Incazelo nezici
I-hedgehog enhle umlingiswa owaziwa yizingane kusukela ezinsukwini zazo zokuqala. Uyiqhawe lezinganekwane namakhathuni. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lezi zilwane zibukeka kanjani. Isidalwa esincane esinomzimba othambile, amehlo amancane, ikhala elihlangene nemilenze emincane.
Kepha isici esiphawuleka kakhulu nesici sokubukeka kwakhe yizinsipho eziphansi ezihlanganisa ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba. Izinaliti ezinjalo zinesikali esinsundu, esimpunga-mnyama noma esimpunga nje, lapho imibala ekhonjisiwe ifakwa ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Konke lokhu kungabonakala esithombeni se-hedgehog.
Kule ncazelo, isazi sezinto eziphilayo sizokwengeza ukuthi laba bameleli bezilwane yizilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni we-hedgehog. Ubude bomzimba wezidalwa ezinjalo buhluka kakhulu kusuka kokuncane kakhulu - kungabi ngaphezu kwe-10 cm, kufinyelela cishe isigamu semitha.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo se-hedgehog cishe siyikhilogremu, kepha empeleni, isisindo, njengosayizi, sincike kohlobo nobulili, ingasaphathwa iminyaka yobudala bezidalwa ezinjalo. Kungaba kokubili u-300 g no-kilogram eyodwa nohhafu. Lezi zilwane zinomsila. Futhi ingahluka: ngosayizi omfishane kakhulu, futhi futhi ikhule ngaphezu kwama-20 cm ubude.
Umphimbo walesi sidalwa uvuleke umumo wesigaxa, ekugcineni kwawo kubonakala ikhala elimanzi. Amazinyo e-hedgehog abukhali, mancane. Izidladla zinesici esithokozisayo: imilenze yangemuva mikhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili. Futhi ngayinye yezidladla ineminwe emihlanu, kanti iminwe emaphakathi yinde kunezinye futhi yenzelwa ukuhlanzwa izinaliti ze-hedgehoglokho lezi zidalwa ezivame ukukwenza zisebenzisa izinto ezinjalo.
Imisipha uqobo iyize ngaphakathi nasemzimbeni wezilwane ifakwa ngaphakathi ngezinwele ezingavamile, ezincanyana, ezingabonakali neze. Inani lezinaliti lingafika ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi. Isisu nenhloko yalezi zidalwa nazo zimbozwe ngoboya. Umbala wezinwele ungakhanya kakhulu, ube yisanti noma, kunalokho, ube mnyama.
Ububanzi bezilwane ezinjalo buhamba kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuvamile zitholakala eYurophu, kusukela eBritish Isles kuya ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseSiberia. Futhi bahlala eMiddle East, ezindaweni eziningi zase-Asia, e-Afrika naseNew Zealand.
Izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs
Kunezinhlobo ezanele zama-hedgehogs. Cishe zingama-23 zazo, futhi zihlelwe zaba imikhakha engu-7 futhi zihlanganiswe zaba imikhaya emibili emincane. Abamele babo bayehluka ngokwabo ngokuya ngezici zabo zangaphandle nangokuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezinjalo zihlukaniswa yimisipha ekhule kahle. Umuzwa wamaHedgehogs wokuhogela nokuzwa muhle kakhulu, kepha ukubona kwawo akunakubizwa ngokuthi kuhle.
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezithakazelisayo zinikezwe ngezansi.
1. I-hedgehog ejwayelekile owaziwa nangokuthi i-European. Kuleli zwekazi, izilwane ezinjalo azivamile, kepha zivame kakhulu ezifundeni zayo ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga, kanye naseKazakhstan. Zijwayelekile eScandinavia nase-UK. Ubukhulu bomzimba walezi zidalwa bucishe bube yi-25 cm, ubukhulu bawo bungaba ngu-800 g. Izinaliti zezinhlobo zaseYurophu kubantu abadala zikhula ngo-3 cm ubude.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isembozo esinameva kanjalo kuma-hedgehogs, njengoboya, naso singaphansi kwe-molting. Izinaliti ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kancane kancane. Le nqubo yemvelo yenziwa njalo ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Futhi-ke cishe ingxenye yesithathu yesembozo esinameva iyashintshwa.
