Incazelo nezici
Kubantu abaningi, izinhlanzi zasolwandle zihlotshaniswa nolwandle, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ziyaculwa ezinkondlweni, kwezobuciko nasemculweni. Izazi zezinyoni zicabanga ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo zisezingeni lamaCharadriiformes, zingezomndeni wegama elifanayo negama lenyoni - izinhlanzi zasolwandle.
Phakathi kwezinyoni zasolwandle, zidume kakhulu, ngoba kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bezihlala eduze kwamadolobha nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Lezi zidalwa zigqamile kuso sonke isizwe esinezimpaphe ezinezimpawu nezici ezihlukile. Kungenzeka ujwayelane nezici zokubukeka kwazo izinhlanzi zasolwandle esithombeni... Ngaphandle, lezi yizinyoni eziphakathi nezikhulu.
Ububanzi bezimpaphe eziminyene nezibushelelezi zingaba mhlophe noma mpunga, zivame ukugcwaliswa izindawo ezimnyama ezisekhanda noma ezimpikweni zezinyoni. Uhlobo oludume kakhulu nolwejwayelekile ama-gulls anekhanda elimnyama, izimpiko ezimnyama nomzimba okhanyayo.
Izinkumbi, njengezinyoni eziningi zasemanzini, zinezinyawo ezinama-webbed
Ungahlangana, noma kungenjalo kaningi, nolwandle olungu-monochromatic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zinamaphiko aphakathi nendawo nomsila, uqweqwe oluncane oluqinile, uqine uqweqwe nolwelwesi lokubhukuda emilenzeni.
Lapho ukuxhumana nezihlobo, lezi zidalwa zemvelo zisebenzisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lemisindo ehluke kakhulu. Izimpawu ezifana nalezi zingaba yingxenye yemikhosi yomshado, ekhombisa ukuba khona kokudla, kanye nokuxwayiswa ngengozi.
Ukukhala kwezinyoni ezinjalo, okuvame ukuzwakala ogwini lwazo zonke izilwandle nolwandle loMhlaba, kuvame ukuthokozisa kakhulu futhi kubabaze, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - kuzwakala kakhulu, ngoba kungazwakala kusuka kumakhulu amaningi amamitha kude.
Izinhlobo zasolwandle
Kucatshangwa ukuthi okhokho basendulo balaba bameleli bombuso wezimpaphe kwakungu-terns, scum, sandpipers kanye nabasiki bamanzi. Konke lokhu izinyoni, ukufana ne-gull... Isibonelo, ama-tern anokufana okuningi nezidalwa ezinamaphiko ezichazwe futhi futhi adume ngokungakhathali lapho endiza.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi ayisithupha zezinhlanzi zasolwandle zososayensi. Yize kunzima ukwenza ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kwalezi zinyoni ngenxa yokuthambekela kokuwela ngaphakathi.
Ngokwemvelo, abamele izizukulwane ezintsha zama-gulls ngenxa yalesi sizathu banikezwe izici zezinhlobo ezimbili zabazali ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzalo iphinde iwele futhi izuze ifa lezimpawu zezinhlobo ezintsha ezintsha.
Zonke zinezici ezivelele zokubukeka nezakhiwo ezingavamile, yize empeleni zifana ngezindlela eziningi.
Kulokhu okukhona, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ezithakazelisayo zingahlukaniswa.
- I-Herring gull - isampula enkulu phakathi kwezihlobo zayo. Ubude bomzimba kwezinye izimo bufinyelela kuma-67 cm, isisindo - kufika kukhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu. Umzimba onamandla walezi zinyoni uyamangalisa.
Inhloko, ebukeka i-angular kancane, imhlophe ehlobo, kanti ebusika imbozwe ngephethini ehlukile. Iphethini ekugcineni kwephiko nayo iyashintsha. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lunamandla, ukuveza kwamehlo akuhlakaniphile.
Imvamisa, lezi zidalwa zitholakala ogwini lolwandle, kepha futhi zimpande eduze kwamachibi, imifula kanye namaxhaphozi nezinye izinyoni zamanzi.
IHring Gull inezimpaphe ezijwayelekile
- Kukhulu izinhlanzi zasolwandle phuma ngesici esibomvu esibonakalayo ku-mandible wesikhumba esivame ukuphuzi. Umzimba ophezulu wezidalwa ezinamaphiko umnyama, phansi kumhlophe. Iphiko, kumnyama ngaphandle, ligudle emaphethelweni ngokukhanya okulula.
