Inyathi yase-Afrika Isilwane esinamandla, esinamandla, nesabekayo. E-Afrika, kufa abantu abaningi minyaka yonke ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yizinyathi. Laba bantu abangaphansi komhlaba bangaphansi kwamandla futhi bayingozi kuphela kwizingwenya ezinkulu zeNayile nezimvubu. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi kanye namandla nobungozi, kusengozini impela. Ngummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke abakhona abakhona. Izinyathi ezimnyama zase-Afrika zibizwa nangokuthi yizinyathi zaseKaffir.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyathi yase-Afrika
Inyathi yase-Afrika ingummeleli wezilwane ezincelisayo ze-chordate artiodactyl. Ungowomndeni wama-bovids, ohlukaniswe waba umkhaya ohlukile nohlobo lohlobo. Umanduleli wenyathi yesimanje yase-Afrika yisilwane esikhonkothisiwe esingafane nenkonkoni.
Isilwane sasikhona endaweni yase-Asia yanamuhla eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-15 edlule. Kusuka kuye kwaphuma umugqa wezinkomo zikaSimatheriuma. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezinhlanu edlule, kwaqhamuka uhlobo lwakudala lohlobo lwe-Ugandax. Esikhathini sokuqala sePleistocene, olunye uhlobo lwasendulo, iSyncerus, lwehla kulo. Nguye owaqhamuka nenyathi yesimanje yase-Afrika.
Ngokuvela kwenyathi yokuqala yasendulo endaweni yase-Afrika yanamuhla, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-90 zalezi zilwane ezibabazekayo. Indawo ababehlala kuyo yayinkulu kakhulu. Babehlala kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika. Futhi bahlangana eMorocco, e-Algeria, eTunisia.
Kamuva, baqothulwa ngumuntu, futhi ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa indawo baxoshwa kuyo yonke indawo yaseSahara, futhi bahlala kancane kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ngokujwayelekile, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-savanna nehlathi. Owokuqala uhlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwama-chromosomes angama-52, owesibili unama-chromosomes angama-54.
Abantu abanamandla amakhulu nabakhulu bahlala ezifundeni ezisempumalanga naseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Abantu abancane bahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Isifunda esimaphakathi siyikhaya lezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke, okuthiwa inyathi ye-pygmy. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kwakukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezincane eTopiya - inyathi yasentabeni. Okwamanje, ubonwa njenganyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyathi yezilwane zase-Afrika
Ukuvela kwenyathi yase-Afrika kuhlaba umxhwele ngamandla namandla. Ukuphakama kwalesi silwane kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.8-1.9. Ubude bomzimba bungamamitha angu-2.6 - 3.5. I-dimorphism yezocansi iyavezwa, abesifazane bancane futhi balula kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Isisindo senyathi yase-Afrika sinesisindo esingakanani?
Isisindo somuntu oyedwa umuntu omdala sifinyelela kuma-1000 kilogram, futhi nangaphezulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi laba bantu abangasetshenziswanga bathola isisindo somzimba kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.
Lapho inyathi indala, iba nesisindo esikhulu. Izilwane zinomsila omude, omncane. Ubude baso bucishe bube yingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba futhi bulingana no-75-100 cm.Umzimba wezinkomo unamandla, unamandla amakhulu. Izitho zincane kodwa ziqine kakhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuxhasa isisindo esikhulu somzimba sesilwane. Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba inkulu futhi inkulu kakhulu kunengemuva, ngakho-ke izitho zangaphambili zibukeka zijiyile ngokubukeka kunezingemuva.
Ividiyo: Inyathi yase-Afrika
Ikhanda lehliswe kancane maqondana nolayini womgogodla, ngokubukeka kubonakala kusethi ephansi. Inomumo omude, oyisikwele. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yizimpondo. Kwabesifazane, azinkulu njengabesilisa. Kwabesilisa, zifinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude. Aqondile, kepha agobile. Endaweni ebunzini, izimpondo zikhula ndawonye futhi zakhe isihlangu esiqine kakhulu futhi esinamandla. Ekhanda kunezindlebe ezincane, kodwa ezibanzi, ezihlala zehliswa phansi ngenxa yezimpondo ezinkulu.
Isihlangu esijiyile esine-horny endaweni yanoma yisiphi sisebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile futhi sikwazi ukumelana noma kuqhuma isibhamu.
