Izinja azilaleli ngaso sonke isikhathi imizwa yemvelo noma ingqondo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele bakhombise ubuhlakani babo, ingqondo. Abanye bakwenza kahle kakhulu, abanye kubi kakhulu. Inja ehlakaniphile izala - laba yilabo abathi ngabo baqonda konke, kepha abakwazi ukusho. Izilwane zibonisa ukuziphatha okunengqondo ezimweni ezingalindelekile. Banentuition ethuthukile.
Emuva ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uStanley Koren, usosayensi noprofesa waseCanada, wabala izinja ngobuhlakani. Kwakususelwa kwimininingwane etholwe kubaphathi bezinja, abaqeqeshi, abaqeqeshi bezinja. Akuwona wonke umuntu ocabanga ukuthi lokhu kulungile, kepha lolu uhlu oludume kakhulu lwezinhlobo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Umngcele Collie
Abaqeqeshi ngazwilinye bathi lokhu uhlobo lwezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni... Uhlobo lunomlando ocebile. Kusukela ngekhulu le-16, izinja zisebenzile, zanda, zithuthukisa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeNgilandi, eScotland. Lapha bahlanganyela empilweni yasemakhaya: babeqapha futhi badlise izimvu, bagade impahla yomnikazi.
Izinja azikhulu kakhulu, zikhula zifike ku-50 cm, zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-20 kg. Ngosayizi nokuhlakanipha, bangazinikela empilweni phakathi kwamakhabethe nosofa. Kepha, njenganoma yiliphi ithalente, bafuna ukunakwa okuqotho. Ngaphezu kwenduduzo, badinga ukunyakaza, ukuqeqeshwa njalo, ukuzivocavoca okusebenzayo. Badinga ukuhluza imisipha nobuchopho babo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bazobhoreka, baqale ukonakalisa impahla, babakhumbuze ngobukhona babo.
Poodle
Izinhlobo zazivela eYurophu Ephakathi. Kakade ngekhulu le-15, ama-poodle angena ezigodlweni zasebukhosini nasezigodlweni. Abavamile babengakwazi ukuba nezinja lezi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi simo sashintsha, ama-poodles enza imisebenzi yokuzingela, andisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa. Baze basebenza nasemasosheni.
Uhlobo, ngenxa yomlando walo ocebile, lunikeze amagatsha ama-4, ahlukile ngokukhula. Lena yasebukhosini, encane, into encane, ithoyizi poodle. Ama-Poodle - izinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezifanekiselwa okuvame kakhulu. Ukuphakama noma ijazi akuthinti izipho zalezi zinja. Zonke izinhlobo zinekhono ngokweqile.
Eminyakeni yamuva, baqala ukugcinwa njengezilwane zokuhlobisa kuphela. Ingqondo yahlehlela emuva, ukuvela kwezinja kwaba okubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uboya bama-poodle bukuvumela ukuthi ubone imicabango engajwayelekile yabanikazi neyabahlanza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-poodle angabahlanganyeli abahle kakhulu emibukisweni nasemibukisweni.
Umalusi waseJalimane
Usuku lokuzalwa lohlobo luyaziwa - kungu-Agasti 1882. ELower Saxony, eHanover, kukhonjiswe inja yesilisa kulo mbukiso. Ngemuva kwalokho, isidlaliso sakhe - uGreif - sabhalwa kulayini wokuqala we-German Shepherd Studbook. Ngemuva kokumunca izakhi zofuzo zabelusi abaningi, izinhlobo zemihlambi, umalusi waseJalimane waba ngumalusi osezingeni eliphakeme futhi wenza kahle.
Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: izinwele ezimfishane nezinwele ezinde. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zichazwa ngezinga elifanayo. Ngaphandle kwekhava, akukho okubahlukanisayo. Izinja ziqeqeshwe kahle. Ukuguqulwa komqeqeshi noma umhlahlandlela kubonakala ngaphandle kwengcindezi. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwamasosha ezempi noma imisebenzi yamaphoyisa.