Intsha ivelele ngezimpaphe ezinsundu ngephethini yemivimbo namabala. Abantu abavuthiwe bavame ukuqhathaniswa nezikhonkwane ezinamandla, futhi babukeka befana nabo. Impela kunjalo ulwandle olukhulu.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala ogwini lolwandle lwaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ngokuvamile eziqhingini ezinamadwala.
Isici esihlukile se-seagull enkulu ukuba khona kwendawo ebomvu emlonyeni wayo
- I-rock gull, kunjengokungathi iyikhophi encishisiwe yesiliva, kepha ukubukeka kwayo kuhle kakhulu: amaphiko made, ikhanda liyindilinga, nomlomo omncane mncane. Umbala wezimpaphe ungaphansi kwezinguquko zonyaka. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-46 cm.
Izwi lemikhono enjalo liyindida futhi lithule kakhulu kunalelo le-herring gull. Imisindo ekhishwayo iyafana "nezinkomba" eziphindaphindwa.
- Ingquza enekhanda elimnyama zezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwayo, isifanekiso sincane kakhulu. Ehlobo, izimpaphe ezisekhanda lezinyoni ezinjalo zinsundu (ebusika lo mthunzi uyanyamalala kakhulu), imibuthano emhlophe ezungeze amehlo.
Ekupheleni kwamaphiko kunesici, iphethini ebonakalayo kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisakazeke kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu.
Amaqhugwane anekhanda elimnyama anezimpaphe zekhanda elimnyama
- Inhlwathi enamakhanda amnyama inkulu kunenwele enekhanda elimnyama, yize ngokubukeka kunokufana okwanele nesihlobo esibonisiwe. Abantu abadala bagqama ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe zokundiza.
Lokhu i-seagull enekhanda elimnyama kwenzeka kulo lonke ihlobo, kepha lapho kuqala ukubanda, umbala wayo uyashintsha. Kunezinyoni eziningi ezinjalo enyakatho yesifunda soLwandle Olumnyama naseTurkey. Amakholoni abo atholakala entshonalanga nasezindaweni ezimaphakathi zaseYurophu.
- I-Rose gull iyinhlobo engavamile kodwa enhle kakhulu. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo zingumbala opinki onombala ophuzi nophaphathekile, okuwumbono nje omlingo. Isithombe sezidalwa ezinjalo sithinta ngokukhethekile.
Uqhwaku nezinyawo zale nhlobo yezinyoni kungaba phuzi, kubomvu noma kube mnyama. Ingubo yezimpaphe zasebusika yinhle ngokungavamile, kepha entwasahlobo lo mbono ungaba umxhwele kancane ngenxa yokuncibilika.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpaphe ze-motley zabantu abasha zinombala onsundu.
Esithombeni kukhona i-pink gull
- I-Ivory gull iyinyoni encane yase-polar. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-45 kuphela.Uhlala ezingxenyeni ze-Arctic, kanye nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezisondelene nesimo sezulu. Uhlala emakoloni nasezidlekeni zamatshe.
Kunjalo I-seagull emhlophe ngombala wophaphe. Idla izidumbu kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Indle yamabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme, ama-walrus nezimpawu kufanelekile kulezi zidalwa.
Umhlali wase-Ivory gull wezifunda ze-arctic
- Inhlwathi enamakhanda amnyama iyinhlobo ephawuleka kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngoba lesi sibonelo sinobukhulu obuhle. Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukushaya ngobude obumaphakathi obungu-70 cm.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo sazo singafinyelela ku-2 kg noma ngaphezulu.
Okwesibili, le nhlobo ayivelakancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka kwezidalwa ezichazwe kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Njengoba igama lisho, ikhanda lenyoni mnyama. Gull le nhlobonhlobo ibuye ibe ne-tint ekhanyayo kule ndawo.
Umlomo uphuzi ngombala obomvu. Isizinda esikhulu somzimba simhlophe, izimpiko zimpunga, izidladla ziphuzi. Izinyoni ezinjalo zithole igama lazo ngemisindo yazo, okuyi- "ay" eminingi.
Ingquza enekhanda elimnyama
- Okumhlophe okumpunga inobukhulu obumaphakathi ngokuqhathanisa nezihlobo. Kuvela ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, kuhlala ngogu lwasePacific. Izimpaphe zezinyoni zimpunga yomthofu. Zinemilenze emnyama noqhwaku.
