Abantu abaningi abakholelwa ezeni babheka izilwane ezihlukile ngamehlo avulekile njengezihambi eziyimfihlakalo ezivela kweminye imihlaba. Ukuhlangana kokuqala nezilwane ezingajwayelekile kwabangela ukwesaba nokwethuka kubantu. Lesi silwane saqanjwa ngegama i-lemur, okusho ukuthi "isipoki", "umoya omubi". Igama linamathele kuzidalwa ezingenabungozi.
Incazelo nezici
U-Lemur uyisidalwa esimangalisayo semvelo ephilayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi kukubeka ezinkawini ezinamanzi anamanzi. Izinyamazane ezingajwayelekile ziyahlukahluka ngokubukeka nosayizi womzimba. Abantu abakhulu bama-lemurids bakhula bafike kumitha eli-1, isisindo se-primate eyodwa cishe siyi-8 kg.
Izihlobo zezinhlobo zemifino zicishe ziphindwe kahlanu, isisindo somuntu singama-40-50 amagremu kuphela. Izidumbu eziguqukayo zezilwane zihlukaniswe kancane, uhlaka lwekhanda lubukeka lubhebhile.
Izifinyila zezilwane zinjengezimpungushe. Kubo i-vibrissae itholakala ngemigqa - izinwele ezilukhuni, ezizwela kuyo yonke into ezungezile. Amehlo avulekile wethoni ebomvu ephuzi, angavamile ukuba nsundu, atholakala ngaphambili. Banikeza isilwane inkulumo emangele, ethuke kancane. Ama-lemur amnyama anamehlo anombala wesibhakabhaka angavamile ezilwaneni.
Ama-lemurs amaningi anemisila emide eyenza imisebenzi ehlukile: ibambelela emagatsheni, ibhalansi ekugxumeni, isebenza njengophawu lwezihlobo. Ama-Primates ngaso sonke isikhathi aqapha isimo somsila kanokusho.
Iminwe emihlanu yemikhawulo ephezulu nengezansi yezilwane yenzelwa ukuhlala ezihlahleni. Isithupha siyasuswa kokunye, okuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesilwane. Uzipho lwenzwane yesibili, enwetshiwe ngobude, isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa uboya obukhulu, obubizwa ngokuthi indlu yangasese.
Izipikili kwezinye izinzwane ziphakathi nendawo ngosayizi ophakathi. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu zinakekela izinwele zazo ngamazinyo azo - ziyaziluma futhi zizikhothe zona kanye nabalingani bazo.
Ama-Lemurs angabagibeli abaphezulu besihlahla ngenxa yeminwe yabo nomsila wabo oqinile.
Ama-Lemurs, ahlala kakhulu emiqhele yemithi emide, anezingalo zangaphambili ezinde kakhulu kunezingemuva ukuze zilenge futhi zibambelele emagatsheni. Izinyamazana "Zomhlaba" ziyehluka, kunalokho, ezithweni zangemuva, ezinde kunezangaphambili.
Umbala wezilwane uhlukile: onsundu ngokumpunga, nsundu ngombala obomvu, ngokubomvu ngombala. Imigqa yoboya emnyama nomhlophe emsileni ohlanganisiwe ihlobisa i-lemur eringe.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-primates ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene anendlela yokuphila yasebusuku neyokushona. Lapho kuqala ubumnyama, zivusa izinhlobo zezinhlobo zemifino, izinkawu ezinemizimba emincane. Ukumemeza okwesabisayo, ukukhala kokuxhumana kwezihlobo kuyabethusa labo abakuzwa okokuqala ngqa.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lemurs ezehlukile ngokubukeka nombala.
Ama-Indri lemurs yiwona "isikhathi sasemini" kakhulu maqondana nendawo yokuhlala - ajwayele ukubonwa egcoba elangeni ezihlahleni zezihlahla.
Lemur indri
Izinhlobo ze-Lemur
Endabeni yokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zama-lemurs, ingxoxo esebenzayo isasele, ngoba kudalwe izigaba eziningi ezizimele ngokususelwa kuzisekelo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi. Okungaphikiswa ukuba khona kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu ezihlobene nezici ezifanayo, kepha izici ezingokwemvelo ngosayizi, izinketho zombala wejazi, imikhuba yemvelo, indlela yokuphila.
