Hlobo luni lwezinyoni esingaziboni ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka. Kukhona abahlala eduze kwethu, emadolobheni, njalo - ebusika nasehlobo. Kukhona nezinyoni ezifudukayo ezivela endaweni yethu kuphela ngesikhathi esifudumele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-thrush unelungelo inkambu yenkambu.
Incazelo nokubukeka kwale nyoni
URyabinnik kubhekwa njengenyoni eyingozi - abalimi bazokuqonda ukuthi kungani. Le nyoni evela ku-passerines ingeyomndeni we-thrushes futhi ibizwa ngegama le-shrub enegama elifanayo - i-mountain ash, esebenza njengokudla kwabo okuthandayo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bale nyoni babukeka ngokufana, banesisindo esingama-100-120 amagremu, ubukhulu bawo bungaba ngu-26-28 cm, kanti amaphiko abo angaba ngu-40 cm.
Izimpaphe ezisesihlokweni nangaphandle kwentamo zimpunga-mpunga, umhlane uyi-chestnut, izimpiko nomsila kumnyama, kucishe kube mnyama. Isifuba sikhanya, sinomthunzi wombala onesihlabathi nezimpaphe ezincane ezimnyama. Vuliwe isithombe se-fieldfare kusobala ukuthi ukubuka kwakhe kubukeka sengathi kuhlala kungeneme kancane futhi inyoni ithukuthele, lokhu kungenxa "yomcwecwe" omnyama ozungeze amehlo. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko nomsila kumhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izidleke ze-Fieldfare cishe kulo lonke elase-Eurasia naseSiberia. Azikho izidleke eningizimu yeYurophu, eSpain, cishe yonke iFrance, iNgilandi. Ensimini yezwe lethu, insimu yensimu ingahlala yonke indawo engxenyeni yaseYurophu, noma kutundra. Lapho unyaka othela izithelo uthela amajikijolo asehlathini eYurophu Ephakathi, i-thrush ihlala ebusika lapho.
Eminyakeni evundile, kwenzeka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeRussia, kepha maphakathi nobusika, lapho ukudla kuba yindlala, kusandizela ngaseningizimu. Ubusika obuvame kakhulu eNingizimu naseYurophu Ephakathi, e-Asia Minor.
Ikhetha imiphetho yamahlathi e-coniferous noma ama-deciduous, ihlala edolobheni - ezigcawini nasemapaki, atholakala kaningi ezigodini zensimu. Ngaphambilini, le thrush yayingavamile ukutholakala edolobheni, kodwa manje iya ngokuya ngokuvakashela amahlathi ayo awathandayo e-rowan, akhula ngobuningi eceleni komuntu.
Ngokufika kwekwindla yegolide, ama-thrushes aqala ukundiza ngemihlambi emikhulu, aqala ukuhlala eduze nangasedolobheni. Okokuqala zabonakala emaphethelweni, futhi manje lezi zinyoni zitholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala. Ubuningi bamajikijolo buwasiza ukuba aphile emakhazeni asebusika anzima.
Ehlathini lasendle, lihlala ezindaweni ezihluke ngokuphelele - eduze nokuqothuka, onqenqemeni lwehlathi eliseduze nomhlaba olimekayo nemifula yezikhukhula, ezihlahleni eziphakathi kwamadlelo namadlelo. Kuhle ukuhlela izidleke ehlathini eliphakeme eliseduze kwezimfunda nezindawo ezilimekayo ngoba kulula ukuthola inhlabathi emanzi otshanini obuphansi noma emaxhaphozini anotshani ukwakha isidleke, kanye nokudla.
Indlela yokuphila nemvelo yenkambu yasensimini
I-Blackbird fieldberry kuhola kokubili ukuhlala phansi nokuphila ngokuzulazula. Kuya ngezimo zezulu zokuhlala nokutholakala kokudla ebusika. Labo abashiye izwe lakubo futhi bandizela eningizimu babuya kusenesikhathi, kakade maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ezindaweni zobusika futhi lapho ebuyela ekhaya, imihlambi yezinkundla zasendle cishe izinyoni ezingama-80-100. Ukufika, isikhathi esithile izinyoni zihlala emaphethelweni, emaphethelweni, emathafeni ezikhukhula zemifula, lapho iqhwa selivele selincibilikile, nokudla sekuvele. Lapho iqhwa licibilika ngokuphelele, umhlambi ubheka indawo yokwakha isidleke. Leli koloni lithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukwakheka.
Ingqikithi yayo yakhiwe yizinyoni ezindala - abasunguli, abanolwazi lokwakha izidleke. Lo "mgogodla" uhlala ezindaweni ezihamba phambili zezidleke, futhi ngokuvamile unquma indawo yokwakha yonke ikoloni, ngokususelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwansuku zonke, izinyoni ezindala zinquma amandla endawo yokudla, kube lula uma kuvikelwa.
Amakoloni ngokuvamile anezimbhangqwana zezinyoni eziyi-12-25. I-thrush yasensimini yehlukile ezinyoni eziningi ngoba, yize incane, inesibindi kakhulu, iyazethemba futhi ihlala isesimweni sokulwa maqondana nezitha zayo.