I-gull ehlukile ungayihlukanisa hhayi kuphela ngezimpaphe zayo, kodwa futhi nangezidladla zayo ezimnyama nomlomo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zitholakala kuyo yonke iplanethi, lapho kukhona amadamu alungele izinyoni ezinjalo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zikhetha kuphela izindawo ezipholile, ezinye - indawo eshisayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamaqhugwane zitholakala ngasogwini lolwandle olukhulu nolwandle olungapheli. Bavame ukuhlala phansi. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha amachibi nemifula futhi zihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Ezikhathini ezingezinhle, lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zivame ukufuduka, zikhetha ukufudukela ezingxenyeni ezifudumele zolwandle zomhlaba.
Kepha amanye amakoloni ezinyoni ahlala ezindaweni zawo ezivamile zokuhlala: ezindaweni zamadolobha amakhulu, lapho adla khona imfucuza yokudla.
Lezi zinyoni zingamapheshana amahle kakhulu. Konke lokhu kwenziwa izici zesakhiwo sazo, ikakhulukazi - ukuma kwamaphiko nomsila. Emoyeni, bazizwa sengathi basekhaya elithokomele. Izinyoni ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukundiza ngokungakhathali futhi zihambe amabanga amarekhodi amarekhodi.
Izinyoni zaziwa nangama-pirouette abo, amaqhinga kanye namasu ngesikhathi sezindiza. Izinyawo ezine-webbed zivumela lezi zinyoni ukubhukuda ngokuphelele. Gull ihamba ngokushesha emanzini, kepha, futhi igijimela emhlabeni.
Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko, njengezinyoni eziningi zasemanzini, zakha imihlambi. Amakholoni abo angamela umphakathi omkhulu futhi afake izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu, kepha kukhona namaqembu amancane kakhulu, inani lamalungu awo elilodwa noma amabili.
Uma bebheka izingwe zasolwandle ezindiza ngaphezu kwegagasi lolwandle, zihlaba umxhwele ngobuhle bazo nokuzola, abaningi bazizwa benogqozi lothando. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka okwanelisayo kwalenyoni kufakazela ngokwengeziwe inala yokudla kulezo zingxenye zokuchuma lapho izingela khona futhi ihlale khona.
Kepha uma kungekho ukudla okwanele, lezi zinyoni maduzane zithatha isizungu sezidliwayo ezihahayo nezinesibindi, ezikwazi ukulwela ucezu lokudla ngolaka olungakholeki, hhayi kuphela nezihlobo zabantu abadala ezivela emalungwini omhlambi, kepha ngisho nangamazinyane.
Kodwa lapho kuvela ingozi, lezi zilwane zihlangana ngokushesha zilwe ndawonye zilwe nesitha esisodwa. Futhi bangaba yimpungushe, ibhere, impungushe yase-arctic, kusuka ezinyonini - igwababa, ukhozi, ikhayithi, noma umuntu ongene empilweni yakhe.
Ama-seagulls ahlangana emhlambini ngenkathi ezingela, kanye nokulwa nokusongelwa
Ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesitha nokuvikela ama-seagulls, kunohlelo oluhle futhi oluhlelekile lokuxwayisa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Abazingeli abangenakulinganiswa balezi zinyoni benziwa ngoqhwaku olukhonjwe ngendlela efanayo, oluncane, oluvumela ukubamba noma yisiphi isisulu esishelelayo nesibusayo. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwabo izinhlanzi ezincane ne-squid.
Imvamisa inyoni yasolwandle amadili ezinsaleleni zezisulu zezilwane ezinkulu, asondela eduze kwezikole zamahlengethwa, imikhomo nezinye izidalwa zasolwandle.
Zifuna ukudla, lezi zinyoni zenza imibuthano engapheli ngaphezu kwamanzi, zindiza ngesibindi zibalekele kude ibanga ukusuka ogwini lolwandle, zihlale zibuka okwenzekayo ekujuleni kwamanzi okujulile.
Ngakho-ke, bazingela izikole zezinhlanzi, okuthi, ezikhuphukela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zolwandle, zivame ukuba yizisulu zezinhlanzi ezilambile. Kepha ekuzingeleni izisulu zabo, izinhlanzi azazi ukuthi zingagxumela kanjani ekujuleni okukhulu.
Imvamisa lezi zinyoni zifuna ukudla ngasogwini lolwandle, ziyofuna izidumbu zezidumbu zezimvu zamanzi nezimvu zamanzi. Bacosha izimbaza ezifile, i-starfish, izinkalankala, nabanye abamele izilwane zasolwandle.
Izinhlobo ezihlala emathafeni aseduze nemizimba yamanzi nangaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle zivame ukwaneliseka ngezitshalo namajikijolo, kubamba ama-voles namagundane, nezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane.
