Isengozini ngenkathi kuculwa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana landrail ucula ngendlela ephefumulelwe kangangokuba umhlaba omzungezile awuzwa. Lokhu kwenza inyoni ihlobene ne-grouse yezinkuni. Lesi sakamuva sathola igama laso ngenxa yokuba yisithulu ngesikhathi samanje.
Ukuculwa kwe-corncrake, njenge-grouse yezinkuni, akuhehi abesifazane kuphela, kodwa futhi nabazingeli. Zisebenzisa ubumpumputhe besikhashana bezinyoni, zizisondeza kubo buqamama nokudubula. Ama-ornithologists asondela kuphela ukutadisha i-corncrake.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-corncrake
Crake - inyoni iqembu lomndeni ofana ne-crane, njengomalusi. AmaGreki asendulo abeka lezi zinhlobo njengezigwaca. Kodwa-ke, zingezenkukhu. Umndeni wesagwaca ubizwa ngokuthi yipartridge. Izihlobo ze-corncrake yi-sultanka, i-coot, i-Shepesses ye-uek namanzi, i-moorhen ejwayelekile.
Izici ze-corncrake yilezi:
- isisindo ngaphakathi kuka-100-200 amagremu
- ubude bomzimba kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-25
- cishe amaphiko angama-46 cm
- aminyene, makhulu, acindezelwe kancane emzimbeni
- intamo ende neqondile
- ikhanda eliyindilinga, elincane
- umsila omfushane onomugqa wezimpaphe oqondile ekugcineni
- izimpiko eziyindilinga zobude obumaphakathi
- omfishane omfishane, okhombe futhi ogobile kancane
- izimpaphe eziminyene, eziphuzi ngoku nsundu namachashazi amnyama entanyeni nasemhlane wenyoni
- enamandla, imilenze emifushane yama-cranes enezinzipho ezinde nezicijile
- Izwi eli-raspy, lapho i-corncrake ibizwa nangokuthi i-squeaky
- i-goiter empunga emadodeni futhi ibomvana kwabesifazane
Owesifazane kwesobunxele nakowesilisa
Ngaphezu kombala we-goiter, abesilisa nabesifazane be-corncrake abahlukaniswa ngombala. Usayizi wabamele ubulili obuhlukile ubuye futhi buyefana.
Izinhlobo ze-corncrake
Incazelo kukakhokho ungafani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ama-nuances ancike ohlotsheni lwenyoni. Yebo wabo:
- Crake ezivamile. Elikhulu kunawo wonke. Umuntu ngamunye ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Amaphiko angaba ngamasentimitha angama-54. Isibalo salezi zinhlobo singaphezu kosongo lokuqothulwa, kodwa singaphansi kwesibalo sikakhokho wase-Afrika.
- Ingulube yase-Afrika. Incane kunokujwayelekile, inesisindo esingeqile kumagremu ayi-140, futhi ayidluli ngamasentimitha angama-23 ubude. Le nyoni iningi, ayifakiwe kwiRed Book.
Ingulube yase-Afrika
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zikakhokho zimila phakathi kwezinyoni ezelusayo ngokunamathisela kwazo okuncane emaxhaphozini. Amaqhawe e-athikili anelisekile ngokwengeziwe ngamadlelo avulekile.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Crake
Indlela yokuphila ye-corncrake incike kohlobo lwayo. Izinyoni ezivamile zithanda izindawo ezomile ezinotshani obude. Ama-corncrakes ase-Afrika akhetha izimila eziphansi nezindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele lezi zinhlobo abafihli kangako kunezinyoni ezejwayelekile. Ezinye izici zempilo yezinhlobo ziyefana:
- wonke ama-corncrake andiza ngokungathandi nangokungajabuli, ngaphandle kokugoqa imilenze yawo indiza, evele ilenga emoyeni
- izinyoni zezinhlobo ziyakwazi ukumboza amabanga amade ngezinyawo, okuchaza ukukhula, imisipha yemilenze yezinyoni
- izinyoni ze-corncrake kuyasebenza ebusuku, kuphumula emini
- Abamele izinhlobo bayacula, baphakamise ikhanda labo ngaphezu kotshani futhi bavame ukuguqula izintamo zabo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola indawo yezilwane ngezwi lazo
- kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-300 zilandelana sound, iwona memeza "crack-crack-crack", okufana "nomculo" okhiqizwa ngokubamba induku yokhuni emazinyweni ekamu
- Abamele lezi zinhlobo bazwakala kakhulu, ukukhala kwezinyoni kuzwakala kusuka ekhilomitha
- ngenxa yokwesaba, uqhekeko lwe-corncrack luqhekeka njengezimpisi
- egijima masinyane otshanini, i-corncrake iyakwazi ukushintsha ngokuzuma ngaphandle kokunciphisa ijubane lokuhamba
- wonke ama-corncrake ayathutha, kuyilapho okuvamile kuthutheleka eYurophu nase-Afrika ebusika, kanti ama-Afrika adabula izwe, abalekela isomiso
- ama-corncrake ayagijima, agobise izintamo zawo phansi, okubavumela ukuba baduke otshanini, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile izinyoni kufanele ziphakamise amakhanda azo ukuze zihlole umzila
Crake ezivamile
Ihlukaniswa yi-corncrake nendlela yokuphila yodwa. Ngisho nasezindizeni ezinde, izinyoni zihamba zingaphelezelwa muntu. Umzila ubalwa ukuze izitobhu ezivamile zenzeke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-corncrakes endiza kabi asengozini yokungafiki lapho eya khona.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinyoni
Yize i-corncrake ingaboshelwe emaxhaphozini, izinyoni zikhetha izimfunda ezimanzi, ezivundile. Eziningi zalezi zihlwanyelwe, ezingazikhathazi izinyoni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, eduze kwamazwe atshaliwe, i-corncrake nayo isondela eduze kwesisekelo sokudla.