Izinyathi zase-Afrika zinamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, amnyama asondele ngaphambili kwekhanda. Izinyembezi cishe zigeleza njalo emehlweni, okuheha inani elikhulu lezinambuzane. Lokhu kusebenza njengokucasula okungeziwe ezilwaneni esezivele zinolaka. Uboya besilwane bukhulu futhi bumnyama, kucishe kube mnyama ngombala. Isikhumba sesilwane simbi, siwugqinsi, senzelwe ukuvikelwa okuthembekile ekulimaleni kwangaphandle kwemishini.
Kwabesifazane, umbala wejazi ulula kakhulu, onsundu ngokumnyama, noma umbala obomvu. Ubukhulu besikhumba somuntu omdala bungaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-2! Emzimbeni wezilwane ezindala, ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ubudala, kuvela amabala, lapho izinwele ziwela khona lapho zikhula. Ama-ungulates anomuzwa obukhali kakhulu wephunga nokuzwa, noma kunjalo, ukubona okubuthakathaka.
Ihlala kuphi inyathi yase-Afrika?
Isithombe: Inyathi e-Afrika
Izinyathi ezimnyama zihlala kuphela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Njengezifunda zokuhlala, bakhetha indawo enothile emithonjeni yamanzi, kanye namadlelo, lapho kutholakala khona uhlaza oluningi oluhlaza ngobuningi. Bahlala kakhulu emahlathini, ema-savanna, noma ezintabeni. Kwezinye izimo, bayakwazi ukugibela izintaba ezinokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 500.
Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili nje edlule, izinyathi zase-Afrika zazihlala endaweni enkulu, kufaka phakathi i-Afrika yonkana, futhi zazicishe zibe ngama-40% abo bonke abantu abaphila kule ndawo. Kuze kube manje, inani labantu abangasetshenziswanga selinciphe kakhulu kanti nendawo abahlala kuyo inciphile.
Tindzawo tekuhlala:
- ININGIZIMU AFRIKA;
- I-Angola;
- ITopiya;
- IBenin;
- EMozambique;
- IZimbabwe;
- IMalawi.
Njengendawo yokuhlala, bakhetha indawo esuswe kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu. Imvamisa bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene, ahlukaniswa inani elikhulu lezihlahlana namahlathi angaweleki. Izilwane zibona abantu njengomthombo wengozi.
Umbandela omkhulu wendawo abayikhetha njengendawo yokuhlala ubukhona bezindikimba zamanzi. Abamele umndeni we-bovid bakhetha ukuhlala kude hhayi kuphela kubantu, kodwa nakwabanye abameleli bezitshalo nezilwane.
Akujwayelekile ukuthi bahlanganyele insimu, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izilwane. Okuwukuphela kwezinyoni yizinyoni ezibizwa ngokuthi izinyathi. Zisindisa izilwane kwimikhaza nakwezinye izinambuzane ezimunca igazi. Izinyoni zihlala emhlane walezi zingqimba ezinkulu, ezisabekayo.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu nesomiso, izilwane zivame ukushiya indawo yazo futhi zinqobe izindawo ezinkulu ziyofuna ukudla. Izilwane ezihlala zodwa ezihlala ngaphandle komhlambi zitholakala endaweni efanayo futhi cishe azikaze ziyishiye.
Idliwa yini inyathi yase-Afrika?
Isithombe: Inyathi
AmaBovids ayizilwane ezidla utshani. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza. Izinkunzi zase-Afrika zithathwa njengezilwane ezingahlelekile ngokuya ngomsoco. Zikhetha izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo. Noma ngabe kunenqwaba yezitshalo eziluhlaza, ezintsha nezinamanzi nxazonke, bazobheka ukudla abakuthandayo.
Usuku ngalunye, umuntu omdala ngamunye udla inani lokudla kwezitshalo elilingana okungenani no-1.5-3% wesisindo somzimba wakhe. Uma inani lansuku zonke lokudla lincane, kukhona ukwehla okusheshayo kwesisindo somzimba kanye nokwenza buthakathaka kwesilwane.
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla izinhlobo eziluhlaza, ezinamanzi ezimila eduze kwemizimba yamanzi. Izinyathi zinokukhethekile ekwakhiweni kwesisu. Inamagumbi amane. Njengoba ukudla kufika, ikamelo lokuqala ligcwaliswa kuqala. Njengomthetho, ukudla kufinyelela lapho, okungavunyelwe ukuhlafunwa. Ngemuva kwalokho ibuyiswa futhi ihlafunwe kahle isikhathi eside ukugcwalisa wonke amakamelo esisu.
