Nyathi - isinambuzane esimelana nesithwathwa kakhulu. Iguqulwe ukuvumelanisa imisipha ye-pectoral, ukusheshisa igazi, ukufudumeza umzimba ube ngama-degree angama-40. Lo mshini uvumela izinyosi ezinkulu zikwazi ukundizela umpe ekuntweleni kokusa, ngaphandle kokwesaba isimo sezulu esibandayo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo yokuncintisana kunezinyosi.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-bumblebee
Iqhawe lendatshana shaggy. Nyathi embozwe izinwele, njengoba besho, kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni. Isembozo siwugqinsi. Ezinyosini, izinwele zitshalwa kancane futhi zitholakala kuphela egumbini langaphakathi lomzimba.
Ezinye izici ze-bumblebee zifaka:
1. Kuminyene futhi kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba wenyosi. Ibanzi futhi kunaleyo yomnyovu. Lokhu kungenye isinambuzane senyathi.
2. Ubukhona bezinyosi kwabesifazane bezinhlobo zezinyosi nezinyosi ezisebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, izihlobo zezinyosi azivamile ukuluma. Udosi lwezinyosi lubushelelezi, njengolo lweminyovu. Ezinyosi, inqubo isetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke ihlala emzimbeni womuntu.
Inyosi yenyosi kushiya kuphela imizwa ebuhlungu, ububomvu bendawo, ukuvuvukala. Ngaphansi kuka-1% walabo abathintekayo bathuthukisa ukungezwani komzimba. Kuyinto ejwayelekile yokuphinda uthelwe.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokulunywa okungokoqobo kwenyoka. Isinambuzane saso senza ngemihlathi yaso. Lawa anamandla, awele amandla. Ukuzivikela, inyosi enkulu enkulu kuqala iyayisebenzisa, bese kuba udosi kuphela.
3.Ubude bomzimba obungamasentimitha amathathu. Leli yirekhodi ngokuqhathaniswa neminyovu, izinyosi, izinyosi.
4. Isisindo cishe siyi-0.6 gram. Lesi yisisindo sabasebenzi. Isibeletho singaba nesisindo cishe segramu.
5. Ivezwe ngokulingene ubungqingili bezocansi. Ikakhulu, ikhanda lowesifazane lide kunelowesilisa futhi liyindilinga ngemuva kwekhanda. Umugqa onamachashazi ku-vertex untekenteke. Kwabesilisa, umugqa ucacile, kanti ikhanda lingunxantathu.
Ngisho nakwabesilisa, izimpondo zinde. Ngakho ungaqonda inyosi enkulu esithombeni noma inyosi enkulu.
6. I-Proboscis 7 kuya ku-20 mm ubude. Umzimba uyadingeka ukungena kuma-corollas wezimbali. Izinyosi ezindizayo zikhipha umpe kuzo.
7. Imthende noma imnyama bhuqe. Icala lokugcina alivamile. Umbala ubangelwa ibhalansi phakathi kwemisebenzi yokuvikela ne-thermoregulation. Okumnyama, ikakhulukazi, kudonsela amandla elanga.
Ukushintshaniswa kombala ophuzi nowolintshi kusabisa izilwane ezidla ezinye, kukhombisa ubuthi benyosi. Amanga lawa. Iqhawe lendatshana alinabo ubuthi.
Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezinyosi ezinkulu kungenxa yokuncipha kwesifuba kuphela, kodwa futhi nobukhulu nobude bejazi. Njengejazi loboya, ufudumeza isinambuzane ekuseni nasebusuku.
Ekushiseni, ikhava yenyosi enkulu, kunalokho, igcina ungqimba lomoya eduze kwesikhumba sokushisa komzimba, hhayi imvelo. Uma lesi sinambuzane sidinga ukuphola, sikhipha ithonsi lamathe emlonyeni waso. Lolu ketshezi luhwamuka ukuze luphole isilwane, sikwenze kube lula Indiza Yenyathi.
