Inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, iyamangala ngomusa wayo nangejubane lokuhamba. Inyoka enebhande eliphuzi hhayi enobuthi, kepha umuntu ngeke athi ukuhlangana naye kuzophepha.
Intshisekelo yesirhubuluzi besilokhu ikhethekile - inyoka enkulu ishaya umcabango futhi ivuse ilukuluku. Mayelana nesisu esiphuzi tshela izindaba eziningi namahemuhemu. Abaphenyi baseRussia bebelokhu befunda ngenyoka ezacile; imininingwane ethembekile nokubona kuyabonakala emisebenzini yososayensi.
Incazelo nezici
Isirhubuluzi sibizwa nge-yellow-bellied noma inyoka enebhande eliphuzi ngombala ogqamile womzimba ongezansi, kwesinye isikhathi owolintshi. Elinye igama lalo yiCaspian. Kwezinye izinhlobo namazinyane amancane, ingxenye yesisu iba mpunga namabala aphuzi.
Ingxenye ephezulu yenyoka, uma ibukwa buqamama, i-monochromatic kakhulu: umnqumo, mpunga-phuzi, isitini, ubomvu-mnyama. Ama-shades amaningi ahlotshaniswa nendawo ehlala inyoka.
Umbala wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ukufihla okungokwemvelo okunikeza inzuzo lapho uzingela. Ngakho-ke, abamele ngisho nohlobo olulodwa bahlukile ngombala ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuya kumathoni amnyama.
Isikali ngasinye emzimbeni wenyoka sinephethini encane. Isikhungo sokukhanya ngaphakathi sizungezwe irimu emnyama, ngakho-ke iphethini iyonke ibonakala iyimeshini enhle, ngezinsuku ezicacile ibonakala ikhombisa imisebe yelanga. Izikali ziyashelela, azinazimbambo.
Abantu abasha bangahlukaniswa ngamabala ngemuva, atholakala asondele kakhulu kangangokuba ahlangana abe yimivimbo eguqukayo. Futhi zigijima ezinhlangothini zomzimba.
Inyoka ivame ukutholakala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu, kepha i-yellow-belied ayifuni ukuhlangana nabo
Isirhubuluzi esikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu sifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-2,5 ubude. Usayizi ojwayelekile wenyoka enamabhande aphuzi ingamamitha ayi-1.5 - 2, umsila uthatha ingxenye yesithathu yobude obuphelele. Umzimba awudluli ububanzi obungu-5 cm Endaweni yeziqhingi zase-Aegean, izinyoka ezinamabhande aphuzi zifushane - zifinyelela kumitha elilodwa.
Inyoka ilawula ngokuphelele umzimba, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo nomusa kuyimvelo ekuhambeni kwayo. Ubude besifazane bungaphansi kobobesilisa.
Ikhanda lesilwane esihuquzelayo linobukhulu obumaphakathi, limbozwe izigaxa, lihlukaniswe kancane ukwakheka komzimba. Ithiphu lesifonyo liyisiyingi. Cishe emikhulu, iphume kancane, amehlo anomfundi oyindilinga, amabala aphuzi. Umlomo ugcwele imigqa yamazinyo abukhali agobile emuva.
I-yellowbelly - inyoka emndenini womzimba omncane. Eduze kwezihlobo ezincane, uyisidlakela nje. Emazweni e-CIS, kubhekwa njengesinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Njengabanye abameleli asebevele bemile, inyoka ayinabo ubuthi.
Ilungiselela ukuhlasela, ama-zigzags aphuzi
Ngaphakathi kobubanzi, i-yellow-bellied ngokubukeka kwesinye isikhathi ididaniswa nenyoka yaseBalkan noma inyoka yesibankwa. Inyoka yaseBalkan imfishane kakhulu, imbozwe ngamabala amnyama ngemuva nasesiswini. Inyoka yesibankwa inesimo sekhanda eliluhlaza.
Izinhlobo
Inyoka enamabala aphuzi (iCaspian) ingummeleli wezinhlobo zohlobo lweDolichophis (lat.), I.e. inyoka evela emndenini osuvele umile. Ngaphezu kwakhe, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ngaphezulu kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlobene:
- IDolichophis jugularis;
- IDolichophis schmidti - inyoka enebhande elibomvu;
- I-Dolichophis cypriensis - inyoka yaseCypriot.
UDolichophis jugularis uhlala eziqhingini zase-Aegean, eSyria, eLebanon, e-Iraq, kwa-Israyeli, e-Kuwait. Izinhlobo zitholakala e-Albania, eMacedonia, eBulgaria, eRomania. Inyoka ithanda izindawo ezivulekile phakathi kwamagquma namasimu.
Kuvame kakhulu emhlabathini, yize kuhamba kahle phakathi kwezihlahla. Umsebenzi ophakeme uzibonakalisa emini. Izinhlobonhlobo ungazibona ngonsundu waso ojiyile, cishe omnyama, umbala kanye nolayini obuthakathaka ngemuva. Ubude benyoka yabantu abadala bufinyelela kumamitha ama-2-2.5.
