Zaryanka noma i-robin - njengoba ibizwa njalo eRussia, yaziwa ngomlingiswa wayo onobungane nombala we-variegated. Le nyoni encane ayibesabi nakancane abantu, kuyilapho iduna likwazi ukuba nobutha obukhulu komunye nomunye. Indlela yokuphila nemikhuba ye-robin ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ejwayelekile - yehluke kakhulu ezinyonini ezivamile zasemadolobheni.
Incazelo nezici
UZaryanka wuhlobo oluvela emndenini we-flycatcher, ungowe-oda labadlula ngendlela. Imvamisa kunemibuzo ngegama elifanele izinyoni - "zoryanka" noma "zoryanka". Ukuhluka kokugcina, okuqhamuka egameni elithi "dawn", kulungile - isici esivelele sale nyoni umbala wayo osawolintshi.
Ubude, umuntu omdala ufinyelela ku-14 cm, isisindo asidluli ku-16-22 g. Amaphiko amaphiko aphakathi kuka-20 kuye ku-22 cm, imilenze mide. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi anyakaze ngokugxuma, yingakho engaphutha nge-wagtail ekude. Abesilisa bakhudlwana kunabesifazane, izimpaphe zinesakhiwo esixegayo - umbono wenyoni oyindilinga uyadalwa.
Amarobhothi abesilisa makhulu kancane kunabesifazane futhi abukeka eyindilinga.
Irobini kulula ukuyibona ngisho naphakathi kwamahlamvu aminyene ezihlahla. Amajuba anezimpaphe ezimhlophe nsundu, anezindawo ezingavamile zewolintshi. Umbala wenyoni yabantu abadala uhlukile:
- Ingxenye engenhla kusuka ekhanda kuye ekugcineni komsila iluhlaza okotshani;
- Isisu simhlophe, umngcele webele unombala ofanayo;
- Ibunzi, izinhlangothi, umphimbo nesifuba kubomvu.
Umbala uyefana kubo bobabili ubulili, kwabesifazane awunamandla kakhulu. Abantu asebekhulile bangahlukaniswa ngemibala yabo ekhanyayo. Uqhwaku lumnyama, izitho zinsundu. Amehlo at amarobhothi ezinyoni enkulu, emnyama.
Isimo sengqondo ngabantu nokucula i-robin
Ukucula kuyisici esivelele salezi zinyoni. "Amakhonsathi" asekuseni aculwa ngabesilisa, bajoyine ngemuva kokuqala kabusha okumnyama, ngasikhathi sinye nenyoni emnyama. Zingaqhubeka zitshiyoze noma sekuhlwile kakhulu - zingazwakala emapaki kusihlwa. Kwabesilisa, "isethi yamanothi" yehluka kakhulu kunabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ingoma yabo ithathwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu; ebusika, amarobhothi abesilisa nabesifazane ayacula.
Lalela izwi likamarobhothi
Inyoni yomculo inobudlelwano obuhle nabantu - ingondla ngisho nangezandla. Imvamisa, la ma-birdies ayama ezindaweni lapho umhlaba umba khona - enhlabathini evulekile angathola izibiliboco ngesimo sezibungu namabhungane. Ebusika, zikwazi ngisho nokundizela ekhaya kubantu ziyofuna imfudumalo. Bangakwazi ukusondela eduze kwemithombo yokukhanya engeyona eyemvelo, banikeze ithuba lokubuka izimpaphe zabo ezingavamile.
Ngaphandle kobungane obunjalo, kuyaqabukela bahlangane emadachas ngaphandle kwedolobha. Izindawo ezilungiswe kahle azikulungele ukubeka amaqanda, zingabathandi bemfucumfucu yemvelo - emahlathini ungabona izinyoni ezimibalabala, zithanda iziphunzi ezimbozwe ngobulembu nomhlonyane. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi le nyoni ihlala emahlathini ahlanzekile futhi akhanyiswe ngokweqile.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala i-robin ibanzi - ugu loLwandle lwaseNyakatho, iMorocco kanye neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika. Ngasenyakatho, uhlala eFinland naseScandinavia, kufaka phakathi iWestern Eurasia. ERussia uzwe ukucula i-robin kungenzeka emzileni ophakathi, hhayi kuphela emahlathini.