Amagama ezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu imvamisa iqukethe igama elithi "umalusi", isiJalimane sihamba phambili kubo. Lokhu kufakazelwa hhayi kuphela ngokwethulwa kwemibhalo eqinisekisa inzalo yozalo. Kunamazinga amaningi, izivivinyo zomhlaba wonke, lapho kwenziwa khona imvelaphi ephezulu efakazelwa ngokwenza.
Ukubuyisa okusagolide
Izazi zamaCynologists ziqaphele ukuthi izilwane ezinemvelaphi endala kakhulu zithathwa njengezihlakaniphile. Lokhu kufaka iGolden Retriever. Izindaba ezimayelana nemvelaphi yalolu hlobo zisuselwa ezinganekwaneni. Kodwa akeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 ubudala. Umhlobo lo waqashelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1913. Inja yokuqala yegolide ehlanzekile yafika eRussia ngo-1989.
Iphunga, inkumbulo, ubuhlakani, ezinye izici zohlobo zingaphezu kokudunyiswa. Ungena emanzini ngaphandle kokwesaba, ubhukuda kahle. Ubuhlakani, ubumnandi, ukuthula kwaguqula umzingeli waba ngumngane ohlakaniphile. Imvamisa, iGolden Retriever iba ngumqaphi, umhlahlandlela.
USheltie
Eziqhingini ZaseShetland, izinja ezincane ezelusayo zazalusa izimvu. Ngekhulu le-19, izinja ezinkulu zokwalusa zathatha indawo yazo. Uhlobo, olathola igama elithi "Sheltie" ngokusemthethweni lwahlala njengomalusi, kepha empeleni lwangena ngokuphelele ezindlini nasemafulethini, lwaba ngumngane.
USheltie ubukeka njengekhophi elincane leScotland Shepherd. Ayikhuli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-37. Inja enezinwele ezilukhuni, ezinde. Yakhiwe ngokuphelele. Ingqondo engokwemvelo ihlanganiswe nobuhle, izikhulu. Lezi zimfanelo zibalulekile ngisho nasezinja.
ILabrador Retriever
Uhlobo lwethulwa emhlabeni ngesiqhingi saseCanada iNewfoundland. Ngekhulu le-19, iLabradors yavela eBrithani. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwasungulwa indinganiso yokuzalanisa. Lezi zilwane zafika e-USSR kuphela ngo-1960. Kusukela lapho, ezweni lethu selithathe isikhundla sohlobo oluthile olufunwa kakhulu.
Inja yokuzingela yeRetriever, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthola nokuletha umdlalo wokudubula kumzingeli. Ngalokhu, iLabrador ibhekana ngokuphelele. Ungumzingeli onothando, usebenza ngesifiso, ekhombisa ukubekezela nokubekezela. Kepha amaLabradors angabangane abasezingeni eliphansi, abaqondisi, abatakuli. Ukubuyiswa kwegolide namaLabradors kunjalo inja ehlakaniphile futhi eqotho kunazo zonke.
Papillon
Lolu uhlobo lwethoyisi spaniel lemvelaphi yezwekazi. Amazwe amabili - iFrance neBelgium - ancintisana nokuthathwa njengezwe lalezi zinja. Kuqondile, izindlebe ezinkulu zinikeze igama lohlobo - papillon. Okuhumusha ngokuthi "uvemvane". Izinja ezincane ngokwesiko zibhekwa njengezingahlakaniphile kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lwaluphakathi kwezihlakaniphi kakhulu. Isisindo sesilwane sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-3.5 kg. Ukuphakama ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-21 - 25. Inja ejwayelekile yasendlini enezinto zokuhlobisa eziphakeme. Ilungele ukuxubha ijazi layo elide.
Le nzalo ngenkathi kuqeqeshwa ifakazela ukuthi iPapillon - izinja ezincane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu... Iqinisekisa ubuhlakani bayo ngokuwina imincintiswano yokulalela izinja - indinganiso yoqeqesho, ukuphatha nokuphatha, evunyelwe yi-FCI.