IMadagascar aye. Ama-primate ahlala emahlathini ashisayo, cishe awehli. Ijazi elijiyile limnyama nsundu. Ekhanda eliyindilinga kunamawolintshi, kwesinye isikhathi amehlo aphuzi, izindlebe ezinkulu ezifana nezipuni.
Amazinyo eMadagascar aye akhethekile - ukuma okugobile kwama-incisors kukhulu ngosayizi kunokujwayelekile. Ama-primates ahlala ezindaweni zehlathi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesiqhingi, emahlathini asengxenyeni esempumalanga.
Isici se-aye-stick ukuba khona komunwe omncane lapho i-lemur ikhipha ngayo izibungu emifantwini
I-Pygmy lemur. Kulula ukubona inyamazane yegundane ngomhlane wayo onsundu, isisu esimhlophe esinomthunzi okhilimu okhanyayo. Ubukhulu be-primate encane buqhathaniswa nosayizi wegundane elikhulu - ubude bomzimba kanye nomsila ngu-17-19 cm, isisindo singama-30-40 g.
Isifonyo se-pygmy lemur sifinyeziwe, amehlo abonakala emakhulu kakhulu ngenxa yamasongo amnyama azungezile. Izindlebe zinesikhumba, cishe ze. Uma ukude, ngokwendlela yokuhamba, isilwane sibukeka njengesikwele esivamile.
Igundane le-Pygmy lemur
Lemur enamazinyo amancane. Isilwane sinobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo, ubude bomzimba obuyi-26-29 cm.Ubukhulu bomuntu bucishe bube yi-1 kg. Uboya obunsundu bumboza ngemuva; umugqa ocishe ube mnyama ugijima ogwini. Ama-lemurs anamazinyo amancane ayasebenza ebusuku futhi alala ngezikhathi zasemini.
Bahlala ezihlahleni ezinomswakama ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMadagascar. Isibiliboco esiyintandokazi se-primate yimifino nezithelo ezinamanzi amaningi.
Lemur enamazinyo amancane
I-lemur yomsila. Phakathi kwezihlobo, le lemur yaziwa kakhulu. Igama lesibili le-primate ngu i-lemur enomsila. Abantu bendawo babiza i-katta yezilwane noma ama-poppies. Ukubukeka kufana nekati elijwayelekile elinomsila omkhulu onemigqa.
Ubucwebe bukanokusho be-lemur bukala ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zesisindo somzimba. Ukuma komsila wokujikeleza nosayizi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ukuxhumana nabesilisa abancintisanayo nezinye izihlobo.
Umbala we-catta lemurs ubukhulu becala ungwevu, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abantu abanombala onsundu ngokubomvana. Isisu, izitho zilula ukudlula ngemuva, imilenze imhlophe. Amehlo embuthanweni woboya obumnyama.
Ekuziphatheni kwama-lemurs anomsila, kubonakala ngomsebenzi wasemini, hlala phansi. AmaCattas ahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu, kuze kufike kubantu abangama-30 ababumbene emndenini.
Kunamasongo ayishumi nantathu amnyama namhlophe emsileni we-lemur enomsila
Lemur macaco. Ama-primates amakhulu, afinyelela ku-45 cm ubude, anesisindo cishe esingu-3 kg. Umsila mude ukwedlula umzimba, ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-64. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa ngombala omnyama wabesilisa, abesifazane balula - uboya be-chestnut ngemuva buhlanganiswe nethoni ensundu noma empunga yesisu.
Izindwangu zoboya ziphuma ezindlebeni: zimhlophe kwabesifazane, zimnyama kwabesilisa. Umsebenzi omkhulu wezinkawu wenzeka emini nasebusuku. Isikhathi esiyintandokazi yisikhathi semvula. Igama lesibili le-macaque ngu i-lemur emnyama.