Esikhundleni sezinaliti ezindala, okusha kuvela, okukhula kube isimo esigcwele isikhathi esingangonyaka. Umbala wazo ungumbombayi wezindawo ezimnyama, ezinsundu ngokunsundu nangomhlophe. Umlomo, isisu kanye nezidladla zezilwane zimbozwe ngoboya obuphuzi noma obubomvu, kwesinye isikhathi ubumnyama obumnyama.
2. I-hedgehog yaseMpumalanga Yurophu... Kusuka egameni ngokwalo, akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi lolu hlobo, njengangaphambilini, lungumhlali waseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yezwekazi. Futhi ububanzi bayo budlulela e-Urals nase-Asia Minor. Abamele izinhlobonhlobo bakhulu kakhulu kunaleso esedlule: bakhula ngamasentimitha angama-35 ubude futhi banesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu.
I-hedgehog yaseMpumalanga Yurophu
3. I-hedgehog ekhulisiwe... Izilwane ezinjalo, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-hedgehogs, azinkulu ngosayizi futhi imvamisa azifinyeleli ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhilogremu. Kodwa-ke, izindlebe zabo zinkulu ngokungenakuqhathaniswa - cishe amasentimitha ama-3. Futhi umhlobiso onjalo uyimininingwane ebonakalayo ekhanda.
Ama-hedgehogs anjalo ahlala ezifundeni ezifudumele zase-Eurasia, ahlala kahle ezingwadule nasemathafeni awomile. Isici esivelele salezi zinhlobo ezivela kuzalo lwaso umkhuba wokucasha ezitheni, ubaleke ngokushesha. Ngenkathi izinhlobo eziningi zama-hedgehogs zivame ukugoqana zibe yibhola elincane futhi zibambe ngaleli fomu.
I-hedgehog ekhulisiwe
4. I-hedgehog ende ende... Igama ngokwalo likhuluma kabanzi ngeqiniso lokuthi izinaliti zama-hedgehogs anjalo zinde kunezihlobo zazo. Zifinyelela usayizi ka-4 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibala yabo ingahluka kakhulu: kusuka ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza kakhulu kumnyama, kepha izinaliti ezimnyama, njengomthetho, zinezisekelo ezimhlophe.
Lawa mahedgehogs nawo athola isiteketiso esinempandla ngenxa yokuba khona kwamabala anempandla emqhele. Bahlala kaningi phakathi kwamathafa anamadwala, abahlala emagqumeni, kwesinye isikhathi atholakala emathafeni. Ububanzi babo budlulela eTurkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan, kanye nasemazweni ePersian Gulf. Izinhlobo zithathwa njengezingajwayelekile, eziphawulwe kwiRed Book.
I-hedgehog ende ende
5. I-African hedgehog - izinhlobonhlobo zithakazelisa kakhulu. Izilwane ezinjalo zinezindlebe eziyindilinga namehlo amancane, umsila ubude obungu-2.5 cm.Zihlala emazweni aseningizimu yehlane laseSahara. Lezi zidalwa zaziwa ngokwenza imisindo ehlaba umxhwele. Bayakwazi ukukhuza nokuthimula, kuthi lapho besaba, bamemeze kakhulu.
Ubukhulu besilisa - abamele lolu hlobo (imvamisa bancane kunabesifazane) kungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela. Kusukela kulokhu, izinhlobo zinelinye igama: i-pygmy hedgehog... Zidlani izingulube zalolu hlobo? Abakhileyo base-Afrika badla izibungu, iminenke, izinyoka, ofezela, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nama-arachnids.
I-African hedgehog
6. Ihubo elijwayelekile... Ama-Hedgehogs alolu hlobo ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi amelela umndeni omncane wama-rat hedgehogs. Babukeka njengamagundane ngempela. Ukubukeka kwezidalwa ezinjalo kuhlotshiswe ngomsila omude, embozwe ngezikali nezinwele.
Umbala ikakhulu umhlophe, uhlanganiswa izindawo ezimnyama nezibomvu. Lezi zidalwa zondla ngezithelo zezitshalo, ama-invertebrates nama-crustaceans, azideleli izinhlanzi, amaxoxo nezilwane ezincane. Ubukhulu bezilwane buhluka kakhulu, kepha abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangakhula bafike kuma-45 cm ubude.
