Izinyoni eziningi zigcina ngasemachibini. Kodwa-ke, yilabo kuphela abazi ukuhlala ebusweni bamachibi, imifula, izilwandle ababizwa ngokuthi izinyoni zamanzi. Isibonelo, onogolantethe nezindwandwe, bazulazula kuphela emanzini angajulile, bedoba izinhlanzi lapho.
Kepha amadada, ama-cormorants ayabhukuda, acwilise. Igama labo elijwayelekile alikho ngokwesayensi. Ngempumelelo efanayo, i-jellyfish, inkalankala nomkhomo kungahlanganiswa negama elithi "izilwane zasolwandle". Kepha, okwamanje, mayelana nezinyoni zamanzi. Kunamayunithi ayi-7.
Anseriformes izinyoni zamanzi
Ama-Anseriformes afaka imindeni emi-2: idada ne-palamedeas. Lezi zokugcina zinzima futhi zinkulu. Inhloko yamapalamede incane, nentamo imbumbulu. Idada libuye libe nezinyawo ezinama-webbed, uqhwaku oluyisicaba oluvundlile, nomzimba obanzi nohlelekile.
Imindeni emibili ye-oda i-Anseriformes ihlukaniswe ngemikhakha engama-50 yezinyoni. Kunezinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-150 kuzo. Phakathi kwazo:
Amahansi
Zine-cackle yesici futhi zinomlomo onesisekelo sazo ukuphakama okukhulu kunobubanzi. Esihlokweni "sekhala" kukhona uhlobo lwe-marigold olunomphetho obukhali. Ngaphezu kwamahansi asekhaya, kunezingu-10 zasendle:
1. Andean. Inomlomo obomvu nemilenze, ikhanda elimhlophe, intamo nengaphambili lomzimba. Ngama-midtones ansundu, umbala "ugelezela" kumnyama. Imboza uhhafu ongemuva womzimba, ingxenye yezimpiko, nomsila.
Umbala uyefana nabesifazane nabesilisa. Lezi zokugcina zinkulu kancane, zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-80 ubude, zinesisindo esingaba ngu-3.5 kilograms. Igama lohlobo lukhombisa indawo yokuhlala. Lezi yizindawo eziphakeme zase-Andes, eChile, e-Argentina, ePeru. Ngaphansi kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, amahansi ezinhlobo awavamile ukwehla. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa ezintabeni.
Izidleke zamahansi ase-Andes emithambekeni enotshani
2. Okumpunga. Lona ngukhokho wamahansi asekhaya. Le nyoni yaqala ukufuywa ngo-1300 BC. Amahansi asele emvelweni makhulu kunamanye, afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-90 ubude. Amanye amahansi ampunga anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha. Abesifazane ngokuvamile baba bancane. Ngombala, abamele ubulili bayefana, bonke bampunga.
Ihansi elimpunga lihlala ngokujwayelekile
3. Intaba. Ekuqaleni ivela e-Asia Ephakathi. Iningi labantu lihlala eKazakhstan, eMongolia naseChina. Kusobala egameni lezinhlobo ukuthi abamele bayo bakhetha izindawo zezintaba.
Lapho, izinyoni zibonakala ngemivimbo emibili eguquguqukayo emnyama ekhanda elimhlophe. Umugqa owodwa ugijimela emuva kwekhanda kusuka esweni kuye kweso. Omunye umugqa utholakala lapho kuhlangana khona ikhanda nentamo. Phansi kwalokugcina nomzimba wenyoni mpunga.
4. Mhlophe. Kuzaliswa emazweni aseCanada, eGreenland, eSiberia eseMpumalanga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uhlobo lubizwa ngokuthi yi-polar. Ngokuqhathaniswa nesizinda sezimpaphe ezimhlophe njengeqhwa, ukugqama okumnyama kwamaphiko kuyabonakala. Izidladla noqhwaku lwale nyoni kubomvana. Isici esihlukile yifushane, intamo ejiyile.
5. Ihansi kabhontshisi. Kutholakala kutundra yezwekazi lase-Eurasia. Uqhwaku olunezimpiko lunendandatho ephinki phakathi nendawo, phakathi kombala omnyama. Izimpaphe izinyoni zasemanzini izinhlobo ziyimpunga. Umhlane nezimpiko kumnyama.
Le ndlela ihluke kanjani kuhansi ompunga, onombala ofanayo. Kukhona futhi umehluko ngosayizi. Isisindo sebhontshisi asidluli amakhilogremu ama-5.