Abesilisa nabesifazane i-lemur macaco
Lemur lori. Kunokuphikisana okuningi mayelana ne-primate engeye-lemurs. Ukufana kwangaphandle, indlela yokuphila ifana nabantu baseMadagascar, kepha abakwaLoriev bahlala eVietnam, eLaos, e-Java Islands naseCentral Africa. Ukungabikho komsila nakho kwehlukanisa namanye ama-lemurs.
Ama-lauri aguqulelwa ukuhlala ezihlahleni, noma engeke agxume. Impilo ye-Lemur iba esebenzayo ebusuku, emini zilala ezikhoselweni zemiqhele ephezulu.
Lemur thumba. Phakathi kwezihlobo, lezi yizilwane ezinkulu ubude obungu-50-55 cm, umsila ufinyelela ku-55-65 cm, isisindo somuntu ojwayelekile singama-3.5-4.5 kg. Uboya be-primate buhlukile ngombala: i-lemur emhlophe njengokungathi zihlelwe ngomsila omnyama, isisu esimnyama kanye nobuso bemilenze obuvela ngaphakathi.
Isifonyo naso simnyama, usebe loboya obukhanyayo kuphela oluzungeza amehlo. Okuqaphelekayo yintshebe emhlophe ekhula kusuka ezindlebeni.
Lemur ubilise okumhlophe
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Lemurs agcwele ukunamathiselwa kwawo endaweni yokuhlala. Esikhathini esedlule, izilwane zazihlala kuyo yonke indawo yaseMadagascar naseComoros. Ngenkathi kungekho zitha zemvelo, abantu bakhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokwehluka kokudla.
Namuhla ama-lemurs eMadagascar usinde kuphela ezintabeni nasezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe zeziqhingi ezinamahlathi amancane, izimila zehlathi ezimanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abanesibindi bazithola sebepaka emadolobheni, ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Ama-primates amaningi ahlala emaqenjini emindeni, abalelwa kubantu abathathu kuya kwabangu-30. I-oda eliqinile nokubusa okuphethe kubusa emphakathini wama-lemur. Ilawula njalo iphakethe i-lemur yesifazane, elizikhethela abalingani. Izinsikazi ezincane, ezikhulayo, zivame ukuhlala emhlambini, ngokungafani nabesilisa abashiya eminye imiphakathi.
Ama-lemur amaningi ahlangana emihlambini emikhulu yemindeni.
Ngokungafani namaqembu emindeni, kunabantu abathanda ukuhlala bodwa noma impilo nomlingani osemndenini omncane.
Imindeni, kuya ngenani labantu, ihlala ezindaweni zayo "," ezimakwe uketshezi oluningi, umchamo. Indawo isukela kumahektha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-80. Imingcele ivikelwe ngokucophelela ekuhlaselweni kwabantu abangabazi, ibhalwe ngemikrolo egxolweni lesihlahla, emagatsheni alunyiwe. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane babandakanyeka ekulandeleleni ukungavikeleki kwesayithi.
Ama-lemur amaningi ahlala ezihlahleni, anomsila omude obasiza ukuba bahambe. Zakha imigodi, izindawo zokukhosela, lapho ziphumula khona, zilale futhi zizalele kuzo. Emigodini yezihlahla, abantu abangafika kwabangu-10-15 bangaqongelela eholidini.
Lemur sifaka
Ezinye izinhlobo zilala ngqo emagatsheni, ziwahlanganise ngezingalo zangaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, izilwane zigobisa umsila wazo emzimbeni.
Ama-lemurs amaningi ahamba amabanga amade eduze kwamagatsha ezitshalo. Ukuhamba phansi nakho kwenzeka ngokuxhuma ngosizo lwezitho ezimbili noma ezine. Izinyamazane ezinamakhala ezimanzi zikaVerro ziyakwazi ukumboza amamitha ayi-9-10 ngokugxuma okukodwa. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-primates kungumbombayi noma i-purr enezingcingo ezishintshanayo.
Amanye amabele aba ndikindiki ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile. Isibonelo kungaba ukuziphatha kwama-pygmy lemurs. Umzimba wezilwane awukutholi ukudla okunomsoco, kepha kudla izinqolobane zamafutha ayevunwe phambilini.