Izinga lokushisa elibucayi le-bumblebee lingama- + 36 degrees. Isinambuzane sishisa ngokweqile, asikwazi ukundiza. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomsebenzi wesilwane lingama - +4 degrees.
Izinhlobo zezinyosi
Bumblebee - isinambuzane cishe "ubuso" obungamakhulu amathathu. Izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amathathu zezilwane ziyehluka kakhulu ngombala, ubukhulu, nezindawo zokuhlala.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinyosi ezinkulu yilezi:
1. Okuvamile. Ukujwayeleka kwayo kuyangabazeka, ngoba lesi sinambuzane sisohlwini lweRed Book lomhlaba jikelele. Isilwane sinesizinda esimnyama esinemigqa emibili ephuzi. Ungahlangana nesinambuzane eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasemingceleni yaseRussia ngaso.
2. Ihlathi. Incane kunezinye izinyamazane ezinkulu. Ubude bomzimba wesinambuzane ngokuvamile buba ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5. Abamele lezi zinhlobo nabo bahlukile ngombala ongacabangi, ongafani nhlobo. Umbala ophuzi ucishe ube mhlophe, kuthi omnyama asondele kwempunga.
3. Ingadi. Le nyosi inyuka ngobude bayo besiqu. Kepha umzimba walesi sinambuzane usayizi ophakathi nendawo - cishe amasentimitha ama-2 ubude. Umbala uhlukaniswa ngomugqa omnyama obanzi phakathi kwamaphiko nesifuba esiphuzi. Umbala useduze kwethoni yemibala eyize.
4. isi-Armenia. Ihluke ngombala onsundu, hhayi omhlophe. Isinambuzane futhi sinabise "izihlathi" nomhlane osumhlophe esiswini. I-bumblebee yase-Armenia inkulu, ingaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-3 ubude. Izinhlobo ezivamile, ezibalwe kwiRed Book yamazwe omhlaba.
5. UMokhovaya. Yelulwe yaba ngamasentimitha angu-2.2. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlukaniswa ngokungabikho kwemivimbo emnyama. Zonke izinwele zesilwane ziyigolide. Kunemigqa lapho i-villi icishe ibe nsundu. Ingemuva lalesi sinambuzane sinombala osawolintshi ogqamile.
6. Ubumba. Unesifuba esimnyama. Indwayimane emnyama nebomvu igijima ngemuva kwalesi sinambuzane. Abesifazane, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi ezinkulu kunabesilisa abasebenza, bafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-2.3.
Isinambuzane somhlaba sitshalwa esikalini sezimboni ukuze kuthunyelwe impova yezitshalo.
7. ISteppe. Kukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, kufinyelela kumasentimitha angu-3.5. Izihlathi zenyosi enkulu ziyisikwele, futhi umbala ulula. Imivimbo ephaphathekile ephuzi nampunga iyashintshana. Kunebhande elimnyama elincanyana phakathi kwamaphiko ezinambuzane.
8. Ngaphansi komhlaba. Imigqa yayo ephuzi iyona efiphele phakathi kwezinyosi futhi ibonakala imhlophe. Le migqa yombala we-vanilla ifakwe ngaphakathi emnyama. Isinambuzane esingaphansi komhlaba siphinde sihlukaniswe yisisu esihlanganisiwe kanye ne-proboscis efanayo ehlanganisiwe.
9. Emadolobheni. Okuncane. Ubude bezisebenzi ezithile buyisentimitha elingu-1. Umkhawulo ungamasentimitha angu-2.2. Umbala uhlukile kwezinye izinyosi ezinesifuba esibomvu kanye necezwana elimhlophe esiswini. Kukhona futhi indwayimane emnyama.
10. Lugovoi. Ngisho nangaphansi kwedolobha. Ubude besifazane bungamasentimitha angu-1.7. Abasebenzi bavame ukukhula ngamamilimitha ayi-9 kuphela. Ngemuva kwekhanda elimnyama lalesi sinambuzane kukhona ukhololo ophuzi ojulile. Izinyosi ezinkulu ezinjengalezi ezinkulu ziqala ukushiya ubusika.
