma oklebe nazo azikuphikisi ukudla idili ngengane emnandi.
Isilwane sinabantu esincintisana nabo ngokudla - lawa yi-weasel yaseSiberia ne-ermine, nawo azingela amagundane anjengamagundane. Uma lezi zilwane zihlala endaweni efanayo, izimpi ezishubile zezindawo zokuhlala zenzeka phakathi kwazo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokunakekelwa kahle, amasable angaphila iminyaka engama-20, kepha azala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, ngakho-ke awagcinwa emapulazini isikhathi eside. Uphila ngemvelo iminyaka eyi-8-10.
Abesifazane bakhetha umlingani wabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukukhwelana nowesilisa oyedwa kuphela phakathi nehlobo. Abanye abafakizicelo baqhutshwa yilowo okhethiwe, izimpi ezinamandla ziqala kuze kube yilapho abanye abalandeli behlehla. Abesilisa bahlala nowesifazane isikhathi eside, beletha ukudla lapho engasakwazi ukuzingela esigabeni sokugcina sokukhulelwa.
Zishiya uma yena uqobo emxosha ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9-10, umama okhulelwe ubeka isidleke ngoboya, ubulembu, utshani obomile obuthambile. ILair ihlomisa kude nokuhlala kwabantu. Imidlwane eyodwa kuya kweziyisikhombisa enesisindo esingu-30 gram izalwa kudoti.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala badla ubisi lukamama kuphela, lapho-ke bafuna ukudla okwengeziwe. Owesifazane uzikhipha naye, eqala ukuzifundisa ukuzingela nokuba mdala. Uma kunosongo oluvela esilwaneni esikhudlwana, umama uhambisa isidleke kwenye indawo.
Uvikela isibindi sakhe ngesibindi, ahlasele izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu kunaye, aze aphikisane nenja. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, imidlwane ithola amandla, ngayinye isakazeka ohlangothini lwayo, ukuthola impilo ezimele, kuthi eyesifazane iqale inkambo elandelayo. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ezilwaneni ezinoboya kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu, inkolelo engamanga yenzeka ngoFebhuwari.
Ukugcinwa kwepulazi
Kuhle ukusebenzisa isigaba sokuqala sokwakha ipulazi nomuntu onolwazi ngebhizinisi elinjalo. Khetha indawo eseduze nehlathi, evikelwe emoyeni, ngisho, ngaphandle koshintsho olunamandla lokukhululeka. Hlomela uthango ukuze
Ngaphambi kokuqala ibhizinisi lokuzalisa ama-sable, kufanele ubonane nommeli, ngoba imithetho ihlinzeka ngokuthengiswa kwezikhumba kumabhizinisi kahulumeni kuphela. Uma umfuyi ongazi lutho edayisela umuntu wangasese uboya, kuzobe kuphambene nomthetho.
khipha ukungena kwezilwane zasendle emagcekeni. Nikeza ngogesi, indle, amanzi. Umfuyi uhlela izindawo ezivalekile noma amakheji okugcina abesifazane nabesilisa ngokwehlukana. Esikhumbeni noma endlini, igumbi lihlukaniselwa umgodi lapho imidlwane izoba khona. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izilwane zihleli ndawonye, zibuka indlela yokuziphatha - abantu abangafuni ukushada balahlwa bese beyofuna izikhumba ekwindla.
Lezi zilwane zithengwa emapulazini ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuganga futhi zihlaliswa ngababili, zibuka amandla abafana okugijima. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe ziyamakwa, zinikezwa inombolo ngayinye bese zihlala epulazini ukuze zithole inzalo. Izinombolo zinikezwa abesifazane ngisho, ezingajwayelekile kwabesilisa, njengokujwayelekile ekulimeni uboya.
Abakhiqizi abathembisayo bathola ipasipoti, begcina inzalo isesizukulwaneni sesithathu. Ukukhula okuncane kukhule kutshalwe kumaseli ahlukene. Ukuthola uboya bekhwalithi ephezulu, bondliwa kahle nge-offal, inyama yonogwaja, izinkukhu, nenkomo. Faka amajikijolo, izithelo, okusanhlamvu.
Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu soboya besable, amapulazi ahlonyiswe kahle enza inzuzo ephezulu kubanikazi bawo. Okokuqala, kwanele ukuba nezilwane ezingama-50, ukuhlomisa ipulazi ezweni, elizonciphisa izindleko zokuqasha.
Intengo elinganiselwe yesilwane esiphilayo ingu- $ 200-500. Unyaka wokuqala uzoba izindleko kuphela, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele konyaka, imfuyo izophindeka kathathu. Ekupheleni konyaka wesibili, kuhlatshwa izikhumba bese ziyathengiswa.
Kunconywa ukuthi uthengise ngenkampani yokusabalalisa uboya. Amapulazi ombuso kwesinye isikhathi ahambisa izilwane ezindaweni zazo ukuze kugcinwe inani labantu. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela izilwane ekuqothulweni.
Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya
Uma uthatha imbiza encane kakhulu yobisi, ungenza isilwane sasekhaya ngakho. Uthanjiswa kalula, kuphela udinga ukuhlomisa indawo yemidlalo, ngokwesibonelo, kuvulandi noma igumbi elihlukile elinegridi. Kuyadingeka ukuthenga amathoyizi epulasitiki, isilwane nakanjani sizodinga ukudlala ngaso.
Sizohambisana kahle nezilwane ezifuywayo. Yondla ngemfucumfucu yenyama, i-offal, okusanhlamvu, ungeza amaminerali namavithamini Unganikeza amakati noma izinja ukudla. I-Institute of Cytology and Genetics izibophezele ekufuyeni i-Altai sable, kuhloswe ngayo ukugcina inani labantu kanye nokwehluka kofuzo kwalolu hlobo.
Badwebe imephu yezofuzo, kufaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo ezisatshalaliswe endaweni yaseRussia, ezinamamaki wezindawo ezihlala abantu.
I-sable yasekhaya yengezwa ezikhungweni zabantu abamele izilwane zohlobo, ezindaweni ezingahlali bantu. Lokhu kuletha imiphumela ekwandiseni inani lesilo.
