Isicabucabu esikhafula (iSytyt thoracica) singesesigaba se-arachnid.
Ukusabalala kwesicabucabu esikhafula.
Abamele uhlobo lweSytytode ikakhulukazi izicabucabu ezishisayo noma ezishisayo. Kodwa-ke, izicabucabu ezikhafula zisakazeke kuzo zonke izifunda ze-Nearctic, iPalaearctic, neNeotropical. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukutholakala empumalanga ye-United States, kanye nase-UK, eSweden nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Kutholakale izicabucabu ezikhafula eJapan nase-Argentina. Ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo ezimeni ezinzima kunesizathu sokuba khona kwezindlu ezifudumele kanye nezakhiwo lapho lezi zigcawu ziguqule khona.
Indawo yokuhlala isicabucabu.
Izicabucabu ezikhafula amathe zitholakala emahlathini apholile. Okuvame ukutholakala emakhoneni amnyama ezindlini zokuhlala, amagumbi angaphansi, amakhabethe nezinye izikhala.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesicabucabu esikhafulayo.
Izicabucabu ezikhafula zinemilenze emide, emincane, futhi engenalutho (engenaboya), ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya zezinzwa ezimfushane ezisakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Lezi zigcawu ziphinde zikhonjwe kalula yi-cephalothorax (prosoma) enesisindo esikhulu, esitshekele phezulu emuva. Isisu sinobukhulu obulinganayo obufanayo njenge-cephalothorax namathambeka abheke phansi, futhi sincane nje ngosayizi we-cephalothorax. Njengazo zonke izicabucabu, lezi zingxenye zomzimba (izingxenye) zihlukaniswe umlenze omncane - "okhalweni". Izindlala ezinkulu, ezithuthukiswe kahle ezinobuthi ziphambi kwe-cephalothorax. Lezi zindlala zehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ingxenye encane, engaphambili, equkethe ubuthi, negumbi elikhulu langemuva, eliqukethe ushungamu.
Izicabucabu ezikhafula zikhipha imfihlo enamathelayo, eyinhlanganisela yezinto ezimbili, futhi ikhishwa ngendlela efingqiwe kusuka ku-chelicerae, futhi ayikwazi ukukhishwa ngokuhlukile.
Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu alunaso isitho esivikela usilika (cribellum). Ukuphefumula kuyinto tracheal.
Isembozo somzimba omthubi ophuzi onombala omnyama onamabala ku-cephalothorax, leli phethini lifana nehabhu kancane. Imilenze inyathela kancane iye ezansi uma iqhathaniswa nobukhulu obuphuma emzimbeni. Mide ngemigqa emnyama. Ngaphambili kwekhanda, kukhona amandla ngaphansi kwamehlo. Abesilisa nabesifazane banamasayizi omzimba ahlukene: 3.5-4 mm ubude afinyelela kowesilisa, nabesifazane - kusuka ku-4-5.5 mm.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesicabucabu esikhafulayo.
Izicabucabu ezikhafula zihlala zodwa futhi ziyahlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ukuthintana okuningi kwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele (ngo-Agasti), kepha lezi zigcawu zingakhwelana ngaphandle kwenkathi ethile uma zihlala emakamelweni afudumele. Lezi zicabu zingabazingeli, ngakho-ke abesilisa basondela ngokuqapha, kungenjalo bangaphanjaniswa nokudla.
Zikhipha ama-pheromones, atholakala ezinweleni ezikhethekile ezimboza ama-pedipalps kanye nemilenze yokuqala.
Abesifazane banquma ukuba khona kowesilisa ngezinto ezinephunga.
Lapho ihlangana nowesifazane, owesilisa udlulisela isidoda esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, lapho isidoda sigcinwa khona izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kwamaqanda. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-arachnids, izicabucabu ezikhafula zibekela amaqanda ambalwa (amaqanda angama-20 kuya ku-35 ngofudu ngamunye) kanye nemifece engu-2-3 eyakhiwa ngowesifazane unyaka nonyaka. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu lunakekela inzalo, abesifazane bagqoka umfece onamaqanda ngaphansi kwesisu noma e-chelicerae amasonto ama-2-3, bese kuthi izicabucabu ezibonakala zihlala nabesifazane kuze kube semolini wazo wokuqala. Izinga lokukhula kwezicabucabu ezisencane, ngakho-ke izinga lokuncibilikisa, lihlobene kakhulu nokutholakala kwezilwane. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, izicabucabu ezincane zihlakazeka ziye ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ukuze ziphile impilo yodwa, zifinyelele ekuvuthweni ngemuva kwama-molts ama-5-7.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezithile zesicabucabu, izicabucabu ezikhafula zinobude obude bokuphila emvelweni, azife ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhwelana. Abesilisa baphila iminyaka eyi-1.5-2, nabesifazane iminyaka engu-2-4. Izicabucabu ezikhafula zikhwelana kaningi bese zibulawa yindlala noma ukuzidla, imvamisa abesilisa, lapho zihamba zifuna insikazi.