6. UBeloshey. Ngaphandle kwalokho kubhekiswa njengokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le nyoni inebala elimhlophe entanyeni. Wonke umzimba unombala ompunga, ufakwe ngaphakathi ungqimba omhlophe ongabonakali. Kubukeka njengokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke elinye igama.
Inyoni eyithweleyo ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-90 ubude ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-3.5 kilograms. Le nyoni ihlala e-Alaska, eCanada, e-USA, eSiberia.
7. INayile. Kwethulwa eYurophu Ephakathi ngekhulu le-18. Ngaphambi kwalokho, izinyoni zazihlala eNayile Valley nase-Afrika kuphela. Banquma ukuthutha izinyoni ngenxa yombala wazo okhangayo. Kwisizinda se-grey-beige, kunezindawo eziningi ezimhlophe, eziluhlaza, ezimnyama.
Amehlo anqunyelwe ngombala onsundu. Umlomo nezidladla zesilwane zibomvu. Isisindo esiphezulu sehansi iNayile singamakhilogremu ama-4. Le enezimpiko ihlukaniswa nolaka lwayo ekuvikeleni izindawo zayo, ayiziboleki kahle ekufuyweni.
8. Sukhonos. Inkulu, kepha incanyana kunehansi elimpunga. Ubude obujwayelekile bekhala elomile ngamasentimitha ayi-100. Inyoni le isisinda cishe ngama-4 kilograms.
Umbala walenyoni unsundu ngenethiwekhi yemithambo emhlophe. Kukhona nomugqa omhlophe ezansi komlomo. Umnyama. Uma ihansi lisencane, awukho umugqa omhlophe phansi komlomo.
ISukhonos ibonakala kalula ngomlomo wayo omnyama
9. Magellans. Okujwayelekile ngeNingizimu Melika. Esithombeni izinyoni zamanzi kuvame ukubukisa ezimfundeni ezinezixhaphozi. Ezindaweni zazo ezinotshani, izinyoni zithola isisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-2.5-3.5 anobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-70.
Inombala onsundu. Ikhanda linomlotha. Lokhu ukuhluka kwabesifazane. Abesilisa banekhanda nesifuba esimhlophe. Yilolu kuphela uhlobo lwamahansi anemibala ehlukene yabantu abesilisa nabesifazane.
10. Inkukhu. Uhlobo lwase-Australia lwamahansi, olubonakala ngokufakwa okumnyama okuyindilinga kuzimpaphe ezimpunga ezikhanyayo. Ukumaka kuseduze nomsila. Kungase kuvele izinhlangano nepikoko. Uqhwaku oluphezulu lwehansi lenkukhu luphuzi namabala amabili amnyama. Umlomo uqobo umnyama. Izidladla zale nyoni zibomvana.
Amahansi amaningi asengozini. Lesi yisizathu sokuqothulwa kwezinyoni ngenxa yophaphe olubalulekile olulahlekelwe ukuhlobana kwayo, nenyama, okubhekwa njengesitsha kuze kube namuhla.
Amadada
Ngaphandle kwamahansi, iqembu libandakanya amadada. Afinyelela kubukhulu obukhulu obungu-2 kilograms futhi ahlukaniswe ngama-subtypes alandelayo:
- umfula, ofaka phakathi i-mallard, i-shirokonoska, i-teal-whistle, i-pintail, itiye elinamakhala amancane kanye ne-teal-cracker
- diving, lapho kubalwa khona abatshuzi uqobo, amadada nedada elinamakhanda abomvana
- ama-mergansers, afaka phakathi i-scaly, medium and large
Abahlanganisi bahlukaniswa ngoqhwaku oluncane nolugobile phansi. Amadada okuntywila ikakhulukazi anezimpaphe ezinemibala. Izinhlobo zemifula ziphakamisa umsila wazo ngaphezu kwamanzi futhi ngokuvamile zibekwa phezulu lapho zibhukuda.
AmaSwans
Wonke ama-swans anokunyakaza okuhle, isakhiwo somzimba esivumayo nentamo ende. Izinyoni zesigaba zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezi-7:
1. Omnyama wase-Australia naseNyakatho Melika. Uqhwaku olunezimpiko lubomvu ngokucebile, mhlophe ekugcineni. Ngokubambisana noqhwaku, ubude bomzimba wedada elimnyama lingamasentimitha ayi-140. Isilwane sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-9.