Le nyoni ikhetha amahlathi aminyene - ithanda ikakhulukazi amahlathi we-hazel ne-alder. Ziyabonakala nasezihlahleni ezikhulukazi zamapaki, futhi uzama ukugwema amasimu ephayini agcwele ukukhanya kwelanga.
UZaryanka akesabi abantu futhi angahlala eduze nezindlu.
Abasabi abantu, ngakho-ke bahlala ngisho nasezivandeni uma bebathanda. Banikeza okuncamelayo ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophakeme - indawo eseduze yamachibi, isibonelo.
Nezinye izinyoni robin uyaphila ndawonye kabi, imvamisa ukuhlela izimpi endaweni enhle. Abesilisa bangalwela bodwa ukuthola umhlaba, futhi iphesenti lokufa kubo liphezulu - lifike ku-10%. Abantu abadala bakhetha indlela yokuphila bodwa ngemuva kokuhlukanisa insimu; kuyaqabukela bezwana ngisho nezinhlobo zabo. Ngemuva kokufudukela eningizimu, babuyela ezindaweni zabo zangaphambili.
URobin uthanda umsebenzi wasemini, kwesinye isikhathi ungatholwa ebusuku eduze kwemithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa. Ngaphandle kokufana namanye amalungu omndeni wayo, le nyoni ihlukaniswa nemikhuba yayo: ihamba ngokunyakaza okungahambi kahle, ivame ukuncika phambili. Uncamela ukuhlala emagatsheni aphansi, ngokungafani nezinyoni eziningi eziphakathi nendawo.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka, kwenziwa imizamo yokuzalela lolu hlobo ngokungeyena emazweni amaningana - eNew Zealand, e-Australia naseMelika. Kodwa-ke, i-robin ayizange igxile ezindaweni ezintsha, isizathu okungenzeka kube yisidingo sokufuduka minyaka yonke, ngoba i-robin ingezinyoni ezifudukayo.
Izindiza zenziwa ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi futhi ziphakathi kwezokuqala ukubuya entwasahlobo - izimpaphe eziminyene zivumela izinyoni ukuba zikhuthazelele kahle amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ukubuyela emazweni abo omdabu ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, abesilisa baqala ukucula, bavule inkathi yokuzalanisa. Ukutshiyoza kufinyelela laphogee yayo phakathi nenyanga yesibili yasentwasahlobo, ngoba vele ngoMeyi amaphuphu okuqala avela.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinambuzane ziyisisekelo sokudla; izibungu zazo nazo ziyafaneleka. Amarobhothi athokozela nokudla izicabucabu, izikelemu kanye nezimbaza ezincane (iminenke). Maphakathi nehlobo, lapho amajikijolo evuthwa, afaka "i-dessert" enjalo ekudleni: ngo-Agasti bathatha ama-blueberries nama-buckthorns, kuthi ekwindla bashintshele emlotheni wezintaba, badle imbewu nama-elderberries.
Ngentwasahlobo, lapho ukudla kwezitshalo kungatholakali, ukudla kwezilwane - amabhungane, izintuthwane, nezinye izingenamgogodla - kuyisisekelo sokudla. Ngokulandelayo kusuka ku- izincazelo ze-robin, uncamela ukungandizeli phezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ubheka ukudla enhlabathini nasesihlahleni esiphansi sezihlahla. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezidliwe yilezi zinyoni, azifani nobucayi kule ndaba.
Ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, bavame ukundiza baye emikhombeni yokudla eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, bangahlela izimpi eduze ne "buffet". Abathobekile kulolu daba, banesimo esihle sokondla izingxube. Ukudla okuthambile kuyinto eza kuqala kubo; bathanda ukudla kakhulu futhi kaningi.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokondla ayilula ngaso sonke isikhathi kubo - imilenze yabo ayiguqulwanga ukuze ibambelele emaphethelweni abahlinzeki. Amawindi abanzi noma ama-pallets wamahhala esakhiweni aphelele kubo. Ngenye indlela, ungavele ufafaze okuphakelayo endaweni evulekile.
Uma ufundisa irobin ukuthi idle eduze kwendlu, ekuseni ungakujabulela ukucula kwayo okuthulile, kepha okumnandi kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi abantu abangathintana nabo bangazivumela ukuthi baphululwe, bathokoze ezandleni zomuntu ngenjabulo.