UDoberman
Izinhlobo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zezinsizakalo zenziwe eJalimane. UDoberman ungomunye wabo. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-150 eyedlule, umfuyi waseJalimane uKarl Friedrich Louis Dobermann eGrand Duchy yaseSaxony edolobheni lase-Apolda waqedela umsebenzi wokuzalisa uhlobo olusha. Ekuqaleni, lolu hlobo lwalubizwa ngokuthi yiThuringian Pinscher.
Izinja zide kakhulu (kufika ku-72 cm), kodwa hhayi ezisindayo (35-40 kg). Ijazi elifushane ligcizelela ubuhle nokushuba komzimba. Izimfanelo zokuphepha nokuthunyelwa azinacala. Ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ukubukeka kwephunga nephunga lezinja, okwenza kube ama-bloodhound asezingeni lokuqala. Lezi zimfanelo ezinhle ziphindaphindwa ngokuhlakanipha okuphezulu, ngenxa yalokho, iDoberman ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezisebenzela abantu.
Inyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukuthuthukiswa kokulima e-Australia, ukushayela izinkomo emabangeni amade kwaholela ekuveleni kwezinja zezinkomo - abelaphi abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma base-Australia eminyakeni eyi-150 eyedlule. Izinyanga zinamanye amagama: Australian Bouvier, Kettle Dog. Inja enethambo elikhanyayo nezinwele ezimfushane.
Ngosayizi omaphakathi (ukuphakama kufika kuma-50 cm), ithola kuphela ama-20 kg. Umhlobo lo ungumphumela wokuwela kwama-collies nezinja zedingo ezathanjisiwe. Kamuva kwanezelwa izakhi zofuzo zamaDalmatiya namaKelpies. I-hybrid kuvele ukuthi iphumelele kakhulu. Izinja zishesha, zisebenza kanzima ngomlingiswa othobekile.
Rottweiler
Ukuba khona kweRottweiler ohlwini lwezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu akunakuphikwa. Akekho obukela phansi ukuzinikezela kukaRottweiler, ukuzimisela kwakhe ukukhonza, baphikisana ngamakhono obuhlakani. Ikakhulu, kuyaziwa ukuthi inja akulula ukuyiqeqesha.
Inja inamandla, ngobude obunga-63 cm, ingaba nesisindo esingaphansi kuka-50 kg. Isilwane siqinile, sisebenza ngesifiso, uthando. Ngaphezu kwamandla omzimba, ukhombisa amandla esimilo, ukuvikela umuntu noma impahla kungaya ekugcineni. Kuboshwe umuntu oyedwa, kubuhlungu ukuzwa ushintsho lomnikazi.
Umalusi wase-Australia
Igama lesibili elisetshenzisiwe lohlobo yi-Aussie. Zalelwa e-United States ngekhulu le-19. Ngisho nasekuhloleni okuphezulu, kucatshangwa ukuthi igazi le-collie ligeleza emithanjeni yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinja zaseBasque Shepherd nezinja zaseBernese Mountain kwakuyimvelaphi yalolu hlobo.
I-hybrid kuvele ukuthi iphumelele. Inesisindo esingu-21-30 kg, inja ikhula ifike ku-44-55 cm. Inja esheshayo, esheshayo. Ukuhlala efulethini kungaba uvivinyo olunzima kuye.
Kurzhaar
Uhlobo lwaseJalimane, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yinja yaseJalimane efushane ekhomba. Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, ukuzingela kwatholakala engxenyeni ebanzi yabantu. Kwakunesicelo senja ejwayelekile yesibhamu. Ngo-1872, uHector I wazalwa - inja ehlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo. Ubhekwa njengobaba wabo bonke amaKurzhaars. Ngesikhathi esifushane, lolu hlobo lwasakazeka kulo lonke elaseJalimane nakulo lonke elaseYurophu.