Izinyathi ezimnyama zidla kakhulu ebumnyameni. Emini zicasha emthunzini wamahlathi, zigingqike ezigxikini zodaka. Bangaya kuphela emgodini wokunisela. Umuntu oyedwa omdala usebenzisa okungenani amalitha angama-35-45 oketshezi ngosuku. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokushoda kwezimila eziluhlaza, amahlathi aminyene ezihlahlana angasebenza njengomthombo wokudla. Kodwa-ke, izilwane zisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezitshalo ngokungathandi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyathi yezilwane zase-Afrika
Izinyathi zase-Afrika zithathwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Bavame ukwakha amaqembu aqinile, ahambisanayo. Usayizi weqembu uncike endaweni lapho izilwane zihlala khona. Endaweni yama-savanna avulekile, ubukhulu bomhlambi obujwayelekile ngamakhanda angama-20-30, futhi lapho uhlala ehlathini, ungadluli kwayishumi. Ngokuqala kokushisa okukhulu nesomiso, imihlambi emincane ihlangana ibe yiqembu elilodwa elikhulu. Amaqembu anjalo afinyelela kumakhanda angamakhulu amathathu.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamaqembu ezilwane:
- Umhlambi uhlanganisa iduna, insikazi, amathole amancane.
- Abesilisa asebekhulile abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-13 ubudala.
- Abantu abasha abaneminyaka engu-4-5.
Umuntu ngamunye ufeza indima yakhe ayabelwe. Okuhlangenwe nakho, amaduna amadala asakazeka azungeze umkhawulo futhi aqaphe indawo ehlala kuyo. Uma imfuyo ingekho engozini futhi ingekho ingozi, ingahlakazeka ibanga elide. Uma izinkunzi zisola, noma zizwa ingozi, zakha indandatho eminyene, enkabeni yazo izinsikazi namathole amancane. Lapho zihlaselwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, wonke amaduna amadala avikela ngonya amalungu abuthaka eqembu.
Ngokuthukuthela, izinkunzi ziyesabisa kakhulu. Izimpondo ezinkulu zisetshenziswa njengokuzivikela nalapho zihlasela. Njengoba besilimazile isisulu sabo, bayayiqeda ngezinselo zabo, kuyilapho beyinyathela amahora ambalwa, kuze kungabikho lutho olusalayo. Izinkunzi ezimnyama zingakhula ngesivinini esikhulu - kufika ku-60 km / h, zibalekela ukujaha, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukujaha umuntu. Abesilisa asebekhulile abanesizungu balwa nomhlambi futhi baphila impilo yokuzimela bodwa. Ziyingozi ikakhulukazi. Izilwane ezisencane nazo zingalwa nomhlambi, zizakhele umhlambi wazo.
Izinyathi ezimnyama zihamba ebusuku. Ngomnyama, baphuma ezihlahleni eziminyene badle kuze kube sekuseni. Emini, zicasha elangeni elikhipha umkhovu etsheni emahlathini, zigeze ngodaka noma zilale nje. Izilwane zishiya ihlathi kuphela ukuchelela. Umhlambi uhlala ukhetha indawo etholakala eduze kwechibi njengendawo yawo yokuhlala. Akujwayelekile ukuthi ahambe ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka echibini.
Izinyathi zase-Afrika zingabantu ababhukudi abahle kakhulu. Zibhukuda kalula ziwele umzimba wamanzi lapho zihamba amabanga amade zifuna ukudla, yize zingathandi ukungena zijule emanzini. Insimu ehlala iqembu elilodwa lezilwane ezidla izilwane ayidluli amakhilomitha-skwele angama-250. Lapho iphila ezimweni zemvelo, inyathi yase-Afrika inika izwi elibukhali. Abantu bomhlambi ofanayo bayakhulumisana ngokunyakaza kwekhanda nomsila.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyathi yase-Afrika
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyathi zase-Afrika siqala ekuqaleni kukaMashi size sithathe kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngokwesikhundla sobuholi eqenjini, kanye nelungelo lokuhlangana nowesifazane abamthandayo, abesilisa bavame ukulwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi izimpi ziyesabeka impela, akuvamile ukuthi zigcine ngokufa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkunzi zivame ukubhonga kakhulu, ziphose amakhanda phezulu, bese zimba phansi ngezinselo zazo. Abesilisa abanamandla kakhulu banelungelo lokushada. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi owesilisa oyedwa angene emshadweni nabesifazane abaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, amathole azalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10-11. Abesifazane bazala inkonyane elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, zishiya umhlambi ziyofuna indawo ethulile, ecashile.