Izinyoni ezinkulu - amagwababa echobana, onogwaja, abachitha kalula izidleke zama-warblers, ama-finches nezinye izinyoni ezincane, ngeke banamathele ekoloni yasensimini. Ngisho nowesilisa oyedwa uzovikela ikhaya lakhe. Futhi lapho izinyoni zihlangana, zihlasela umhlaseli ngendlela eyintandokazi nephumelela kakhulu - zigcwalisa isitha ngophuphu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyingozi kakhulu ekuhlaseleni izinyoni, njengoba izimpaphe ezihlanganisiwe zikwenza kungakwazi ukundiza. Noma yimuphi umhlaseli womhlaba, ngisho nabantu, bazohlangatshezwa ngendlela efanayo. Kepha, ngaphandle kokulwa okunjalo maqondana nezinyoni ezinkulu nezilwane, i-fieldfare ayikhathazi izinyoni ezincane ezihlala endaweni.
Ama-birdies amaningi ahlala ngamabomu eduze, azi ukuthi kule koloni izinyoni zasendle abesabi ukuhlaselwa amagwababa echobana, izingwejeje noma amakati. Kepha, namanje, inkambu yensimu nayo ihlushwa yizilwane ezidlayo. Babanjwa ngoKlebe, ama-jays, o-woodpeckers, izikhova zizama ukucekela phansi izidleke. Izimvula ezihlala isikhathi eside zasehlobo nezulu elibandayo nakho kuyingozi ezidlekeni.
Kepha ikoloni elizimele lendawo yensimu minyaka yonke lifuna izindawo ezihamba phambili zezidleke zalo. Le nyoni ayinamandla amahle ezwi - iculo lenyoni yasensimini yi-chak-chak ejwayelekile. Kepha kukhona nama-alamu aqhephukayo. Impempe ezacile futhi ende kusho ukuthi "uklebe".
Lalela izwi lenkambu yensimu
Ukudla okunomsoco we-Fieldfare
Njengoba igama lenyoni licacisa, lolu hlobo lwe-thrush ludla kakhulu i-rowan. Kepha lokhu kuyingxenye yesizini kuphela, isikhathi esisele ama-thrushes afuna izimpethu emhlabeni nakudoti. Amachwane nawo ondliwa ngezibungu kanye nezimbaza.
Izinyoni ngobuhlakani zijika amaqabunga nenhlabathi engaphezulu ukuze zithole ukudla. Ngeshwa, zivame ukuba yizisulu sezibungu ezifakwayo ze-nematode ezihlala emsakazweni ofanayo womhlaba futhi ezihlasela izinyoni ezindala namachwane azo. Izinyoni ezithelelekile zifa ngenxa yenqwaba yezikelemu ezisemzimbeni.
Uma bekungekho nhlabathi emanzi enesibungu esikhulu esiseduze nezindawo zokwakha izidleke, khona-ke insimu iqoqa amacimbi, izibungu, amabhungane, izimpukane zamahhashi, ama-slugs. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, uma amaphuphu engakaveli, khona-ke abazali baqala ukubondla amajikijolo - ama-blueberries, i-bird cherry, ama-strawberry, i-irga. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi inkambu yensimu yizinyo elikhulu elimnandi.
Uma kukhona isihlahla esinamajikijolo atshaliwe eduze komlotha wentaba ojwayelekile, izinyoni ngokuyinhloko zizodla izithelo ezimnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zikhumbula izihlahla ezinjalo "ezibucayi", futhi ngonyaka ozayo zizophindela lapho futhi, zilethe ikoloni lazo. Kungakho umlotha wensimu uthathwa njengesinambuzane, ngoba uma inyoni ibheke umuthi wakho, ngeke usazithokozela izithelo zawo. Isiphetho esifanayo silindele amagilebhisi anezithelo ezincane.
Esithombeni, isidleke se-fieldfare namachwane
Baphinde badle ama-currants, ama-cherries, ama-gooseberries, ama-cranberries, i-viburnum nezinye izithelo zezithelo namajikijolo. Ekwindla, izinyoni azikhethi amajikijolo kuphela emagatsheni, kodwa futhi zehlela phansi ukuthola izithelo eziwile. Inkambu yasebusika ngenhloso yokufuna amajikijolo e-rowan ukuthola ukudla, imvamisa kungenzeka ukubona ukuthi bona, kanye ne-waxwings, bathwala kanjani isihlahla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abahamba ngezinyawo bazala imvuthu eyodwa noma emibili. Njengoba izinyoni zifika kusenesikhathi, kakade ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, khona-ke ngenyanga konke sekulungele ukuqeda amatshwele. Umama esizayo benza ekwakhiweni. Isidleke sakhe siyisitsha sotshani obomile obuhlanganiswe ndawonye nomhlaba. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kungu-10-15 cm, ububanzi bungu-15-20 cm.Kukhona ithileyi elincane ngaphakathi kwesudi.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi izalela amaqanda ama-3-7 aluhlaza ambozwe amachashazi abomvu. Engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, amatshwele avela, athi ngokushesha azimele futhi ekupheleni kwenyanga adedele "isibhedlela sokubeletha" se-clutch yesibili. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, inyoni enempilo iphila iminyaka eyi-11-15.