IDolichophis schmidti yinyoka enebhande elibomvu, esanda kuqashelwa njengohlobo oluhlukile, phambilini ibithathwa njengezinhlobo ezincane zesihlobo seCaspian. Umehluko omkhulu kumbala wesisu esibomvu hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi nangemuva kwalo mthunzi, amehlo.
Ihlala kakhulu eTurkey, e-Armenia, eTurkmenistan, eCaucasus, eNyakatho ne-Iran, e-Azerbaijan, eGeorgia, eDagestan. Inyoka itholakala osebeni lwemifula ngamahlathi aminyene, ezingadini zezithelo, emithambekeni yezintaba efinyelela ku-1500 m ukuphakama.
Ifihla emigodini yamagundane uma izwa ingozi, kepha ingahlasela ngokujikijela ngasitha, ukulunywa okubuhlungu.
I-Dolichophis cypriensis - Inyoka yaseCypriot ihlukaniswa ngomnqumo wayo, umbala onsundu onsundu ngamachashazi amhlophe ngemuva. Umsila uhlala ufana, ngaphandle kokumakwa. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha angu-1-1.15.
Inyoka ihlala endaweni enezintaba, ihamba kahle ezindongeni eziphakeme. Igama lenyoka likhombisa indawo elihlala kuyo.
Ngamunye isisu esiphuzi esithombeni ibonakala ngombala. Inezici eziningi ezifanayo nezihlobo eziseduze nezikude: umbono omuhle kakhulu, isivinini sokuhamba, ukusabela okusheshayo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi inyoka enebhande eliphuzi ibizwa ngokuthi yiCaspian yokusabalalisa isilwane esinwabuzelayo cishe kuyo yonke indawo yeCaspian basin, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele. ICrimea, iMoldova, i-Ukraine eseningizimu, iHungary, iRomania, iziqhingi zaseKythnos, Karpathos, Ciscaucasia, Stavropol Territory yaseRussia - yonke indawo lapho inyoka ihlala khona ezindaweni ezomile nezifudumele.
Indawo yokuhlala izisu eziphuzi - ezingwadule, ezingwadule, emahlathini nasezihlahleni ezingatheni, ezindaweni ezinamathafa. Emithambekeni yezintaba, inyoka itholakala ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-2000 phakathi kwamatshe nasemigodini enamadwala.
Inyoka itholakala emigodini yamagundane, lapho icasha khona engozini uma ixoshwa impungushe noma i-marten. Inyoka icasha ngisho nasemigodini yezihlahla, imvamisa ithwebula amakhaya ezisulu zayo.
Ukhuphuka kahle amagatsha, akesabi ukuphakama, angagxumela phansi esuka esakhiweni noma eweni. Ogwini lwamachibi, inyoka ivela ngenkathi izingela inyamazane, ehlala igcwele emahlathini asogwini.
Izisu eziphuzi zihamba kalula ezihlahleni
Uma isisu esiphuzi sitholakele endlini eshiyiwe noma ngaphansi kwestaki, khona-ke, mhlawumbe, indawo eyimfihlo yakhethelwa ukubeka amaqanda. Ngokuvamile, inyoka ayikhethi ngendawo ehlala kuyo. Izimo eziyinhloko ukufudumala nokutholakala kokudla.
Inyoka ikhumbula kahle izindawo zayo zokukhosela, ihlala ibuyela kubo, noma ihamba ibanga elifanele. Isirhubuluzi asesabi msindo, ngakho-ke sihlala sivela eduze kwabantu, yize singafuni ukuhlangana nabo.
Abazingeli bamahlathi bazingela izinyoka: izinyoni ezinkulu, ama-martens, izimpungushe. Ukufa kudlula isisu esiphuzi, imvamisa ngenxa yobukhulu baso nendlela yokuphila evulekile. Ukungamthandi umuntu ngokuqhubekayo kuye kuveza isifiso sokujeziswa.
Izimoto nazo ziwusongo olukhulu ezihuquzelayo. Umgijimi akakwazi ukumisa imoto ngekhwelo nangokuhlasela isitha.
Umsebenzi womnotho womuntu kancane kancane ulinganisela indawo yezinyoka. Inani liyancipha, yize isisu esiphuzi singasongelwa okwamanje.
Isisu esiphuzi siyasebenza emini. Ebusuku, ukusabela kwabo kuyancipha. Izinyoka ziyaziwa ngokuba nolaka, njengoba kufakazelwa ngofakazi bokuzibonela abaningi. Uma umuntu ebonakala eyingozi kumgijimi, isisu esiphuzi sigijimela ekuhlaseleni kuqala.
Ivula umlomo, itshiyoze kakhulu, ifaka umsila wayo, bese ishesha ishesha isitha bese izama ukuluma endaweni esengozini kakhulu. Ukuhlasela kungaphindwa kaningana, kudlule isitha. Yize inyoka ingenabo ubuthi, izilonda zokulunywa zingaba zimbi kakhulu.
Lapho ihlasela inyamazane, i-bellied ephuzi igwinya inyamazane encane iphelele noma iyikhama izombeka
Uhlamvu olunonya lubonakaliswa hhayi kuphela kubantu abadala, kodwa nasezilwaneni ezincane. Kumele kuqashelwe kodwa ukuthi akekho noyedwa umuntu owafa ngokuhlaselwa kwalo mgijimi.
Amabhande aphuzi awazesabi izitha, eziphakeme ngosayizi namandla, kuyaqabukela ukuhlehla. Isimo esivuthayo sikhuluma ngokuzimisela nokulwa nenyoka. Phakathi kwezilwane, ngisho namahhashi amakhulu ayesaba ukuhlangana nenyoka - isisu esiphuzi sishaya umsila waso emilenzeni yesilwane esinezinselo, sidala ukulimala.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ulaka luvame ukubangelwa ukuvikelwa kwesirhubuluzi kubaphikisi abangene endaweni yaso. Umhlangano ojwayelekile wendoda enenyoka emzileni uphela ngokuhlehla okunokuthula kwesisu esiphuzi, kugweme abantu.
Inyoka, njengezinyoka eziningi, ivame ukugcinwa ekuthunjweni. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziqala kabi. Kancane kancane bayayijwayela, balahlekelwe ubudlova babo bangaphinde babe yingozi.
Izinyoka ezinamabhande aphuzi zilungiselelwe ubusika ngokucophelela. Izindawo zokukhosela zakhiwa ezindaweni zomhlaba, emigodini yamagundane. Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningana zingaba sendaweni eyodwa.
Izinhlobo zezinyoka ezinamabhande aphuzi azivamile, yize eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule inani lezinyoka lalilikhulu kakhulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inyoka ingumzingeli omuhle kakhulu, onamandla okuphendula ngokushesha, ijubane lokuhamba, ukubona okubukhali. Ukuphishekela ngamandla inyamazane ayishiyi ithuba ngisho nasezibankweni ezinamahloni, amagundane anobuthi, isisu esiphuzi esingasithola kunoma yimuphi umgodi.
Ubukhulu obukhulu benyoka benza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi kungondli nje kuphela ngezinto ezincane, kepha futhi nokudla izidleke ezindala, ama-hamsters, izinyoni ezihamba phansi, nezinye izinyoka. Esikhathini esiningi, isisekelo sokudla sifaka izinambuzane ezinkulu ezinjengezinkumbi, amaqanda avela ezidlekeni zezinyoni ezonakele, amagundane asehlathini, amaxoxo, nezibhobo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, inyoka enebhande eliphuzi ikhuphuka ezihlahleni ezinde, inyonyobhe ngobunyoninco phakathi kwamagatsha, futhi ingagxumela phansi iyofuna inyamazane. Ukulunywa izinyoka ezinesihlungu njengenyoka, inyoka engayideleli, akulimazi kangako kuyo.
Ekufuneni ukudla, uYellowbelly usebenzisa amaqhinga anobuqili okulinda ekuqamekeleni. Lokhu kuhlasela akuzibonakalisi ngokulunywa yizinyoka, kepha ngokukhama isisulu esikhulu ngamasongo omzimba size singasebenzi ngokuphelele.
Isisu esiphuzi simane sigwinye isisulu esincane ngokuphelele. Akunzima ngomgijimi ukuthola isisulu esibalekile. Ijubane eliphezulu le-yellowbelly ekuphishekeleni lishiya ithuba kunoma ngubani.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, impilo yenyoka enebhande eliphuzi ihlala iminyaka engu-6-8. Akuzona zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezifinyelela kule minyaka - impilo yenyoka igcwele izingozi nokuhlangana okungalindelekile nezitha, okuyinhloko yazo okungumuntu.
Inyoka ayiwesabi umsindo, kepha incamela ukwakha isidleke ezindaweni ezithule ezingenabantu
Abaphikisi bemvelo emvelweni yizinyoni ezidla inyama, impungushe nemarten. Inyoka enamabhantshi aphuzi iyintandokazi kubo. Ekuthunjweni, impilo yinde, ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10, ngoba asikho isizathu sokwesaba izitha, ukunakekelwa okufanele nokudla nakho kunikeza imiphumela emihle.
Eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala, ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwezihuquzelayo zaseCarpathia kufika, isikhathi sifika sokufuna umbhangqwana ofanele. Ukushada kwabantu ngabanye kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izinyoka zingabonakala ndawonye.
Ukuqapha kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngalesi sikhathi kunciphile, bavame ukuba yizisulu. Kulabo abasindile, kunesikhathi esanele sokulinda izingane zikhule ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufika kwesimo sezulu sokuqala esibandayo.
Abesifazane babeka isilinganiso samaqanda ayi-5-16 ngoJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Inzalo yabantu abangu-18 nayo ayijwayelekile. Amaqanda afihliwe emigodini noma emigodini yenhlabathi, afihlwe phakathi kwamatshe, kepha awagadwa yizinyoka.
Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-60. Izinyoka ezincane ezinamabhande aphuzi zikhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela futhi ziphila impilo ezimele. Abazali abakhombisi ukukhathalela izingane zabo. Ngokwemvelo, inani lesisu esisebenzayo esiphuzi lilondolozwa ngokwemvelo.