Ihubo elejwayelekile le-hedgehog
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Izindawo zokuhlala zalezi zilwane, njengomthetho, izimbobo ezimbiwe yibo, cishe ziyimitha ubude. Lapho ilanga likhanya, ama-hedgehogs akhetha ukuphumula ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Bahlala ngempumelelo emahlathini, lapho izindlu zabo zingabonakala ezimpandeni zezihlahla nezihlahla. AmaHedgehogs ahlala kamnandi emaqeleni ngisho nasehlane.
Abameleli abanjalo bezilwane bayakwazi nokuhlala ezindlini ezenziwe ngomuthi zamagundane, uma nje bezishiyile. Ama-Hedgehogs nawo ahlala ezindaweni ezihlwanyelwe, ahlangane ezingadini nasemapaki, avame ukudonsa iso lomuntu oseduze nendawo yokuhlala yabantu. Izilwane ezinjalo ziyatholakala nasezintabeni, lapho zithola khona ukukhosela phakathi kwamatshe nasemifantwini yamadwala.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zidalwa azithandi ukubonwa, futhi imvamisa akuyona inhloso yazo ukuxhumana nezihlobo. Ngokwemvelo uthango yisilwane esihamba sodwa. Uncamela ukuba matasa ebusuku. Kungale nkathi lapho ama-hedgehogs athola khona ukudla, aphume ayozingela.
Kepha abathandi ukuba kude nasendaweni abahlala kuyo, baqaphe ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kunezingozi eziningi ezilindelwe eduze kwabo. Futhi inkinga enkulu lapha izimoto ezihamba emigwaqweni yasemaphandleni.
Ngeshwa, ngokwezibalo, eziningi kakhulu zalezi zidalwa ezinhle ziyashabalala ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, zikhasa zingaqondile ezindaweni eziyingozi futhi zingabonakali kubashayeli ebumnyameni.
Umhlangano nezidliwayo ungabulala ama-hedgehogs. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimpungushe, izimpisi, izimpisi, kanye nezilwane ezincane - ama-mongoose, ama-marten, ama-badger nezinye izitha ezinemilenze emine. Phakathi kwezinyoni, izinkozi nezikhova kuyingozi kuma-hedgehogs. Avikelwe kahle ezitheni eziningi ngameva.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zidalwa zinomkhuba, zizwa ingozi, zigobe zibe ibhola eliqinile, ziveze izinaliti zazo ezicijile ngaphandle. Futhi esimweni esinjalo, ukudla ngempumelelo i-hedgehog kuvele kube ngumsebenzi onzima. Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe ezinobuqili ziyakwazi ukubhekana nezidalwa ezi-prickly.
Uma kunesixuku samanzi eduze, bayabadudulela emanzini. Futhi ukuze ingaminzi, i-hedgehog kufanele iqonde iphume endaweni esongiwe ukuze igwedle emanzini ngezidladla zayo. Esimeni esinjalo esingavikelekile, izimpungushe ziyazifica.
AmaHedgehogs, ahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esingesihle, azakhela isidleke endaweni ecezile ebusika, impahla yokwakha okungamaqabunga omile. Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, bona, bazigoqe baba ibhola, basebusika.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Njengoba sesichaze izici zangaphandle nomsebenzi obalulekile walezi zilwane, manje siyabhekayini edliwa ama-hedgehogs... Ngokwemvelo, ezindabeni zokudla, konke kuncike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala. Imenyu enkulu iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane. Kepha empeleni, lezi zidalwa ezinhle zingama-omnivores.
I-Hedgehog idla inyoka
Njengokudla bangakhonza izikelemu zomhlaba, izintwala zezinkuni, ama-slugs, amacimbi. Amabhungane aphansi, izicabucabu, amabhungane, nezinkumbi nazo kufanele zihlukaniswe njengokufanele ukudla. Kwizisulu ezinkulu zama-hedgehogs, amanye ama-vertebrate amancane alungele ukudla. Bathanda nokudla amaqanda ezinyoni. Izinhlobo ezihlala eduze kwezifunda ezisenyakatho zidla amagundane amancane, amaxoxo, izibankwa kanye nezinsada.
Isici esithandekayo se-hedgehogs ukuvikela okungokwemvelo kubuthi bemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukudla ofezela nezinyoka, izilwane ezichazwe azilimazi umzimba. Lezi zidalwa ezi-omnivorous azifakwa ubuthi ngodoti wokudla, ngakho-ke futhi zilungele ama-hedgehogs njengokudla ngendlela enhle kakhulu.