AmaKurzhaars anesisindo esingaphezudlwana kuka-30 kg, akhula aze afike kumasentimitha angama-60-65.Izinwele ezimfushane eziseduze nomzimba azikufihli ukuthamba nobungqabavu benja. Inja iqine, isebenza kanzima, ukungabikho kwekhava elifudumele akuphazamisi ukuzingela emazingeni okushisa amabi. Izakhiwo zokusebenza okuphezulu, i-psyche ezinzile, ikhono lokufunda elihle kakhulu lenze isikhombisi esifushane saba ngomunye wabazingeli abahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele.
Bouvier
Igama lohlobo lweBouvier Flanders lihunyushwa lisuselwa kwelaseFrance cishe ngokuthi "umalusi wezinkomo ovela eFlanders". Isikhathi eside, amaBouviers ayetshalwa kuphela esifundeni saseBelgium. Kuthathwe izindela ezivela eTer Duinen Abbey. Kusukela ezindongeni zezindela, inja yathuthela emapulazini abalimi. Ukuhlala emapulazini, wayelusa imihlambi yezilwane, egada impahla, enakekela eyakhe nabanye, ehudula izinqola ezinemithwalo.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ngenxa yezimpi, lolu hlobo lwacishe lwanyamalala. Manje sekubuyiselwe, kubeka phezulu uhlu lwe- inja ehlakaniphile kunazo zonke... IBouvier ingaba nesisindo esingu-50 kg, ikhule ize ifinyelele kuma-70 cm.Inja inkulu, ngenxa yejazi elide elisheshayo libukeka likhulu ngisho nangaphezulu. Akukho bhudedengu, ubuvila noma umuzwa wokucabanga kuwo.
Briard
Ekhulwini le-XIV, incazelo yenja ivela emithonjeni ebhaliwe. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuzalwa inganekwane yokuthi omunye wamaBriards uvele enkantolo, esola uRobert Maker othile ngokubulala inkosi yakhe. Lolu hlobo lwaduma ngemuva kombukiso owawuseParis ngo-1863. Izinga lokuqala lahlelwa ngo-1897. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, cishe iyanyamalala.
Isisindo senja asibekiwe yimithethonqubo, singakhula size sifike ku-60-68 cm.Isilwane simbozwe izinwele ezinde, umbala ohlukahlukene kakhulu uvunyelwe. Inja iyajabula, iyadlala, ishesha kakhulu futhi iqeqeshwe kahle. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, ukuhlala efulethini cishe akunakwenzeka.
I-American staffordshire terrier
Uhlobo lwasungulwa e-United States. Okhokho bakhe eNgilandi nase-Ireland babehlanganyela njalo empini yezinja. Kanye nabokufika ngekhulu le-XIV, bafika eMelika. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokuzalanisa, zazingahlukaniseki neze-pit bull terriers, zaziluhlobo olulodwa nazo - zaseMelika > Pit Bull Terrier .
Ngo-1936, waseMelika I-Staffordshire Terriers, noma, njengoba zifushaniswa njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, ama-Amstaffs, abonwa njengohlobo oluzimele. Isichasiso esithi "Staffordshire" sisho umsuka wezinja ezasungula lolu hlobo - iStaffordshire.
Ama-amstaf aphakathi nendawo (kufika ku-48 cm), izinja ezinwele ezimfushane. Izitokisi ezinamandla, ezinamandla, zangempela. Zinesisindo esingaba ngama-30 kg. Izilwane ngokungangabazeki zihlakaniphile, kepha zinomlingiswa onzima. Ukuba khona kusukela emncane emndenini, phakathi kwabantu, kwenza inja ibe nobungane, izinikele.
Isi-Welsh corgi
Izinhlobo zazivela ngeNkathi Ephakathi eWales. Izinja zinde ngokwakha, zifushane - zifika ku-30 cm ukuphakama. Ngaphandle kokulinganiswa okungakulungele ukwenza imisebenzi yokwelusa - imilenze emifushane, umzimba othe ukuhlangana - i-Welsh Corgi ngobuchule ibhekane nokuphathwa kwemihlambi emikhulu yemfuyo.