2. Intamo emnyama. Umzimba wayo umhlophe kuthi ichopho lomlomo wayo umpunga. Ngamasentimitha afanayo angu-140 ubude, le nyoni inesisindo esingeqile ku-6.5 kilograms.
3. Idada eliyisimungulu, i-swan ejwayelekile eYurophu nase-Asia, lizuza amakhilogremu ayi-15. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-180. Izidladla zezimungulu zimnyama, umlomo ubomvu, izimpaphe zimhlophe.
4. Icilongo. it izinyoni ezimhlophe zasemanzini ngomlomo omnyama. Ubude besilwane bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-180, kanti isisindo singamakhilo ayi-13.
5. Isifebe. Kunokufakwa okuphuzi emlonyeni omnyama wale nyoni emhlophe njengeqhwa. Ubude be-Whooper abudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-145. Le nyoni inesisindo esingama-12 kilograms.
6. Inkumba yaseMelika. Kubukeka njenge-whooper ngaphandle kwentamo emfushane nekhanda eliyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umMelika ulula ngama-2 kilos kunesihlobo.
7. I-swan encane. Kufakiwe ku- izinhlobo zezinyoni zasemanzini njengamasentimitha angu-140 anezimpaphe ubude futhi enesisindo esingaba ngamakhilogremu ayi-9. Umbala nokwakheka kuyafana nokuhlukahluka kwaseMelika kanye ne-whooper. Kodwa-ke, uqhwaku lwedwan elincane lunephethini ngayinye, njengezigxivizo zeminwe yomuntu.
Intamo ende yama-swans iwavumela ukuthi athole ukudla ngaphandle kokuntywila. Kwanele ukwehlisa ikhanda lakho emanzini bese uhlwitha izitshalo, uthathe ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane.
Amanye ama-Anseriformes
Ngaphezu kohlobo olujwayelekile, okungaziwa kangako nokungajwayelekile kwabakhileyo kubalwa njengama-anseriformes. It:
- i-palamedea enezimpondo, enesithombo esingamasentimitha ayi-10 ekhanda, izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe futhi ihlangana eBrazil
- i-barnacle goose, etholakala eNovaya Zemlya naseGreenland, enezimpaphe ezimhlophe mpunga nezihlathi ezimhlophe njengeqhwa
Izinyoni ezingamahansi zihlala kuwo wonke umhlaba ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica. Ngaphandle kwayo, iningi labamele iqembu alihlali phansi. Izinyoni kuphela ezidla ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Izinyoni ze-Loon
Bonke bangabomndeni we-loon, ngoba bahlobene kakhulu. I-palamedea enezimpondo phakathi kwamahansi, isibonelo, ibukeka ingajwayelekile. Ama-Loon ayafana, ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-5:
1. I-loon enentamo emhlophe, ejwayelekile enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Inyoni imnyama futhi imhlophe ngephethini ecacile. Ingaphezulu lentamo ye-loon ilula. Kungakho igama lohlobo.
2. Ibele elibomvu. Isisindo sayo asikho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-2,5. Lokhu kwenza inyoni yomphimbo obomvu ibe ncane kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-loon. Ubude besilwane bungamasentimitha angama-69. Kukhona indawo ebomvu ngokubomvu entanyeni yenyoni. Zonke ezinye izimpaphe zinombala onsundu ngokumpunga.
3. Ukukhokhiswa okumhlophe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabele abomvu, amakhulu, azuza cishe ama-7 kilogram. Umlomo wesilwane, njengoba igama lisho, umhlophe. Uphaphe lwe-Waterfowl mpunga nsundu ngama-beige undertones, ahlukahlukene.
4. Kufakwe imali emnyama. Kukhokhiswe kancane okumhlophe. Isisindo sesilwane sifinyelela kuma-6.3 kilograms. Uqhwaku lwezinyoni zasemanzini mnyama, njengekhanda nentamo. Lezi zamuva zikhanya ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Umbala womzimba umnyama futhi umhlophe, unephethini ecacile.
5. Umqala omnyama. Unentamo emnyama nomhlane ompunga, unesisu esimhlophe. Inyoni le isisindana esingeqi ku-3.5 kilos. Ubude besisindo somzimba we-loon omphimbo omnyama ngamasentimitha angama-75. Izinhlobo zitholakala e-Alaska nase-Eurasia.
Ama-loon akuzona nje izinyoni zasemanzini. Abamele iqembu ngokoqobo bahlala emanzini, baya ogwini kuphela ngokubeka nokutshala amaqanda.