Ehlobo, bavame ukundizela kubalimi nakubalimi, befuna imbewu, imisundu nezinye izinambuzane ezingadingekile lapho kuhlwanyelwa. Ngakho-ke, kusiza okuncane ukukhulisa isivuno. Lezi zinyoni zithandwa kakhulu eNgilandi, lapho, ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kubhekwa njengenyoni kazwelonke. Ngenxa yombala wayo ogqamile, iphinde yanikezwa isihloko sophawu lukaKhisimusi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abesilisa ababambiqhaza ekukhuliseni amaphuphu, kodwa-ke, bafika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngaphambi kwezinsikazi - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Abesifazane babuyela eduze kuMeyi, ngokushesha baqala ukwakha isidleke. Indawo ikhethwa eduze nomhlabathi, emhlathini ominyene noma iziphunzi ezindala.
Bazama ukubeka amaqanda endaweni engafinyeleleki emehlweni. Lokhu kuchaza ukungathandi kwabo izindawo ezivulekile ezikhanyayo. Iziqu zezihlahla eziqhekekile zezihlahla, izihlahlana zezihlahla zikulungele. Imvamisa ukuphakama kwesidleke akukwedluli u-5 cm, nobubanzi bungu-7-9 cm.
Kusuka phezulu isidleke sika robin izama ukumboza, kepha ngaphakathi imboza ngotshani namahlamvu. I-substrate yesitshalo inabantu abakhululekile, kepha ifudumele futhi ithambile. Uhlangothi olungaphandle luqukethe amahlamvu wonyaka odlule, futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi luqukethe izinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene:
- Izimpande neziqu
- Moss,
- Uboya, izinwele nezimpaphe
- Amahlamvu omile (uma kukhethwa umgodi osayizi omkhulu njengendawo yokwakha isidleke).
I-clutch eyodwa ingaqukatha amaqanda ama-5-7 (ama-4 noma ama-8 abhekwa njengokungajwayelekile), inani elikhulu kangako lihlotshaniswa nokufa okuphezulu phakathi kwamachwane. Igobolondo linombala okhanyayo ngezindawo ezigqwalile nezinsundu. Isikhathi sesikhathi sokufukamela asidluli izinsuku eziyi-14, kuphela ukufukamela kwesifazane, umlingani kwesinye isikhathi angamlethela ukudla.
Amachwane amarobhothi amancane anezimpaphe ezithambile ze-motley
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamachwane, abazali baqala ukondla kakhulu - kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-14 ngehora lokudla. Kwenzeka kakhulu entathakusa, emini nasebusuku. Ekupheleni kwamasonto amabili, amaphuphu, engakafundi ukundiza, ashiya isidleke, ecashe ezimileni eziminyene.
Uma kunesidingo, ubaba uyazondla, ngenkathi insikazi iqhubeka nokwakha isidleke esisha - lezi zinyoni zivame ukwenza izindunduma ezimbili ngonyaka. Owokuqala usekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti owesibili useduze noJulayi. Ekupheleni kwamasonto amathathu empilo amantshontsho e-robin indiza enkulu futhi imbozwe izimpaphe, iqala impilo ezimele. Inzalo yesibili iqeda umjikelezo wayo wokuvuthwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Yize izinga lokufa eliphakeme phakathi kwamantshontsho, iminyaka yokuphila kwale nyoni yinde futhi ingafinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi. Irekhodi eliqoshiwe liyiminyaka eyi-19. Kodwa-ke, ubude besikhathi sokuphila, kufaka phakathi ukulahleka besebancane, yiminyaka engu-2-3. Umsebenzi onzima kakhulu wamachwane ukusinda aze afinyelele onyakeni owodwa.
URobins uyizinyoni ezinhle nezomculo ezingasabi nakancane ukuxhumana nabantu. Ahlukaniswa izimpaphe zawo eziqhakazile namehlo amakhulu obuhlalu, anikeza le nyoni ukubukeka okuthakazelisa.
Ukucula kwabo kudumile futhi, okuzwakala noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku, ngaphandle kwaphakathi nosuku. Ungazibuka hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni zasendle kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni zokuhlala - i-robin ivame ukuhlala ezindaweni zepaki.