Ama-primates emvelweni ajwayele ukuba ngukudla kwezilwane ezizingelayo; izikhova, izinyoka nama-mongooses bayazizingela. Ingxenye yesine yawo wonke ama-lemurs egundane awela kwizitha zemvelo. Ukukhiqiza kabusha okusheshayo kunomthelela ekulondolozweni kwabantu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwama-lemurs kubuswa ukudla kwezitshalo. Okuncamelayo kuyahluka ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo. Ama-primates ahlala ezihlahleni adla izithelo ezivuthiwe, amahlumela amancane, ama-inflorescence, imbewu, amaqabunga. Ngisho amagxolo ezihlahla abantu abakhulu aba ukudla.
AmaMadagascar aeons akhetha ubisi lukakhukhunathi, umango ekudleni, imikhosi yegolide lemur ngeziqu zoqalo, i-ring lemur ithanda usuku lwaseNdiya. Abantu abancane abancane badla izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izinhlaka zezitshalo, umpe kanye nempova evela ezimbali.
Ngaphezu kokudla kwezitshalo, i-lemur ingondliwa ngamabhungane, izimvemvane, izicabucabu, amaphela. Igundane lemur lidla amaxoxo, izinambuzane, onogwaja. Kuchazwa izibonelo zokudla izinyoni ezincane kanye namaqanda ezidlekeni. I-lemur yezilwane U-Indri kwesinye isikhathi udla umhlaba ukuze anciphise ubuthi bezitshalo.
Izindlela zokudla zifana nabantu, ngakho-ke ukubuka inyani kudla okumnandi e-zoo noma ikhaya lemur njalo okuthakazelisayo. Ukudla kwezilwane eziluhlaza kungashintshwa, kepha abanikazi kudingeka bacabangele imikhuba yokudla yezilwane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuthomba kwenzeka ekuqaleni kulawo ma-lemurs amancane ngosayizi. Abantu abafushane bakulungele ukukhiqiza inzalo ngonyaka, i-indri enkulu - ngeminyaka emihlanu.
Esithombeni kukhona i-lemur enomqhele enengane
Ukuziphatha kokukhwelana kuvezwa ngokukhala okukhulu, isifiso sabantu sokuzihlikihla konyuliweyo wabo, ukumaka ngephunga labo. Ama-pair womuntu oyedwa akhiwa kuphela kuma-indri lemurs, ahlala ethembekile kuze kube sekufeni komlingani wawo. Abesilisa bezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ababonisi ukukhathazeka ngezinsana ezivela, ukunakwa kwabo kuya kumlingani olandelayo.
Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya ku-7.5. Inzalo yezinhlobo eziningi zama-lemur ayiveli ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Okuhlukile yiMadagascar aye, insikazi ethwala ingane kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3.
Izingane, ezingaphansi kaningi ezimbili, zizalwa zingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele, ezinesisindo esingu-100-120 amagremu. Imvuthu ayizwa lutho, vula amehlo abo izinsuku ezingama-3-5. Kusukela ekuzalweni kuvela i-reflex yokubamba - bathola ngokushesha ubisi esiswini somama. Njengoba zikhula, izingane ziya emhlane wezinsikazi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo.
Omama abakhathalelayo babheka ababaleki baze baqine. Ingane ewa esihlahleni ingaba yingozi.
U-Loris lemurs ukhombisa ukubandlulula kozakwethu. Zibonakala ngokukhetha okuphezulu. Ekuthunjweni, kunzima kubo ukuthi benze amabhangqa ngenxa yokhetho olunqunyelwe, ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi emaphoyiseni abanayo inzalo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinambuzane siyiminyaka engama-20, yize imininingwane ethembekile ngezinhlobo ngazinye ishoda. Le nkinga ifundwe kamuva nje. Ama-Long-livers ngabantu impilo yabo eyathatha iminyaka engama-34-37.
Ingulube yengane
Lemur esithombeni iheha njalo ngokubukeka okumangele. Empilweni, lesi sidalwa esincane esingenakuzivikela sinqoba ngokuhluka kwaso, ukwehluka kokubukeka.
