Incazelo nezici
Impisi kanti inja iyisihlobo esiseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingokomndeni ofanayo, obizwa ngokuthi ama-canine noma ama-canines. Ngokweqiniso, izimpisi zingesinye sezihlobo zalo mndeni, lapho izimpungushe nezimpungushe nazo zibhekwa njengamalungu.
Igama elifanayo nalesi sakhi linohlobo olwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi: impisi. Kodwa omunye we-subspecies walolu hlobo uyinja nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba wazi, izinja ezifuywayo zivela ezimpisi, ngakho-ke, lezi zamuva zingokhokho bazo abaqondile.
Ucwaningo lwe-DNA lwenze ukuthi kutholakale imigqa eminingi yohlu lozalo ezimpisini. Ngokuqondile, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezidliwayo zinezine zazo. Ngokusho kwale mininingwane, ezindala kakhulu izimpisi zase-Afrika, ezavela eMhlabeni edlule iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amaningana.
Futhi kamuva, endaweni ka Hindustan yesimanje, eminye imigqa emithathu izimpisi baqala ukwakha ngokulandelana: zaseHimalaya, Indian kanye Tibetan. Kusuka kula maqembu amane okhokho, kwavela zonke izinhlobo zezimpisi zanamuhla, esezisabalele insimu yamazwekazi amaningi.
Indawo yalaba bameleli bezilwane ibilokhu ibanzi. Kuyiqiniso, emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kusalokhu kwehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuqothulwa okungalawuleki nokungenasilinganiso kwalezi zilwane. Isibonelo, izimpisi azisekho ngokuphelele eJapan.
Laba ikakhulukazi babeyizinduna zeHonshu neHokkaido. Izinhlobo zaseNewfoundland ezihlala eCanada, kanye nezinye, zanyamalala. Kodwa-ke, izimpisi seziyinsakavukela emazweni amaningi ezwekazi lase-Eurasia. ERussia, zitholakala cishe yonke indawo.
Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yiSakhalin namaKuriles, kanye nezinye izifunda ze-taiga zezwe lethu. ENyakatho Melika, uhla lwalezi zilwane lubanzi futhi lusuka e-Alaska luye eMexico.
Izici ezilandelayo zivela ekubukeni kwezimpisi. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kuyisifuba esivikelekile nokubuyela emuva okutshekile, umsila omude. Izidladla zazo ezinamazipho acijile zihlukaniswa ngamandla azo, kanti imilenze yangaphambili mide kunaleyo yangemuva. Uboya balezi zilwane buphiwe impahla enhle kakhulu yokuzifudumeza. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi, izimpisi ziyakwazi ukugxila kahle futhi zizizwe zikhulu.
Ngenkathi zihamba ezindaweni ezimbozwe yiqhwa, izidladla zazo zifudunyezwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile lesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Kukhona ulwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwane zezimpisi, zandisa indawo engaphezulu yokusekelwa kwemilenze, ngakho-ke, zinciphisa umthwalo osemhlabathini lapho zihamba kuwo.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe umhlaba umbozwe ungqimba olukhulu lweqhwa, impisi iyakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha futhi kalula kuyo. Ibhalansi ngenkathi isebenza inikezwa umkhuba walesi silwane ukuthembela hhayi kulo lonke unyawo, kodwa ezinzwaneni kuphela. Futhi izinwele zezimpisi ezinamakhanda nezinzipho ezimangelengele kusiza ukuhlala endaweni ebushelelezi nasemaweni embozwe uqweqwe lweqhwa.
Futhi esinye isici sisiza izimpisi ukuba ziphile ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo. Ezinyaweni zabo, phakathi kwezinzwani zabo, kunezindlala ezikhipha into enephunga. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zomholi ziyakwazi ukunikeza ulwazi kuwo wonke umhlambi mayelana nokuthi wayaphi, ngakho-ke zisiza ukuzulazula, ukuthola indlela efanele phansi. Ukuthi lesi silwane sibukeka kanjani kungabonakala esithombeni sempisi.
Izinhlobo zezimpisi
Emndenini we-canine, impisi ibhekwa njengelungu elikhulu kunawo wonke. Kepha ubukhulu bezidalwa ezinjalo buncike ezinhlotsheni nakumajografi endawo ezihlala kuyo, kuyilapho izinkomba zazo (ubude bomzimba nesisindo) zehluka kakhulu. Abamele abahlaba umxhwele kakhulu bangafinyelela isisindo esingaba ngu-100 kg namamitha amabili ngosayizi.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-17 zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva.