Lapho ingane izalwa, umama uyikhotha kahle. Isisindo somntwana osanda kuzalwa singama-45-70 kilograms. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-40-60 emva kokuzalwa, amathole asevele elandela umama abuyela emhlambini. Amantshontsho ezinyathi zase-Afrika athanda ukukhula ngokushesha, akhule futhi athole isisindo somzimba. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, baphuza okungenani amalitha amahlanu obisi lwebele nsuku zonke. Ngokuqala kwenyanga yesibili yokuphila, baqala ukuzama ukudla kwezitshalo. Ubisi lwebele luyadingeka kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa ubudala.
Amawundlu aseduze konina aze afinyelele eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine ubudala. Bese kuthi umama ayeke ukubanakekela nokubagada. Abesilisa bashiya umhlambi lapho bazalelwa khona ukuze bakhe owabo, kuyilapho abesifazane behlala unomphela ngaphakathi kuwo. Isikhathi esiphilwa yinyathi emnyama iminyaka eyi-17-20. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila sikhula sibe yiminyaka engama-25-30, futhi umsebenzi wokuzala nawo uyalondolozwa.
Izitha zemvelo zenyathi yase-Afrika
Isithombe: Inyathi yase-Afrika vs ibhubesi
Izinyathi zase-Afrika ziyizilwane ezinamandla amangalisayo futhi ezinamandla. Mayelana nalokhu, banezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu endaweni yabo yemvelo. Abamele umndeni wama-bovids bayakwazi ngesibindi ukugijimela ukuyosindisa abalimele, abagulayo, namalungu eqembu abuthakathaka.
Izitha Zenyathi:
- ingulule;
- ingwe;
- impisi enamabala;
- ingwenya;
- ibhubesi.
Izitha zemvelo zingabangelwa kalula yizibungu nezinambuzane ezimunca igazi. Bajwayele ukukhubazeka emzimbeni wezilwane, kubangele izinqubo zokuvuvukala. Kulezi zinambuzane, izinyathi zisindiswa izinyoni ezihlala emhlane wezilwane ezinkulu futhi zidle lezi zinambuzane. Enye indlela yokubalekela izimuncagazi ukubhukuda ezidakeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukungcola kuyoma, kuginqike bese kuyawa. Ngokuhambisana nayo, zonke izimuncagazi nezibungu zazo nazo ziyashiya emzimbeni wesilwane.
Esinye isitha senyathi ebabazekayo yase-Afrika ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Manje ukuzingela izinyathi sekuvame kakhulu, kepha abazingeli bokuqala bazibulala lezi zinkunzi ngobuningi bazo zenyama, izimpondo nezikhumba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyathi yase-Afrika
Inyathi yase-Afrika ayisona isilwane esingandile noma isilwane esisengozini enkulu. Mayelana nalokhu, akubhaliwe kuRed Book. Ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, namuhla kunamakhanda angaba yisigidi alesi silwane emhlabeni. Kwezinye izifunda zezwekazi lase-Afrika, ukuzingelwa kwezinyathi okunelayisense kuyavunyelwa.
Iningi lezinyathi likhona eziqiwini zemvelo naseziqiwini ezivikelwe, ngokwesibonelo, eTanzania, eKruger National Park eNingizimu Afrika, eZambia, izindawo ezivikelekile zeLuangwa River Valley.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyathi ezimnyama zase-Afrika ezingaphandle kwamapaki kazwelonke nezindawo ezivikelekile iyinkimbinkimbi ngemisebenzi yabantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenani elikhulu lomhlaba. Abamele umndeni we-bovid abakwazi ukubekezelela umhlaba wasekhaya, wezolimo futhi abakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziguqukile zesikhala esizungezile.
Inyathi yase-Afrika uthathwa njengenkosi ephelele yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngisho nenkosi yezilwane enesibindi futhi enesibindi, ibhubesi, iyazesaba lezi zilwane ezinolaka, ezinamandla ngendlela eyisimanga nezinamandla. Amandla nobukhulu balesi silo buyamangalisa ngempela. Kodwa-ke, kuba nzima kakhulu ngaye ukuba aphile ezimweni zemvelo zasendle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-16: 34