11. Itshe. Lolu uhlobo oluphakathi nendawo. Inyathi emnyama, ngaphandle kwethiphu lesisu. Ibomvu ngokusawolintshi. Abesilisa banekhola eliphuzi esifubeni sabo. Ngaphandle kwama-nuances, ubumnyama, ukukhanya, ukubukwa okuhle ne-rom-script nakho kufanelekile encazelweni.
Lezi zingqungqulu ezine zingubumba, okungukuthi, zakha izidleke emhlabathini. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezinezindlu ebusweni bomhlaba.
12. Inamabala. Kubhalwe kuRed Book laseRussia njengezilwane ezisengozini. Uphawu lwesikwele ligoqiwe emhlane walo ophuzi ophuzi wezinwele ezimnyama.
13. Umkhuzi. Ihluka ngosayizi ophakathi. Kunezinwele eziphuzi ebunzi elimnyama lalesi sinambuzane. Kukhona uphawu lwe-oval ngemuva kwe-bumblebee. Iqukethe i-black villi.
14. Izithelo. Umbala ojwayelekile wale nyosi inyoni ansundu. Ekhanda, esifubeni, esiswini nasemilenzeni, umbala ubumnyama. Izimpiko zezinhlobo zenziwe mnyama kancane.
15. Ihhashi. Ubude abudluli ngamasentimitha ama-2. Umbala ojwayelekile walesi sinambuzane ungwevu okhanyayo, kepha kukhona ibhande elimnyama phakathi kwamaphiko.
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingama-53 zezinyosi ezinkulu zihlala eYurophu kuphela. Okuhlanganisiwe kungumbumbulu-mbumbulu. Kwanele ukukhumbula okwesibhakabhaka. Empeleni, iyinyosi. Unomzimba omnyama namaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Igama elisemthethweni lale nhlobo inyosi yombazi.
Kubhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu yaseRussia. Kepha inyamazane eluhlaza okotshani akubhalisiwe njengesitolo esiku-inthanethi semikhiqizo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingama-300 zama-bumblebee wangempela emhlabeni jikelele, kunezinye eziningi ngaphandle kwe-taxonomy.
Ukuziphatha nendawo yokuhlala
Izinyosi ezinkulu zihlala emindenini. Ziqukethe izindlovukazi, abesilisa nabasebenzi. Isibalo sabo sisuka ku-100 kuye ku-500. Lokhu kungaphansi kwamakholoni ezinyosi.
Umndeni wezinyosi uqine kusukela entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla. Bese kuthi abesifazane baye ebusika, iqembu lihlukane. Ngaphambi kwalokhu kubola, isibeletho sizala izingane ezikhulelwe ngabesilisa. Umsebenzi we-bumblebees osebenzayo ukwakha, ukuvikela kanye nokuthwala amalungiselelo aye esidlekeni. Lezi zakamuva zihlala ngabantu abakhulu. Abasebenzi abancane banakekela izibungu.
Indawo ehlala lesi sinambuzane incike ezinhlotsheni zaso:
- i-bumblebee yasedolobheni ivame kulo lonke elase-Eurasia
- idlelo litholakala eYurophu nasezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Asia, ngokwesibonelo, eKazakhstan
- inyathi yenyoka ejwayelekile empumalanga yeYurophu
- izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba zasatshalaliswa zisuka eNgilandi zaya eUral
- I-mossy bumblebee igcwale yonke i-Eurasia ngaphandle kwe-Arctic
- Abamele izinhlobo zasemhlabeni bahlala eYurophu, e-Asia, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika
- lapho kuhlala khona inyamazane enkulu yase-Armenia kucacile egameni layo
- ukubuka kwensimu kufanele ukufunwa ezindaweni ezisuka eGreat Britain kuye eSiberia
- Inyosi enkulu evamile ihlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu
Ukuhlungwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyosi kuyabonakala ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo. Ezindaweni ezishisayo nasenyakatho ekude, izinambuzane zincane. Ehlathini lase-Amazon, ngokwesibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zezinyosi ezinkulu.