Kwenzeka lokhu nje ukuthi emhlabeni namuhla kunokudla okwanele kwezinyoni ezinjalo. Futhi inala yesisekelo sokudla ihlotshaniswa nempilo yomuntu. Ngokumangazayo, kulokhu, abantu basiza ukusinda kwalezi zinyoni, hhayi ukufaka isandla ekubhujisweni kohlobo lwalezi zinyoni.
Kungenxa yenala yokudla eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu lapho izinhlanzi zasolwandle sezijwayele kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukuhlala eduze nezimpawu zempucuko. Bajwayele ukuthuthela emachwebeni nasemabhishi, lapho befuna izingcezu ezihlwabusayo - izinsalela zokudla kwabantu. Imvamisa, izinyoni azikudeleli ukuzitika ngemfucuza ezindaweni zokulahla inqwaba yedolobha.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Imibhangqwana eshadile yalezi zinyoni ayihlakazeki ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, futhi ngamunye wabalingani uhlala ethembekile komunye, enelisekile ngokuba nenkampani eyodwa kuphela kuze kube sekufeni. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka lowo okhethiwe eshona, kuvame ukutholakala omunye umuntu ohlala naye.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana samaqhuqhuva senzeka kanye ngonyaka. Ukuthandana kwezinyoni ngaphambi kokukhwelana kuqukethe ukwenza ukunyakaza okuthile, okunzima kakhulu kwekhanda, komzimba kanye nazo zonke izimpaphe. Lezi zinkambiso zivame ukuhambisana nezimpawu zezwi.
I-seagull iyakhala ezimweni ezinjalo, ifana nemeow. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuya ocansini, umlingani ulethela intokazi yakhe umuthi, osebenza njengesiqinisekiso sobudlelwano obuhle kulo mbhangqwana oshadile.
Ama-seagulls aqala ukuhlela isidleke kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Izindlu zezinkukhu ezithokomele zingatholakala onqenqemeni oluncane, khona otshanini noma esihlabathini. Izinto zokwakha zikhethwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwendawo.
Izinhlobo zasolwandle zama-gull zithatha ama-chips namagobolondo. E-Arctic Circle, izinyoni ngokuvamile zisebenzisa umhlanga, ulwelwe olomile notshani.
Umama we-seagull ubeka amaqanda afika kathathu ngemibala ngesikhathi. Bese kuthi, inyanga (noma isikhathi esincane), afukamele inzalo. Owesilisa onakekelayo unikeza umlingani wakhe ukudla ngobuningi.
Amachwane azalwa maduzane. Awaqanduli wonke ngobuningi, kepha imvamisa ngesikhawu sosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Inzalo yama-gulls, embozwe ngobuningi phansi, kusukela emahoreni okuqala okuphila, isebenza ngokungajwayelekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, sezivele zinezitho zombono.
Bamba amaqanda amnyama esidlekeni
Kuliqiniso, ikhono lokuhamba ngokuzimela kwamachwane asanda kuzalwa alikho, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside. Kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela futhi isizukulwane esisha sesivele siqala uhambo lwaso ngokusebenzisa leli koloni lezinyoni.
Umzabalazo wokuba khona kwamachwane unolaka, futhi abazali, njengomthetho, bakhetha abadala. Ngakho-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi ngokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, amawundlu amancane ama-gull afa.
Ukuphonswa kwamachwane kuyinto efihlekile ephumelela ngokungavamile kubo, ukuwagcina uma kunengozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izidalwa ezincane ziyagqama ngemuva kwamatshe olwandle nesihlabathi.
Amantshontsho ayizimpaphe anezimpaphe, okwenza kube lula ngawo ukufihla.
Abantu abasha bazifunela okwabo ukubeletha benonyaka owodwa noma emithathu. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala emvelweni, uma ukufa okungalindelekile kungazifici ngaphambili, cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Nokho, isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinyoni emhlabeni sincike kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, abantu bama-herring gulls banethuba elihle lokuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-49.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi muva nje, abaningi baqale ukubheka lezi zinyoni njengeziyingozi, okubeka usongo olukhulu kuyo yonke imvelo. Konke kumayelana nokwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi olwandle lomhlaba, okuye kwabonakala kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Umphumela wesinqumo esisheshayo sabameleli abahahayo nabanobugovu bomuntu ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwalezi zidalwa ezinhle ezinamaphiko ezifundeni eziningi.
Kodwa-ke, ekwakheni umbono ngazo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke izinzuzo zezinyoni ezinjalo. Ukudla izidumbu zezidalwa eziphilayo kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla, ngakho-ke balwela ubumsulwa bemvelo bendawo ezungezile.