Ake sethule ezinye zazo.
- Impisi ejwayelekile (mpunga). Isisindo somzimba salaba bameleli bohlobo lwezimpisi sifinyelela kuma-80 kg, kanti ubude bungaphezu kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu, kuyilapho benomsila wemitha uhhafu. Ngaphandle, lezi zilwane zifana nezinja ezinkulu ezinezindlebe ezicijile.
Imilenze yazo iqinile futhi iphakeme. Isifonyo sikhulu, senziwe "ama-sideburns". Izici zayo ziveza futhi zibonisa isimo sesilwane: kusuka ekuzoleni okuthulile, ubumnandi nothando kuye ekwesabeni, ukuvutha kwentukuthelo nentukuthelo. Uboya besilwane esinjalo bunezingqimba ezimbili, bude futhi bukhulu.
Ububanzi bezwi buyehluka. Kungaba ukukhala, ukubhonga, ukukhonkotha, ukukhala ngokuhlukahluka okuningi kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zisabalele e-Eurasia (kusuka eSpain kuya eHindustan) nasengxenyeni esenyakatho yeNew World.
- Impisi ye-arctic ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezincane zempisi empunga esanda kuchazwa. Lolu uhlobo olungavamile. Izilwane ezinjalo zihlala emaphethelweni eqhwa elibandayo nelingunaphakade e-Alaska naseGreenland. Futhi kutholakala enyakatho yeCanada.
Phakathi kwabamele uhlobo, lezi zinhlobo zikhulu kakhulu, abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngosayizi okhethekile. Uma ubheka isilwane esinjalo kude, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi siyiso Impisi Emhlophe, kodwa lapho kuhlolisiswa, kuyacaca ukuthi uboya obukhanyayo balesi silwane bunombala obomvu obonakala kancane. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kuyathamba emilenzeni nasemsileni.
- Impisi yehlathi ayiphansi ngosayizi we-Arctic, futhi kwezinye izimo iyazedlula. Ukuphakama kuphela emahlombe alezi zilwane cishe kuyimitha. Kusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu izilwane zasehlathini.
Izimpisi Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibizwa nangokuthi i-Central Russian, ekhombisa izindawo zokuhlala kwabo, nazo eziya eNtshonalanga Siberia, kwesinye isikhathi ziye ehlathini-tundra ngisho nasenyakatho.
Umbala walezi zilwane, kanye nosayizi wazo, kuncike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala. Izakhamizi zaseNyakatho zivame ukuba zinkulu, futhi zilula ngombala wejazi. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kunezimpisi ikakhulukazi ezinomthunzi onsundu onsundu woboya.
- Impisi yaseMackensen inombala omhlophe futhi ithathwa njengeyona evame kakhulu phakathi kwezimpisi ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika. Muva nje, kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokubazala.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane ezinjalo zayiswa eYellowstone Park - indawo yokulondolozwa kwamazwe omhlaba, lapho zaqala khona izimpande futhi zazala ngendlela enhle kakhulu, okwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwandeni kwenombolo yazo. Izilwane ezinjalo zisondelene kakhulu nezimpisi zehlathi.
- Impisi enamanzi. Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi izimpisi azihlali eNingizimu Melika. Kepha lolu hlobo (ohlala kwezinye izindawo zaleli zwekazi elibonisiwe) lunokubukeka okwehlukile futhi lufana nezihlobo zalo eziningi kakhulu.
Izilwane ezinjalo zinezinwele ezibomvu, futhi zinegama lazo ngenxa yemane, efana kakhulu neyehhashi, ikhula emahlombe nasentanyeni. Lezi zimpisi zinomzimba omncane, futhi isisindo sazo ngokuvamile asidluli ama-24 kg.
Njengoba lesi silwane kufanele sihambe kakhulu ezindaweni ezimile ngotshani obude, sifuna inyamazane lapho, sinemilenze emide. Lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezisengozini.
- Impisi Ebomvu futhi ngaphandle akufani kakhulu nezizalwa futhi kufana nokuziphatha kwabo kuphela. Isakhiwo somzimba wakhe sifana kakhulu nembambo. Kodwa uboya bakhe ngombala nobuhle bufana nje nobempungushe.