IsiPelican
Iqembu lama-pelican libizwa ngamanye ama-copepods. Zonke izinzwane zezinyoni zixhunywe ulwelwesi olulodwa. Lesi yisakhiwo sezidladla zezinyoni zemindeni emi-5. Ngokwesibonelo, kumadada, iwebhu ixhuma iminwe emi-3 kwemine kuphela.
AmaPelican
Abamele umndeni bakhulu. Ezinye izinyoni zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-180 ubude. AmaPelican anesisindo esifinyelela ku-14 kilograms. Kuzo zonke izinyoni zomndeni, ngezansi komlomo kuhlanganiswe nesaka lesikhumba lapho izinyoni zifaka khona izinhlanzi.
Ama-ornithologists akhomba izinhlobo ezi-8 zama-pelican, ezi-2 zazo - izinyoni zamanzi zaseRussia:
1. Ingcongolo egobile. Kuzaliswa eLake Manych-Gudilo nakweminye imizimba yamanzi yaseKuban naseVolga deltas. Inhloko yeDalmatia Pelican ihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezisontekile. Inyoni imhlophe. Isisindo sesilwane asidluli amakhilogremu ayi-13. Ubude bomzimba wevuba eligoqene bufinyelela kumasentimitha angu-180.
2. Iphikisi elibomvana. Kuzala enyakatho yesifunda seCaspian. Umbala obomvana ezimpapheni nje ulwandle oluphansi. Ithoni enkulu imhlophe. Kukhona ukugoba okumnyama ezimpikweni. Lezi yizimpaphe zokundiza. Iphikisi elibomvana linesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-11.
Izinhlobo ezi-6 ezisele zama-pelican azitholakali eRussia. Sikhuluma nge-American white and brown, grey Asian, Australia, pink-backed, hagus. Lesi sakamuva sasibalwa phakathi kwama-pelicans ansundu.
Lesi sigaba senziwa ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kofuzo. Ngokuziphatha, i-hagus inomkhuba wokuzakhela izidleke ogwini olunamadwala. Amanye ama-pelican angakha izidleke ezihlahleni.
Amagannethi
Mikhulu, kepha ayilingani nama-pelican. Isisindo esimaphakathi se-gannet singama-3-3.5 kilos. Kukhona izikhwama zomoya esiphongweni sezinyoni. Zivimbela ukushaqeka ekuthintekeni ngamanzi. Amagannethi nawo anomsila omfushane nentamo encane uma kuqhathaniswa. Umndeni unezinhlobo eziyi-9:
- ICaspian gannet, evame kakhulu esifundeni seCaspian
- enyakatho, ehlala e-Atlantic kuphela futhi enezimpaphe ezimhlophe, isisindo samakhilogremu ama-4 nobude bomzimba wemitha
- unyawo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onamaphiko ansundu, umzimba kakhilimu nemilenze eluhlaza okotshani
- elinobuso obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyilona elikhulu kunawo wonke ohlotsheni futhi elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phansi komlomo
- I-Australia, eningizimu yayo ama-gannets awahlali
- IPeruvia, encanyana kunamanye ama-gannet
- i-gannet ensundu enekhanda nentamo yethoni ushokoledi, okuvelele kuyo kube nomlomo omncane
- imilenze ebomvu, nayo enesikhumba esingenalutho ngomlomo wombala obomvu
- i-abbotta jungle yokwakha izidleke ngezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe
Onke ama-gannet ahlukaniswa ngomzimba wawo omise okogwayi, ominyene. Umbala uvame ukuhluka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. I-abbott yesifazane, isibonelo, inomlomo obomvana. Kubesilisa bezinhlobo, kumnyama.
AmaCormorants
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 zama-cormorants. Zonke ziyizinyoni ezisogwini, zihlala eduze kwezilwandle nezilwandle. AmaCormorants ahlukaniswa yizintamo zawo ezinde nemilomo. Lesi sakamuva sikhombe futhi sigobile kancane ekugcineni. Imindeni enezimpiko mikhulu, ingamasentimitha angu-50-100 ubude. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
1.Ibering cormorant. Ngegama kuyacaca ukuthi lenyoni isempumalanga. Izimpaphe ze-Bering cormorant zimnyama, zikhanya ngokusobala entanyeni, nensimbi kuwo wonke umzimba.
2. Encane. Le cormorant inentamo ebomvu ngokubomvu ngemuva kwesizinda sezimpaphe ezimnyama ngensimbi yensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni ungazibona ezintabeni zeDnieper, iDanube, iDniester.
3. I-cormorant enobuso obomvu ayihlangene nakancane namaNdiya. Amehlo enyoni anesikhumba esingenalutho, esibomvu-orange. Amagama ezinyoni zasemanzini zivame ukunikezwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zangaphandle.
Iningi lama-cormorants livikelwe. Ezinye izinhlobo azifakiwe kwiRed Book, kepha kwiBlack Book, okungukuthi, azisekho. Isibonelo yi-cormorant steller. Ubehlala eCommander Islands, engandizi futhi ebenophawu olumhlophe ethangeni lakhe.
Intamo yenyoka
Ziyahluka ngezidladla ezibekelwe eceleni umsila omfushane. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanentamo yezinyoka abakwazi ukuhamba. Isikhathi esiningi, izinyoni zichitha emanzini, lapho intamo ende izivumela ukuthi zithole ukudla ekujuleni.
Izintamo zezinyoka zifaka:
- Izinhlobo zamaNdiya, ezinephethini ecekeceke ezimpapheni ezinsundu, ezinwetshiwe futhi zikhonjiswe endaweni yehlombe
- into encane ejwayelekile, ejwayelekile yamahlathi emithi yemangrove futhi ebonakala ngokuncane
Intamo ende ezacile yezinyoni zomndeni igobeka ngokuma kohlamvu S. Ngesikhathi ibhukuda, izinyoni zigobisa izintamo zazo emanzini. Uma ukude, uma ubheka ngaphambili, kubonakala sengathi isilwane esihuquzelayo siyahamba.
I-Frigate
Ama-frigates yizinyoni zasolwandle. Makhulu, kepha alula, anoqhwaku olucijile nolugobile ekugcineni. Izimpaphe zezilwane zimnyama ngokubonakala kwensimbi. Ukubukeka kugcwalisa uhlamvu oludlayo. Ama-frigates avame ukuthatha izinyoni kwezinye izinyoni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abamele umndeni wayethandwa pirates. Banikezwe izinhlobo ezi-5 zamafriji ongakhetha kuzo:
1. I-frigate enkulu ingaphezu kwemitha ubude. Izimpaphe eziqhingini ezishisayo zoLwandlekazi iPacific.
2. Magnificent. Abamele lolu hlobo banemitha elilodwa ubude, bahlukaniswa ngomsila omude, owemfoloko.
3. Ukhozi frigate. Uhlala esiQhingini saseBoatswain kuphela. Itholakala eSouth Atlantic. Izinyoni lapha azikhuli zifike kumitha futhi zinombala ohlaza okothile emakhanda azo.
4. Frigate Ariel. Ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-80 ubude. Isisindo izinyoni ezimnyama zamanzi cishe ikhilogremu, futhi uhlala emanzini oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya.
5. Ukubukeka kukaKhisimusi. Abamele bayo banesisindo esisodwa nekhilogremu, kwesinye isikhathi bakhula bafike kumitha ubude ngezinga eliyi-86-92 sentimitha. Izimpaphe zamafriji kaKhisimusi zinombala onsundu.
Wonke ama-frigates anesikhwama esifana nama-pelican. Lesi sikhwama sibomvu. Ukugcwaliswa kombala kwehlukile kuye ngohlobo lwenyoni.
Izinyoni zamanzi zaseGrebe
Izindwangu zamazinyo zihlukaniswa ngumzimba ohlanganisiwe futhi osicaba ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Ubude bayo, buhlangene nentamo enwetshiwe nekhanda elincane elinomlomo omncane futhi obukhali, liyehluka ngamasentimitha angama-23 kuye kwangama-60. Akukho mehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngosayizi noma umbala.
Ukuhleleka kwama-grebes kufaka izinhlobo ezingama-20. Abangu-5 babo bahlala eRussia:
1. Omkhulu we-crested grebe. Isisindo esingama-600 amagremu. Ebusika, inyoni le nsundu inekhanda nentamo emhlophe. Ehlobo, iziqubu ezi-2 zezimpaphe ezinemibala zikhula esihlokweni sekhanda. Zifana nezimpondo. Kukhona ukhololo we-chestnut entanyeni. Futhi iqukethe izimpaphe ezinde, eziphikelela unyaka wonke.
2. I-grebe enesihlathi esimpunga. Kutholakala eMpumalanga Ekude naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Inyoni le isisinda ukudlula ikhilogremu. Izimpaphe zesilwane zilula engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba. Ingaphezulu layo limnyama. Indawo ebomvu ebomvu ibonakala ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Itholakala entanyeni yesikhova.
3. I-grebe enentamo ebomvu. Isisindo esingama-gramu angama-300, futhi asidluli ngamasentimitha angama-38 ubude. Le enezimpaphe inomlomo oqondile, omkhulu. Lokhu akuyona into ejwayelekile kuma-toadstools.
Ngombala, inyoni enentamo ebomvu ihlukaniswa yimigqa emnyama edlula ngamehlo futhi ihlukanise izihlathi zangaphambili nomqhele omnyama. Ibala lethusi entanyeni livela kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana. Bese kuthi izimpondo zegolide zikhule ekhanda le-toadstool. Bavusiwe.
4. Izinwele ezimnyama.Ibukeka njengeyentamo ebomvu, kepha igcina izimpondo zophaphe lwegolide zisesimweni sokulenga. Ebusika, lolu hlobo lwaziwa ngezihlathi zalo ezingcolile esikhundleni sokumhlophe njengeqhwa. Ubude benyoni bungaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-34.
I-grebe enentamo emnyama ivame ukuntweza izimpaphe zayo, zibe yindilinga, ngaphandle zibukeke zikhudlwana kunosayizi wangempela.
5. I-grebe encane. Kutholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, entshonalanga yeSiberia. Ubude benyoni abweqi kumasentimitha angama-30. Lokhu ubuncane phakathi kwama-toadstools. Isilwane sinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-200 gram.
Abamele izinhlobo zihlukaniswa izihlathi ze-chestnut. Intamo yenyoni nayo ibomvu. Zonke ezinye izimpaphe zinsundu ngenhla nokukhanya ngezansi.
Izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu zama-toadstools zihlala eMelika. Ngakho-ke, iqembu ngokuvamile lihlotshaniswa neNew World. Lapho, noma e-Eurasia, izigqoko zamathoyizi ziyajabulisa iso, kodwa hhayi etafuleni. Izinyoni ze-oda zinezinyama ezinuka kabi. Kungakho igama - izithambisi.
Izinyoni zephengwini
Kukhona umndeni we-1 eqenjini. Ihlukaniswe ngemikhakha engu-6 nezinhlobo eziyi-16. Ezinye ezingama-20 seziphelile, zaziwa ngezinsalela. Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zitholakala eNew Zealand.
Ukukhumbula izici zezinyoni zasemanzini ama-penguin aqinisekile ukusho ukungabi namandla okundiza. Ungavumeli isisindo somzimba, amaphiko amancane, izici zezimpaphe nokuhlala kwamaphengwini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Umbukwane ohlala e-Afrika "ngehhashi" elimnyama esifubeni
- iphengwini yaseNingizimu Melika iMagellanic, equkethe imigqa emnyama emi-1-2 entanyeni
- I-Gentoo penguin enomlomo obomvu nobude bomzimba obungu-90 cm
- i-penguin ejwayelekile ye-Indian Ocean macaroon penguin enezicucu ezinjengamashiya zezimpaphe eziphuzi
- I-Antarctic adeles enamarimu amhlophe asemehlweni abo
- imitha ne-18 kilogram king penguin, evela e-Atlantic futhi enamabala aphuzi ezinhlangothini zekhanda layo
- inyoni yasebukhosini enamabala aphuzi hhayi kuphela ekhanda, kodwa nasentanyeni, ethola isisindo samakhilogremu angama-40 ngokunyuka kwamasentimitha ayi-115
- i-northern crested penguin, ekhanda lawo amahlumela aphuzi afana namashiya ahlanganiswe nomnyama ofanayo
- i-chinstrap penguin ene "ribbon" emnyama ngaphansi kwesilevu, sengathi ibambe "isigqoko" esimnyama ekhanda
Phakathi kwezinyoni zasemanzini, ama-penguin yiwona kuphela angakwazi ukundiza. Izintshe nazo azikhuphukeli esibhakabhakeni, kepha azinandaba namanzi. Amaphengwini ayabhukuda futhi acwile kahle. Amafutha ayonga emakhazeni asemanzini. Ukungabikho kokuphela kwemizwa emilenzeni kusiza ukuvimbela isithwathwa emhlabeni.
Ama-Charadriiformes
Ama-charadriiformes ajwayelekile kakhulu enyakatho. Zinciphisa izindawo ezibandayo, izinyoni zamasosha zifunde ukugcina umfutho wegazi osmotic oqhubekayo. Lokhu kuvimbela izilwane ekubandeni.
Ama-Charadriiformes afaka imindeni emi-3:
Sandpiper
Izinhlobo ze-Kulikov ezingama-75. Bahlukaniswe ngobulili:
1. UZuyki. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-10 zazo. Zonke zinekhanda elikhulu elinomlomo obuthakathaka futhi omfushane. Esinye isici esivelayo yizimpiko ezinde nezincane. Iyadingeka indiza esheshayo, ukukhuphuka kalula emoyeni.
2. Snipe. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu. Imigqa emi-2 emnyama ihamba nezindikimba zazo ezilula. Kunemivimbo emi-2 ye-beige ezinhlangothini zomzimba. Uqhwaku lwe-snipe lude futhi luzacile, lukhombe ekugcineni.
3. Amabhokisi Esanti. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zazo. Banemilomo emifushane nezidladla ezimfushane, ezakhiwe ngokuxinana. Ubungako bensika yesihlabathi buqhathaniswa nobenkanyezi. Izinyoni zibukeka zinamehlo amancane, njengoba amehlo amancane engcwatshwe ezimpapheni.
4. Ama-curlews. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 kuhlobo. Zombili zihlukaniswa ngomlomo ogobile obheke phansi. Yinde futhi mncane. Esinye isici esihlukile sama-curlews yi-loin emhlophe.
5. AmaSwirls. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zingu-2. Uqhwaku lwawo olude luwugqinsi phansi. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, izinyoni ziba bomvu, okungajwayelekile kwezinye izinyoni zasolwandle.
6. Abathakathi. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi kuhlobo lohlobo. Abameleli babo bangosayizi wenkanyezi enezinkanyezi, ezacile, nemilenze emide. Imilenze iqinile, kanjalo noqweqwe oluncane olude. Inhloko yezinyoni incane.
UTurukhtan umi yedwa. Iseduze kwabaqhephu besanti, kepha incanyana kunabo, ngemilenze emide ngokuqhathaniswa. UTurukhtan osayizi we-thrush.
Qeda
Ziyizinyoni zasolwandle. Bahlukana nezimbila, bejwayela indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, abazimele ogwini. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-22 emndenini. Izidleke zazo ezingamashumi amabili ogwini lwase-Atlantic naseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia. Imayelana:
- ama-auklets ane-tuft aphonswe phambili nezikhumba zezingulube zezimpaphe ezinhle ngemuva kwamehlo
- isisu esimhlophe, esinemigqa elula emehlweni enabafundi abancane
- abantu abadala, ekhanda labo ngasikhathi sinye nezimpaphe ezimnyama zomshado ezibonakala zimpunga "ezimpunga"
- fawn, omlomo wayo ubukhali kancane futhi ubude kunowamanye ama-auks
- ama-puffin anomlomo omkhulu futhi ogqamile, ofana nopholi
- amadleke, amakhulu kunama-auks ajwayelekile, angavamile ukuxabana ngosayizi nejuba ledolobha
- ama-guillemots, afana nezinhlanzi ngangokunokwenzeka
- ama-lurik amancane anomlomo omnyama, oqondile futhi omfushane
- i-auk enokuphakanyiswa bese igoba phansi phezulu komlomo, ocindezelwa kusuka ezinhlangothini
- ama-guillemots, angama-guillemot amakhulu kunawo wonke futhi ahlukaniswa "nge-eyelash" emhlophe ende ende eyehla iye phansi isuka emakhoneni angaphandle wamehlo
Ama-auks amaningi akhipha amakha anezindlala ezikhethekile. Izinhlobo ezinkulu, isibonelo, zinuka njenge-citrus. Iphunga likalamula lihlanganiswa yizimpaphe ezisentanyeni yenyoni. Iphunga lizwakala ngabantu eliqhele ngekhilomitha. Izinyoni zizwa iphunga ngokuqhubekayo, zithole uhlobo lwazo.
Izinkomo
Izinyoni zomndeni zimpunga, zimnyama noma zimhlophe. Zonke izinhlanzi zasolwandle zizodwa, okungukuthi, zithembekile kumlingani oyedwa. Bahlomisa isidleke naye ogwini.
Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40. Phakathi kwazo:
1. Ingquza enekhanda elimnyama. Kutholakala ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, eCrimea. Ngaphandle kweRussia, kuvamile eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ikhanda elimnyama lenyoni liphikisana nomlomo obomvu nomzimba omhlophe njengeqhwa.
