Inyoni yengoma idume ngokucula kwayo, lapho uhla lwemisindo lufana nomsindo wesinqumelo esitsheni esishisayo. Ngakho-ke igama, elidlulisa ukugqabhuka, ngokomfanekiso. ECzech Republic, inkanyezi ibizwa nge-spachek, ehunyushwa ngokuthi "amanoni".
Umlingisi onezimpaphe wemisindo uhlukile kuthalente lakhe. Emhlambini ondizayo, ungezwa ngisho nokudla kwekati. Intwasahlobo inkanyezi hhayi njengokujwayelekile njengoba abaningi becabanga.
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni ekhanyayo encane ngosayizi, imvamisa ifaniswa ngokubukeka nenyoni emnyama. Ubude benyoni abudluli ku-22 cm, isisindo singama-75 g, amaphiko angaba ngu-37-39 cm.Umzimba mkhulu, unezimpaphe ezimnyama ezicwazimulayo elangeni nezinhlayiya ezincane zombala okhanyayo, obonakala kakhulu entwasahlobo kwabesifazane. Ukusakazeka kwamabala amhlophe noma kakhilimu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-molting, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izimpaphe zicishe zifane.
Umsila wezinyoni mfushane, u-6-7 cm kuphela. Umbala ufaka isheen yensimbi. Umphumela utholwa ngokubonga hhayi kumbala wamanje, kodwa ekwakhekeni kwangempela kwezimpaphe. Ngokuya nge-engela, ukukhanyisa, umbala wezimpaphe ushintsha imithunzi.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinkanyezi, ukuncipha kwelanga kungaba nsomi, ithusi, luhlaza, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imilenze yezinyoni ihlala ibomvu ngokubomvu, inezinzipho ezigobile.
Ikhanda lenyoni lilingana nomzimba, intamo imfishane. Umlomo ubukhali kakhulu, ubude, ugobile kancane ubheke ezansi, uthambile kusuka ezinhlangothini, umnyama ngombala, kodwa ngenkathi yokukhwelana ushintsha umbala ube ophuzi. Amachwane anomphebe omnyama onsundu kuphela. Ubusha babo bunikezwa ngamaphiko ayindilinga, intamo ekhanyayo nokungabikho kokucwebezela kwensimbi ngombala wabo.
Kunokwehluka okuncane phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Ungabona owesilisa ngama-lilac specks on uqhwaku nezimpaphe ezinde esifubeni, nowesifazane - ngamabala abomvu, izimpaphe ezimfushane zohlobo oluhle. Ukundiza kwezinkanyezi kubushelelezi futhi kuyashesha.
Izinkanyezi eziculayo zihlukile kwizinyoni ezimnyama ngokwazi kwazo ukugijima phansi, hhayi ukugxuma. Inkanyezi uyayibona ngendlela yokucula - imvamisa izamazamisa amaphiko ayo ngesikhathi sokudlala kwengxenye.
Amandla okulingisa amazwi ezinye izinyoni nezilwane aguqula inkanyezi ejwayelekile ibe ngumdwebi ongavamile. Uyakwazi "ukukhuluma" ngamazwi ezinyoni ezahlukahlukene:
- ama-orioles;
- izigwaca;
- ama-jay;
- khotha;
- izinkonjane;
- ama-warblers;
- ama-bluethroats;
- i-thrush;
- idada, iqhude nenkukhu, njll.
Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa sabona izinkanyezi ezafika entwasahlobo zacula ngamaphimbo ezinyoni ezishisayo. Izinyoni zizala kabusha isango lesango, umsindo womshini wokubhala, ukuchofoza isiswebhu, ukukhala kwezimvu, ukukhala kwamasele amaxhaphozi, inqwaba yamakati, nenja ekhonkothayo.
Ukucula inkanyezi yakhelwe ukukhala okumnandi kwezwi lakhe. Izinyoni ezindala “ziqongelela” izinqolobane zazo, zihlanganyela imithwalo yazo ngokukhululekile.