Izici zokuziphatha kwesicabucabu sokukhafula.
Izicabucabu ezikhafula ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Zizulazula zodwa, zizingela ngenkuthalo inyamazane yazo, kodwa njengoba zinemilenze emide, emincane, zihamba kancane kakhulu.
Umbono wabo awumuhle, ngakho-ke izicabucabu zivame ukuhlola indawo ezungezile, ezimbozwe ngama-bristles wezinzwa.
Ngokuqaphela isisulu esisondelayo, isicabucabu sidonsela ukunaka kwaso, ngokuthepha kancane ngemilenze yaso sangaphambili kuze kube yilapho isisulu siphakathi nendawo phakathi kwaso. Ngemuva kwalokho ukhafula into enamathelayo, enobuthi enyameni, emboza imivimbo engu-5-17, ehlangana. Imfihlo ikhishwa ngejubane elifinyelela kumamitha angama-28 ngomzuzwana, kuyilapho isicabucabu siphakamisa i-chelicerae yaso futhi siyigudluze, simboze isisulu ngezingqimba zezindwangu. Isicabucabu bese sisondela ngokushesha esikhunjeni saso, sisebenzisa imilenze yokuqala neyesibili yemilenze, sibambe isisulu nakakhulu.
Ingcina enoshevu iba nomphumela wokukhubazeka, kuthi nje lapho isoma, isicabucabu silume ngesisulu, sijova ushevu ngaphakathi ukuqeda izitho zangaphakathi.
Ngemuva komsebenzi owenziwe, isicabucabu esikhafula sihlanza kahle izingqimba ezimbili zokuqala zemilenze kusuka ku-glue esele, bese siletha isisulu ku-chelicera ngosizo lwezinyawo zaso. Isicabucabu sibamba isisulu ngezitho zomzimba sesithathu bese sisigoqa kuwebhu. Manje imunca kancane izicubu ezincibilikile.
Lezi zigcawu ezikhafula futhi zisebenzisa “ukukhafula” okunoshevu njengendlela yokuzivikela kwezinye izicabucabu noma ezinye izilwane ezidlayo. Bahamba kancane kakhulu ukuze babaleke futhi bazivikele ngale ndlela.
Ukusakaza ukudla kwesicabucabu.
Izicabucabu zokukhafula ziyizulazuli zasebusuku ezisebenzayo, kepha azakhi amawebhu. Zidla izinambuzane futhi zihlala ezindlini, ikakhulukazi zidla izinambuzane namanye ama-arthropods anjengezinundu, izimpukane, ezinye izicabucabu nezinambuzane zasendlini (izimbungulu).
Lapho zihlala endalweni, zizingela nezinambuzane, zibhubhisa ama-aphid ama-citrus amnyama, ama-mealybugs ezisawolintshi, izintethe nezimvemvane zasePhilippines, zidla omiyane (izinambuzane ezimunca igazi). Izinto eziningi zokudla zinkulu kakhulu kunezicabucabu ezikhafula. Izicabucabu zesifazane nazo ngezikhathi ezithile zingadla amaqanda ezinambuzane.
Indima ye-ecosystem yesicabucabu sokukhafula.
Izicabucabu ezikhafula abathengi futhi zilawula inani lezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane. Futhi kungukudla kwama-centipedes futhi kuzingelwa izigaxa, izinzwane, izinyoni, amalulwane nezinye izidalwa.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwesicabucabu.
Isicabucabu sokukhafula siyinhlobo ejwayelekile. Uhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi uletha ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Abanini bemizi abaningi baqothula lezi zilwembu ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Isicabucabu esikhafulayo sinobuthi, yize i-chelicerae yaso incane kakhulu ukuthi ingabhoboza isikhumba somuntu.
Lezi zinhlobo azivamile kakhulu eYurophu, e-Argentina naseJapane, isimo salo sokongiwa kwemvelo asiqinisekile.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBuHqukXmEs
