Ihlobene nezakhi zofuzo namahlosi, kodwa isikhathi eside izazi zezilwane zayibeka njenge-panther. Imayelana nengwe yeqhwa. Igama lakhe eliphakathi ngu-irbis. Ezintabeni ezibandayo, nguyena kuphela omele isibaya. Uma ibheka abanye ngomqondo ongokoqobo isuka phezulu, ingwe iwuphawu lwamandla nobukhosi.
Incazelo nezici zengwe yeqhwa
Ngaphandle Ingwe yeqhwa - ingwe eyisikwele enoboya obude, obumhlophe. Ungamasentimitha ayisithupha ubude, okuyirekhodi phakathi kwama-felines. Umsila wengwe yeqhwa mude ikakhulukazi. Ezinye izici zekati zifaka:
- ikhono lokuhlanza nokuntuleka kwekhono lokugquma njengamanye amakati amakhulu
- ubude bomzimba kusuka kumasentimitha angama-200 kuye kwangu-230, kucatshangelwa umsila wemitha
- isisindo kusuka kuma-25 kuya kuma-75 kilograms, lapho umkhawulo ophezulu ungowabesilisa, kanye nezinkomba ezisezingeni eliphansi kwabesifazane
- Ukuphakama okungama-60 cm kuyabuna
- izindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga ngaphandle kwamabhulashi ekugcineni
- ukumakwa okukhulu kokumpunga nokumnyama okunobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-7 ohlobo lwendandatho emzimbeni
- amabala amnyama aqinile ebusweni nasezidladleni
- ama-paw pads wokugcina ikati lakho lingabandi eqhweni elisentabeni
- amehlo aphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani nomfundi omnyama oyindilinga
- inhlanganisela ye-virissae emnyama ebusweni nomhlophe
- Amazinyo angama-30
Izazi zezilwane zibiza ingwe yeqhwa ngekati elijwayelekile, ngoba uhhafu wemikhuba yomzingeli uthathwe emincane, kanti enye ingxenye ivela ebhaleni elikhulu. Lezi zamuva zibonakala ngephethini ekhanda, umfundi oyindilinga, evumela ukuthi idivaysi ye-larynx ikhule.
Ingwe incishwa okwakamuva, futhi isesimweni sokuma kwebhaleen encane enomfundi oqonde mpo.
Ebizwa ngokuthi indawo ephakathi nendawo, ubukhulu bengwe yeqhwa bufana nekati elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingwe engasenamazinyo enamazinyo ayisasebenzi nayo yahlukaniswa nosayizi wayo. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, bekungeyamakati amancane.
Imilenze ebanzi yengwe yeqhwa ihlinzeka ngokuhamba kahle lapho uhamba ngezinyawo ezintabeni
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Igama lesibili lezinhlobo livela ku-"irbiz" yesiTurkic. Ukuhumusha - "snow cat". Igama eliyinhloko liqukethe nesiphawulo esithi “snowy”. Isici sikhombisa indawo yokuhlala yengwe yeqhwa. Ukhetha:
- Izintaba, ezikhuphuka ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2-6.
- Amahlathi e-Coniferous ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo kanye nasezihlahleni zezihlahla, ngokwesibonelo, i-rhododendron ngaphansi "kophahla lomhlaba".
- Kwesinye isikhathi ingwe yeqhwa iyaphila emathafeni awugwadule ezinkangala.
Izindawo ezifanele ingwe yeqhwa zitholakala e-Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Tibet, Kyrgyzstan, India. Iyatholakala ingwe yesilwane seqhwa nase-Afghanistan, ePakistan. ERussia, lesi silwane sitholakala ezintabeni zaseKrasnoyarsk nase-Altai Territories, eTuva.
Izici zokuphila kwengwe yeqhwa yilezi:
- Indawo. Kunamakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana owesilisa ngamunye. Impahla yinde ukwedlula ububanzi. Iduna livumela abesifazane abayi-3-4 ukuthi bangene endaweni yakhe, kepha lihlangana nabo kuphela ngokukhwelana.
- Intshontsho. Phakathi kwamakati, i-irbis iyesabeka kakhulu, inembile, njenge-lynx ezwa futhi iphunga umuntu amashumi amakhilomitha.
- Ukuhamba ngomzila. Ingwe inohlelo oluqinisekisiwe lokudlula impahla. Isilo asishintshi umzila waso. Lokhu kusetshenziswa abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, ukuthola izindlela zomzingeli.
- Indlela yokuphila yasebusuku. Emini, ingwe iphumula emgodini, noma phakathi kwamagatsha. Ikati lihlomisa "indlu" emifantwini enamadwala. Ingwe ihamba kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-3-5.
Ihamba ezintabeni, ingwe yeqhwa iphoqeleka ukuba igxume phakathi kwamatshe amakhulu, yeqe imifantu. "Ekundizeni" isilo siqondisa umsila waso ocijile.
Umsila wengwe usiza ukugcina ukulinganisela
Izinhlobo zezingwe zeqhwa
Umbiko wango-2017 weqembu lomhlaba wonke labaphenyi ukhuluma ngama-subspecies ama-3 engwe yeqhwa. Zikhonjwe ngofuzo lwezilwane. Indle yamakati yahlaziywa. I-Biomaterial yaqoqwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. E-China, isibonelo, indle yengwe yeqhwa yaqoqwa ezifundazweni ezingama-21.