Muva nje, sisuka emapulazini abalimi sesithuthele emafulethini asedolobheni. Imvelo ejabule, ikhono lokuzwana nabantu nezinye izilwane lenze izinja umsebenzi wokuziphilisa emkhakheni wobungani. Ubuhlakani, ukubekezela kanye nokuthakazelelwa kuvumela izinja ukuthi zenze okuthile okuyinkimbinkimbi njenge-canistherapy.
I-schnauzer encane
Kudala kwakukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwe-schnauzer. Manje ibizwa ngokuthi i-mittel schnauzer (middle schnauzer). Cishe eminyakeni eyi-120 edlule, abalimi bafuya iGiant Schnauzer neMiniature Schnauzer. Ezokuqala zinkulu kakhulu, ezokugcina zincane kakhulu eqenjini lokuzala lezinja ezisezingeni eliphakeme - iSchnauzers.
Isincane ngosayizi (kufika ku-35 cm ukuphakama), ama-Miniature Schnauzers izinja ezinamakhono amaningi wenkonzo. Ukubona nokuzwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokunuka, kuhlanganiswe nomlingiswa oqinile nokufunda okusheshayo, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinja kunoma yimuphi umkhakha: umalusi, umbambi wamagundane, umlindi, isesheli, umngane.
IsiNgisi Springer Spaniel
Uhlobo lwake lwahlanganiswa namanye ama-spaniel futhi aluzimele. Ngemuva kokukhethwa ngo-1902 njengohlobo oluzimele, abalimi baqala ukuthuthukisa izici ezitholakala kwi-English Springer Spaniel. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-spaniel luholwa ngumdlalo ofanele wosayizi.
I-English Springer Spaniels ikhula ize ifike ku-51 cm futhi isisindo esingaphezu kwama-20 kg. Amajazi made, athambile ekuthinteni, anamathela emzimbeni. Izindlebe ziyikhadi lokushaya lazo zonke izipani. Kukholakala ukuthi i-English Springer Spaniels yaba abasunguli bezinye izinhlobo, egameni okukhona igama elithi "spaniel".
Isi-Pomeranian
Okuncane kunazo zonke iSpitz. Uhlobo lwalunenhlanhla: kusukela ngekhulu le-18, izinja ezivela ePomerania zathandwa yizicukuthwane nezicukuthwane. INdlovukazi uVictoria iphethe amaPomeranians amaningana. Kusukela kulokhu, ukuthandwa kohlobo kuye kwanda kaningi. IPomeranian ayitholakalanga emakamelweni asebukhosini kuphela, kodwa naku- izinhlobo zezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Abafuyi babona ukuphumelela kohlobo futhi basebenza kanzima ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezinja. Ngesikhathi sikaVictoria, ubukhulu beSpitz bancishiswa ngesigamu. Esikhathini sethu, ukukhula kwePomeranian Spitz akuhambi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-18 kuya ku-22. Umsebenzi kuphela wezinja ezinezifonyo zempungushe nezinwele ezinde ukwengeza ukuhlukahluka ezimpilweni zabantu. I-Pomeranian Spitz yizinja zokuhlobisa nokho ezinememori enhle futhi ezinengqondo ezisheshayo.
UMittel schnauzer
Izinhlobo zenziwa eJalimane. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, wawulinywa eWürttemberg naseBavaria njengomhlambi wezimvu osebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Kwakuthandwa kakhulu. Izithombe zama-mittelschnauzers zavela emisebenzini ka-Albrecht Durer, ezigcawini zasemzaneni kumidwebo kaRembrandt, njalonjalo.
I-Standard Schnauzer yigama lesibili lohlobo. Inja inesisindo esingaba ngu-20 kg, ikhula ize ifike kuma-cm 50. Ijazi elijiyile elinengubo yangaphansi esezingeni eliphakeme limboze umzimba wonke. Amashiya athembekile, anamahlathi anikeza inja ukubukeka okungathi sína. Inja ingachazwa njengomuntu ozinikele othembekile.