Ziyizilwane ezincane kodwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Zinomsila obushelelezi futhi omude, izindlebe ezinkulu eziyindilinga nesifinyeto esifushane. Eziningi zalezi zilwane zihlala e-Asia.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba zingaba yindawo yokuhlala izimpisi. Kodwa-ke, bahlala emahlathini kaningi. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kepha kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho ukunyakaza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kungenzima kakhulu.
Ngezikhathi zezulu elibandayo, izimpisi zikhetha ukuhlala ngamaphakethe, futhi imvamisa azishiyi izindawo ezikhethwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Futhi ukumaka impahla yabo, bashiya izimpawu zephunga, ezazisa ezinye izilwane ukuthi isiza (indawo yabo imvamisa ifinyelela kuma-44 km2) kuthathiwe kakade. Imvamisa bakhetha izindawo zokukhosela ezingekho kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, sebezivumelanise nokuthwala imfuyo kubantu.
Ngakho-ke, balandela imihlambi yezinyamazane, izimvu nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqala kwenkathi efudumele, le miphakathi yezilwane ezidlayo ihlukaniswe ngababili, ngayinye ekhetha ukuphila okuhlukile kwephakethe. Futhi kuphela izimpisi ezinamandla kakhulu ezihlala endaweni eyakhiwe, kuyilapho abanye bephoqeleka ukuba bafune ezinye izindawo zokukhosela.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izilwane ezinjalo ziye zabamba uhlanga lwesintu inani elifanele lokwesaba. Kepha yisiphi isilwane esiyimpisi, futhi ingabe iyingozi ngempela emilenzeni emibili? Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lezi zidlakela cishe azikaze ziqale ukuhlasela.
Ngakho-ke, uma usongo oluqondile lungaveli kubantu, khona-ke impilo yabo ayikho engcupheni. Okuhlukile kuyenzeka, kepha akuvamile. Futhi ngokusho kochwepheshe, kulezi zimo, ukuhlaselwa kwenziwa kuphela ngabantu abangenampilo ngokwengqondo, abangaphezu kwamandla.
Izimfanelo zobuntu bezimpisi, amandla azo, amandla, ukukhuluma, kanye nekhono lalezi zilwane zokuhola nokunqoba izimpi, kusukela endulo kuvame ukudala umuzwa wokubabazeka kumuntu. Abanye babantu baze bazizwa benobudlelwano obungokomoya kanye nokuxhumana kwemvelo nalesi silo, ngakho-ke bakhetha impisi totem isilwane.
Abantu basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi uma uvumela igagasi elithile lengqondo ngemicikilisho yemilingo, ungathola amandla esidalweni esinjalo futhi uthole amandla kuso. Lezi yizidalwa eziguquke kakhulu.
Baningi impela okufanele bakufunde. Lapho bezingela futhi belwa, basebenzisa amaqhinga athakazelisayo abantu abaningi besikhathi esidlule abawasebenzisa ukulwa izimpi.
Ngezikhathi lapho izimpisi zihlangana emaphaketheni, amalungu azo aphilela ukuzuzisa bonke, adela konke okuthandwa yibo emphakathini wabo. Futhi kwehluke izimpisi zasendle ayikwazanga ukusinda ezimeni ezinzima zemvelo enokhahlo. Kule miphakathi, kunezigaba eziqinile, lapho wonke umuntu ngokungangabazeki engaphansi komholi, futhi ilungu ngalinye lephakethe linezibopho zalo.
Ubuholi balo mphakathi benziwa ngaphandle kodlame kanye nemingcele enkululekweni. Kodwa-ke, lesi sakhiwo siyindlela ehlelwe kahle. Futhi isimo senhlalo samalungu sinqunywa ubulili, iminyaka nobuchule bomuntu ngamunye.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lapho zihlasela imfuyo, izimpisi zisebenzisa amaqhinga alandelayo, ajwayelekile kakhulu kulaba bameleli bezilwane. Okokuqala, ngokuhlala baqamekele, balinda ukuvela kwezisulu. Khona-ke ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zihlala emakhaya, ngokwesibonelo, ezihlahleni, kanti amanye amalungu eqembu labazingeli abanemilenze emine aqhuba inyamazane yawo ngalolu hlangothi, ngaleyo ndlela ayiqonde ekufeni okuthile.