I-biomaterial ivumele ososayensi ukuthi baqhube:
- i-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) okuhloswe ngayo ukuphinda izingcezu ezimfushane ze-monomeric (okokuqala besibheka okungu-7, bese sandisa ubukhulu bube ama-microsatellites angama-33)
- ukulandelana kwezingcezu ze-DNA ye-mitochondrial
Ukuhlaziywa kwesibili kuvele kwaba nolwazi oluncane. I-PCR, nokho, yahlukanisa izingwe zaba ngamaqembu angaphansi komhlaba. Ahluke nje kuphela ngezakhi zofuzo, kodwa futhi nangokwakheka kwawo nombala. Kuchaziwe:
- Ama-subspecies aphakathi nendawo. Usayizi omaphakathi ngamaki amalahle.
- Ingwe yaseqhwa eseNingizimu. Izindawo ezinkulu futhi ezimnyama kakhulu.
- Ingwe yasenyakatho yeqhwa. Mncane kunabanye. Izimpawu emzimbeni wesilwane zimpunga.
Ngokwemvelo, amakati angahluka, isibonelo, ikhanda. I-Snow Leopard yaseRussia, isibonelo, kwenzeka ngokucocekile noma, kunalokho, ugebhezi olukhulu. Lesi sakamuva sijwayelekile ezingwe zeqhwa zase-Altai Territory.
Ukudla kwengwe yesithwathwa
Ingwe yesithwathwa esithombeni imvamisa iveza ngempango engangekati noma enkulu. Lokhu kuyinto eyingqayizivele yengwe yeqhwa - ikhetha abaphikisi abakhulu. Imenyu yezilwane ezidla ezinye ihlanganisa:
- i-argali, izingulube zasendle, izinyamazane, izinyamazane zezimbuzi, izimbuzi zasentabeni nezinye izidleke
- imfuyo ezimeni zendlala, lapho izingwe ziphoqeleka ukuphuma ziye ezindaweni zokuhlala
- hares, amagundane nezinyoni njengokudla okulula
Ukuthola isisulu irbis (ingwe yeqhwa) wenza ukugxuma okungamamitha ayi-6 ubude. Lokhu ukujaha uma kunesidingo. Isitha esiqamekele siyazingela. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ukwenqaba okubukhali kwesisulu kwanele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Mayelana nengwe yeqhwa kuncane "okuzwakalayo", kodwa ekupheleni kobusika izilwane ziba namandla ngokwengeziwe. Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala. Abesifazane balungisa izidleke zokuzalwa. Zithwala inzalo esiswini izinsuku eziyi-110. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamazinyane angu-2-5. Kunjalo:
- 30 cm ubude
- isisindo esingaba yingxenye yekhilogremu
- impumputhe
- angisizi ngalutho kuze kube yinyanga eyodwa ubudala
Lapho amazinyane enenyanga eyodwa nohhafu ubudala, umama uqala ukondla inzalo yakhe ngenyama. Ngokufana, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziyaqhubeka nokuphuza ubisi lwebele, zilunyulwa kulo izinyanga ezineminyaka eyisithupha.
Ubaba akahlanganyeli ekukhuliseni inzalo. Amakhono empilo adluliselwa kumakati amancane ngumama, ahlala nenzalo cishe iminyaka emibili. Ngokunjalo, izingwe zesifazane zinamazinyane kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezingama-24.
Izinyane leqhwa leqhwa
Iqhwa Leopard Guard
Ingwe yeqhwa eNcwadini Ebomvu... Izinhlobo zifakiwe kumagazini wamazwe omhlaba. Ayikho indawo emhlabeni lapho inani lengwe yeqhwa landa khona.
Ukuzingelwa kwezingwe zeqhwa akuvunyelwe yonke indawo, njengoba sekube yisizathu esikhulu senani elincane lamakati. Badutshulwe ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu. Wayengumkhuba emhlabeni wemfashini wekhulu le-19 nele-20. Ekhulwini lama-21, izikhumba zezingwe zeqhwa zihanjiswa emakethe ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Umkhiqizo wabo utholakala ezimakethe:
- EMongolia.
- I-China.
- Thailand.
Ngaphezu kwabazingeli abazingeli ngokungemthetho, inani lezingwe "libukelwa phansi":
- ukuncishiswa kokuphakelwa kokudla, okungukuthi, inani lama-ungulates
- ukuphazamiseka kwezilwane ngenxa yentuthuko esebenzayo yamazwe abo ngabantu
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha
Zingaki izingwe zeqhwa ezisele? Emhlabeni wonke - cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Akumangalisi ukuthi ingwe yeqhwa "ibekwe" ekhasini elibomvu leRed Book. Yile ndlela lezi zinhlobo ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngayo. Amakhasi amnyama asitshela ngalokho osekuvele kunyamalele. Izilwane, isibalo sazo esinciphayo, kepha esingakabaluleki, zimakwe ngombala ophuzi.
Zingu-150 kuphela izingwe zeqhwa ezihlala eRussia. Kuwo wonke amaKrasnoyarsk Territory, ngokwesibonelo, kwabalwa abantu abangama-20 kuphela. Bahlala esiqiwini semvelo iSayano-Shushensky nase-Ergaki.