ERussia corncrake:
- Bavame ukungena ku-taiga. Izinyoni zikhetha umzila wayo ophakathi nendawo. Ukuthwebula ummbila esithombeni unga, isibonelo, eduze naseKrasnoyarsk. Lapha, abamele umndeni womalusi batholakala esifundeni saseKansk, emathafeni ezikhukhula zemifula iMana neChulym, ezindaweni eziphansi zeKizir.
- Khuphuka izintaba. Kukhona nezimfunda ezimanzi. Ubukeka kanjani ummbila kungabonakala ezintabeni zaseSayan. Kunamadlelo amaningi wohlobo lwe-alpine.
- Ihlala emaxhaphozini aseningizimu yebhande le-taiga. Kukhona ezinye, isibonelo, ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Angara.
- Kwesinye isikhathi ukhetha ukususwa kanye namathafa ahlambalazayo okufaka izidleke, njengalezo ezitholakala eBuryatia.
Uma indawo yokuhlala i-corncrake ilinganiselwe ezinkomba zomhlaba, izinyoni zitholakala kuma-degree angama-620 latitude latitude.
Umsoco we-Corncrake
Ukudla kwe-corncrake kuqukethe ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Lesi sakamuva sihlanganisa amahlumela amancane, imbewu nezinhlamvu eziwela ngaphandle kwezindlebe emasimini. Ngokudla kwezilwane, izinyoni ziyakhetha:
- izinambuzane
- iminenke nama-slugs
- izikelemu zomhlaba
- amasentimitha
- izinambuzane
Uhlu luwuphendula ngokungaqondile umbuzo, i-corncrake isifuduki noma cha... Izinhlobo ezinezimpaphe azikulungele ukudela ukudla kwezilwane. I-corncrake enkulu yezisulu "ayinzima". Ngeke uthole izinambuzane nezibungu ebusika. Ngakho-ke kufanele undize uye ezifundeni ezicebile ngokudla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-corncrakes afika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngoMeyi. Cishe amasonto amabili, izinyoni zihlala phansi, ngemuva kwalokho ziqala ukuzala. Imibhangqwana iyindoda eyodwa, okungukuthi, abalingani bathembekile komunye nomunye. Amacala esithembu, lapho owesilisa ngasikhathi sinye eqala ubudlelwano nabesifazane abaningana, ahlukile phakathi koqhekeko lommbila.
Iphuphu le-corncrake
Ukunqoba abesifazane, abesilisa:
- yenza isililo esinamaqoqo amabili njengokukhala kwamaxoxo
- ukudansa, kukhombisa ukumakwa okusawolintshi ezimpikweni
- nikeza abesifazane izipho, isibonelo, izindwani zotshani namatshe amatshe
Isidleke sikaCrake hlomisa otshanini obukhulu, umba umgodi emhlabathini. Owesifazane uhlanganyela kulokhu. Ubeka isidleke nge-moss, iziqu zotshani nama-sedges. Inyoni izalela amaqanda ayi-7-12 kulo matilasi. Imvamisa i-corncrake yenza i-clutch eyodwa ngonyaka, kepha kukhona futhi emibili.
Crake isidleke namaqanda
Amaqanda achamisela amasonto amathathu. Amachwane azalwa anombala onsundu ngokumpunga, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu asuke esekulungele impilo ezimele. Ukuthembeka, umama unakekela inzalo inyanga yonke. Ngonyaka izinyoni zivuthwa ngokocansi, kuthi lapho zineminyaka engu-7 zivame ukufa.