Kwezinye izindawo, izinambuzane ezinemigqa azifani, zingeniswa zivela ngaphandle. E-Australia naseNew Zealand, isibonelo, inyosi enkulu yensimu yethulwa ngekhulu elidlule.
Ukudla kwe-bumblebee
Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-40 zezinyosi ezinkulu zithathwa njengesibiliboco se-clover nectar. Izinambuzane nazo zihlala kwezinye izimbali. Ngokwengeziwe, izihlobo zezinyosi ziphuza umuthi wesihlahla. Ngakho-ke kuyacaca yini ama-bumblebees ayenzayo phezu kweziqu.
Izinyosi ezikhiqiza izinyosi zikhiqiza uju, kodwa ngobuningi obulinganiselwe. Ukufinyelela ekwelashweni nakho kunqunyelwe. Abantu abadala bayayeka, beshiya uju kwizibungu. Uju lwezinyosi luncane futhi lulula kunezinyosi zezinyosi. Iphunga lomkhiqizo nalo alisho kakhulu. Ubumnandi boju lwezinyosi lobo bumblebee buncane futhi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyosi ezindizayo zakha izidleke ngaphansi, noma ngaphezulu komhlaba. Inketho yokuqala ivame ukuhlala ngamagundane, ngokwesibonelo, amagundane. Izindlu abazishiyile ziqukethe uboya namakhambi omile. Izinyosi zezinyosi ziyazisebenzisa ukuvikela izidleke zazo.
Izidleke phansi zingenziwa ezinyonini ezilahliwe, ngaphansi kotshani. Izinambuzane ezikhuphukela phezulu zenza ngenye indlela isakhiwo. Nyathi uhlela ukwakha isidleke esihlahleni esingenalutho, endlini yezinyoni.
Ama-bumblebees anezindlala eziswini zawo ezikhiqiza i-wax. Izinambuzane ziqinisa izindonga zezidleke nazo, kepha ukuma kwezakhiwo kwehlukile, kuya ngendawo ekhethelwe indlu. I-wax ivimbela umswakama ukuba ungene esidlekeni sezinyosi. Izinto ezinamatheliswe emnyango ziphinda zifihle indlu, ziyivikele ekubukeni amehlo.
Umjikelezo wokukhula kanyoni uqalwa nesibungu. Kubekwa entwasahlobo ngesibeletho. Yivundise ekwindla. Isibeletho sizalela amaqanda ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-16 esidlekeni saso esakhiwe ngezidladla. Ngokwakhiwa kwayo, umuntu ushiya ubusika ngaphambi kwabanye.
Isigaba sesibili sokuthuthuka kondlebende yisibungu. Iphuma eqandeni cishe ngosuku lwesi-6. Isibeletho sondla izibungu cishe amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho i-pupate yenzalo. Lesi yisigaba sesithathu. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2,5, izinyoni ezindala zidla imifece. "Izindlu" ezilahliwe ziba yizindawo zokugcina umpe noju.
Ngesikhathi senyanga eyodwa, izinyosi ezinkulu zivumela ukuthi isibeletho singabe sisaphuma ngaphandle kwesidleke, sinikeze ikoloni ngokuphelele ukudla nezinto zokwakha.
Kuliqiniso, abesilisa abaningi bayandiza bayofuna ezinye izindlovukazi, ezizovundiswa ekwindla. Abesilisa baphila ukumbona. Kepha o-bumblebees abasebenzayo babheka umhlaba isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
Izindlovukazi zingabanikazi bamarekhodi empilo yezinyosi. Uma bezalwa ekwindla, bayakwazi ukugubha usuku lwabo lokuzalwa lokuqala. AmaQueens azalwa entwasahlobo awushiye ekuqaleni, ekwindla ngawo lowo nyaka.