2. IMedithera. Mkhulu, unekhanda elimhlophe, uhlukaniswa ngethiphu ebuthuntu yomlomo omfishane, intamo enamandla nomqhele oyisicaba.
3. Ingulube enamaphiko empunga, omunye umzimba omhlophe. Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala e-Alaska nasogwini, kuze kufike eWashington.
4. Okumpunga. Izimpiko zayo zimpunga. Lezi zinhlobo zivamile eNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika. Lapho, izinyoni ezinekhanda elimpunga zihlala esidlekeni emaxhaphozini omhlanga.
5. Isiliva. Le gull ihlukaniswa yinhloko yayo emincane, usayizi omkhulu nokwakhiwa okuminyene. Kubonakala sengathi isilwane sinenkulumo engaqondakali. Ingxenye yomphumela ikhiqizwa yi-cocky, uqhwaku olugobile.
6. URose gull. Kutholakala eNyakatho-Mpumalanga yeSiberia. Ingemuva nekhanda lenyoni kunombala o-grey-blue. Isisu nesifuba kunombala opinki okhanyayo. Kukhona umgexo omnyama entanyeni. Isakhiwo sesilwane sintekenteke, ubude bomzimba abudluli amasentimitha angama-34.
7. Iseleki. Kutholakale ngekhulu lama-20 lokwehla kwesibalo sabantu, okusohlwini lweRed Book. Le nyoni imhlophe ngomngcele omnyama ezimpikweni nasemsileni.
8. Ijuba lasolwandle. Ngokuphikisana negama, kungokwama-gulls. Okumhlophe okusuka ekhanda kuhamba kancane kuye empunga emsileni. Le nyoni itholakala entshonalanga yeYurophu, e-Afrika, esifundeni soLwandle Olubomvu.
Izingubo zokuzalela zama-gull ziyahluka kwezasebusika. I-dimorphism yezocansi nayo iyabizwa. Ngamanye amazwi, abesifazane nabesilisa bayahluka ngosayizi nombala.
I-Crane njengezinyoni zasemanzini
Kwake kwaba nemindeni engama-22 kuleli butho. Kulezi zinsuku eziyi-9 zazo ziyizinsalela. Emindenini engu-13 esele, emine imelwe eRussia.Ibandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-23. Ngokuyinhloko, lawa angama-cranes:
1. I-crane empunga. Inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha ngamasentimitha ayi-115 ukuphakama. Uqhwaku lwe-Beige ngamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu. Kukhona indawo ebomvu esiqongweni senyoni. Ibunzi le-crane limnyama. Kunokufakwa okumnyama emsileni nasentanyeni. Zonke izimpaphe ziyimpunga.
2. UBelladonna. Phakathi kwama-cranes ingane ayikhuli ibe yimitha ukuphakama. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe ezinde zigijima zisuka emehlweni ziye emuva ekhanda lesilwane. Izimpaphe zokundiza ezisemaphikweni nazo ziyandiswa.
3. ISiberia Crane. Inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha ngobude obungamasentimitha ayi-140 nokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.1. Lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu eRussia, izinhlobo esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk. Kunezinyoni eziningana ngaphezulu kwesifunda saseYamalo-German naseKomi Republic.
Izimpaphe zingabonwa ngombala omhlophe ngombuthano wesikhumba esibomvu esingenalutho emlonyeni.
4. Ussuriisky crane. Kubizwa nangokuthi yiJapan. Futhi esengozini, inophawu olubomvu nxazonke ebunzini layo.
Kukholelwa ukuthi yaba uhlobo lomdwebo wesilinganiso sefulegi laseJapane. I-Ussuri crane nayo ihlala ezweni le-Rising Sun.
Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo zezinyoni ezinjenge-crane zingama-200. Ngaphezu kwama-cranes ngokwawo, izinyoni ze-bustard nezelusi ziyabhekwa.
Ngakho-ke sakubona yiziphi izinyoni eziyizinyoni zasemanzini... Ukujwayelana ngegama kudinga ukuhlushwa okukhulu ngoku-oda kwama-cranes. Ukuhlelwa kwendlela yayo kunempikiswano ngisho nakubabukeli bezinyoni. Kubalulekile ukuqonda hhayi kuphela izinhlobo, kepha futhi nokuvikela izinyoni. Ingxenye yabo ibhalwe kuRed Book.