I-hedgehog encane idla i-apula elikhulu
Ukutshala ukudla kwengeza ukudla kwezidalwa ezinjalo. Ukuphathwa kwalolu hlobo kufaka phakathi amajikijolo ahlukahlukene kanye nembewu ye-cereal. Futhi-ke, ukuhlala eduze kwabantu, ezingadini zabo nasemasimini abo, i-hedgehog inethuba lokuzikhulula endaweni yokulahla. Emahlathini ama-hedgehogs adla amakhowe, ubulembu nama-acorn.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Hedgehogs ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele zeplanethi aletha inzalo kabili ngonyaka. Kodwa izakhamizi zezifunda ezisenyakatho zinethuba lokuzala kanye kuphela. Entwasahlobo, evuka ebusika (futhi emzileni ophakathi nendawo kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngemuva kwesikhashana), laba bameleli bezilwane baxakeke ngokushesha ngezinkinga ezihambisana nokuzala.
Ama-hedgehogs asanda kuzalwa
Ama-Hedgehogs emigodini yawo yotshani obomile namaqabunga akha izidleke zikhululekile zamazinyane awo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesilisa bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokulwela ukunakwa ngabangane babo. Ukulwa nezimbangi phakathi kwezilwane ezinjalo kuvamile. Abafakizicelo basebenzisa ameva abo abukhali, balume izitha, ngenkathi bethimula futhi bekhukhumeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphumelele baqala ukubukisa phambi kozakwethu, befuna izethameli zabo.
Lezi zilwane zithola amandla okukhwelana nokuzala zisenonyaka owodwa ubudala. Ngaphambi kokuya ocansini, i-hedgehog, ukuze ingagwinyi umlingani, yehlisa ameva ayo, ngakho-ke izinaliti aziphazamisi inqubo yokukhulelwa. Kepha lapho konke sekuphelile, abanumzane bashiya abangane babo unomphela.
Futhi omama bangalinda kuphela ukuzalwa kwamazinyane abo. Ukuzala inzalo kwenzeka esikhathini esivame ukuba ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs asanda kuzalwa anqunu, angaboni futhi angenakuzisiza, anesisindo esingaphezu nje kuka-10 g, embozwe ngesikhumba esibucayi esibomvana.
Emahoreni okuqala, awekho ameva emzimbeni wamawundlu, kepha phakathi nosuku lokuqala, ukukhula okuthambile kuvela engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wezingulube ezincane. Futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ikhava ebabayo yezingane icishe yakhiwa ngokuphelele.
Izingane zidinga inyanga kuphela ukuze zikhule ukuze ziqedele ukuzimela. Futhi sonke lesi sikhathi badla ubisi lukamama. Bese kuthi-ke, bashiye isidleke sabo sokuzalwa bese beya ezweni abangalazi eligcwele izingozi.
I-hedgehog yesifazane enenzalo
Mangaki ama-hedgehogs ahlala? Lezi zidalwa ezinhle endle azivamile ukuhlala ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, kuyenzeka ukuthi abantu bagcine izilwane ezifuywayo ezingenabungozi nezinokuthula emakhaya. Futhi lapho, ezimeni zokuphepha nezokunethezeka, ama-hedgehogs angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.
Ukugcina i-hedgehog ekhaya
Ukuba ne-hedgehog ethambile endlini, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane esinjalo siqalelwa izingane, akusona isinqumo esibi nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuthenga isilwane esinjalo, hhayi ukubamba izilwane zasendle, ngoba zingathwala izifo.
I-Hedgehog ekhaya ngeke ibanike inkinga abanikazi abakhulu. Kungcono ukuyigcina esigqokweni sensimbi noma sokhuni, mhlawumbe esivulekile, lapho kufanele kubekwe khona utshani noma i-sawdust phansi. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zondliwe oqoshiwe, inyama eluhlaza engondlekile, inhlanzi entsha, isibindi esibilisiwe.
Unganikeza lesi sidalwa izaqathe nama-apula. I-hedgehog iyojabula kakhulu uma umnikazi wayo efaka ama-mealworms noma ama-bloodworms kwimenyu yakhe. Ngendlela, amaphela omisiwe angasebenza njengesibiliboco. Kepha akukhuthazwa ngokuphelele ukuthi ubuyiswe ngobisi lwalezi zilwane ezifuywayo. Ukugaya isisu kwenzeka kuma-hedgehogs avela kulo mkhiqizo.