Ama-Elks nabanye abantu abangasetshenziswanga, izimpisi zivame ukubulawa yindlala. Ingxenye yephakethe ijaha isisulu, kuthi lapho abaxoshayo bekhathele, bathathelwe indawo ezinye, zigcwele izimpisi ezinamandla. Ngakho-ke, ikusasa labashushiswayo liyaxazululwa.
Kunjalo umhlaba wezimpisi, akanasihe futhi unonya. Imvamisa, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukwanelisa indlala yazo ngohlobo lwazo, ezigulayo nezilimele. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane azinakuhluleka ukuhlaba umxhwele ngobuhlakani bazo nangesibindi.
Izilwane ezinjalo emhlambini zizingela umdlalo omkhulu: izinyamazane, izingulube zetafula lesiliva, izinyamazane zezindluzele, izinhlwathi. Kepha abantu abangashadile balesi sizwe bangabamba ama-hares, ama-gopher, amagundane nezinyoni zamanzi. Izimpisi ezilambile azizideleli izidumbu zezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
Kusuka kwimenyu yezitshalo, badla izithelo, amakhabe nemibhida, amakhowe, bakha amajikijolo, kepha lokhu akusikho ukudla kwabo, kepha phuza, okungukuthi, ijusi lalezi zilimo libasiza ukuqeda ukoma kwabo.
Lezi zidalwa eziyingozi zihamba zizingela ebusuku. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye bayaxhumana ngokunikeza amasiginali womsindo ahlukahlukene. Futhi ngokuphelele zonke zazo, kungaba ukukhononda, ukugquma, ukukhala noma ukukhonkotha, zinikezwe ukuhluka okuningana.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kubusa ngokuqinile umfazi oyedwa phakathi kwezimpisi. Futhi ngemuva kokushona komlingani, omunye umgcina ethembekile. Abagibeli bamahhashi bavamise ukunakwa abesifazane abakhululekile ezimpini ezinonya nezichitha igazi nezimbangi zabo.
Lapho ekugcineni ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu ababili bobulili obuhlukile ekugcineni, amalungu alo mbhangqwana aqala ngenkuthalo ukufuna umgodi womndeni, ngoba badinga ukulungisa konke ngesikhathi nangendlela efanelekile yokubonakala kwenzalo.
Imidlalo yokukhwelana eyenzeka ngesikhathi se-wolf yempisi imvamisa yenzeka ebusika noma entwasahlobo. Le modi, ehambelana nemvelo yempisi, kuvela ukuthi ilula kakhulu endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile, ngoba inzalo yombhangqwana ivela ngesikhathi lapho amakhaza ehla, futhi kukude nobusika obusha, okusho ukuthi amawundlu empisi anesikhathi sokukhula, aqine futhi afunde okuningi ngezikhathi ezinzima.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa empisi sithatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, bese kuzalwa imidlwane. Akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi zizalwa kanjani nokuthi zikhula kanjani kulabo abanezinja ekhaya, ngoba vele kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlobene ngqo. Izinsuku zokuqala zamazinyane empisi aziboni, futhi amehlo azo anqunywa kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Kulesi sigaba sempilo yabo, amawundlu awasakwazi nhlobo ukuzisiza, adonsa ngokukhala kuphela efuna ingono kamama, enekhono lokukhasa kuphela. Futhi-ke zondla ngokubhinca okunikezwa ngabazali bazo, kepha sezivele zikhuliswe ngokudla kwenyama.
Imidlwane yanyanga zonke isivele izimele ngokwengeziwe, ihamba kahle, idlala nabafowethu nodadewabo. Ngokushesha isizukulwane esisha siya ngokuqina, futhi amawundlu azama ukuzingela ukudla.
Ngeshwa, izinga lokufa phakathi kwesizwe sempisi liphezulu kakhulu. Kakade onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila osanda kuqala, uhhafu kadoti ufa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Kepha labo abadlula ngokuphepha kule nkathi kungekudala bazala izingane zabo. Amathuba afanayo omzimba ezimpisini avela eminyakeni emibili. Futhi abesilisa bavuthwa ngonyaka olandelayo.
Impisi – isilwane, okuqhathaniswa nenja, kufaka phakathi nempilo. Baqala ukuzwa ukuguga ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi. Amalungu anjalo ephakethe lempisi anelungelo lokudla, ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa. Izimpisi zifa cishe iminyaka eyi-16, yize, ngokwethiyori, ziyakwazi ukuphila ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili.