Lalela izwi lenkanyezi
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inyoni yengoma yaziwa endaweni enkulu yase-Eurasia, eNingizimu Afrika, e-Australia. Ukuhlaliswa kabusha kwabantu kwenzeka endaweni yomuntu. Lesi sihlabani senkanyezi sitholakala eTurkey, India, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran. Ukuqothula ama-starlings kwakunzima eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Izinyoni eziningi zafa, kodwa ezinye zasinda lapho.
Imininingwane mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inyoni enezinkanyezi, efudukayo noma ebusika, kuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwazo. Izinyoni ezihlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu zihlala phansi, futhi ezivamile engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ziyafuduka, zihlala zindiza ngaseningizimu ebusika.
Ukufuduka kwesizini kujwayelekile kwizinkanyezi ezivela eBelgium, eHolland, ePoland naseRussia. Izindiza zamaqoqo okuqala ziqala ngoSepthemba zize ziphele ngoNovemba. Ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika, izinyoni ziya ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeYurophu, eNdiya, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Izinyoni ezinesibindi zihlanganisa amabanga ukusuka kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kuya kwezingu-1-2. Izinyoni zidinga ukuma okungu-1-2 emini. Izindiza ezingaphezu kwezilwandle zihlala zihlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu. Umhlambi wonke wezinyoni ungabulawa yisiphepho.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinkanyezi zithola insindiso emikhunjini yolwandle, yehlela emikhunjini ngamanani amakhulu. Ngokwezibikezelo eziyizinkolelo nezinkolelo zamatilosi, ukufa ngisho nenyoni eyodwa emkhunjini kusongela ukukhukhuleka. Izinkanyezi zivikelekile njalo yilabo abasolwandle.
Izinyoni ezindiza zisuka kude azamukelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yomsindo eziwenzayo. Ngakho-ke, izakhamizi zaseRoma zivale amawindi wazo kusihlwa ukuze zingezwa ukuhayiza kwezinyoni, okuyinto ephakeme kakhulu kunemisindo yezimoto ezidlulayo. Izinkanyezi ebusika bahlangana emakoloni amakhulu, abalelwa kubantu abangaphezu kwesigidi.
Izinkanyezi zingabuthana ngemihlambi eminingi
Entwasahlobo, ngo-Mashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngesikhathi sokuncibilika okusebenzayo kweqhwa, kuvela izakhamuzi zokuqala ezabuyela emakhaya. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, zingabonakala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Uma izinyoni sezibuyile, futhi amakhaza enganciphi, khona-ke eziningi zisengozini yokufa.
Abesilisa bavela kuqala, bekhetha izindawo zokwakha isidleke ngokuzayo. Abesifazane bafika ngemuva kwesikhashana. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, izinyoni zibheka izihlahla ezinemigodi emidala ukuze zihlele izidleke noma zihlale ezihlahleni zezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene.
Inkanyezi entwasahlobo kuliwa kakhulu, kuyasebenza. Akemi emcimbini nezinye izinyoni, ngokufuna ngenkani indawo efanelekile yokwakha isidleke, osinda komakhelwane. Kukhona amacala aziwayo okugcwala kwezigodo ezinamakhanda abomvu kanye nama-rolling rolling emakhaya abo.
Izinkanyezi ngokwazo nazo zinezitha ezanele. Ziyizisulu ezihlwabusayo zezinkozi ze-peregrine, izinkozi, izinkozi zegolide. Izidleke zivame ukucekelwa phansi ngabadli basemhlabeni, ngisho namagwababa nezimpisi azikuphikisi ukudla amaqanda nezindlwana zezinkanyezi.
Izinyoni ziyazijabulisa phakathi kwazo, zihlala emakoloni. Imihlambi eminingi yezinkanyezi ibonakala lapho indiza, lapho izulazula khona kanyekanye, ijike futhi ifike, ibambe ngokukhululekile izindawo ezinkulu phansi.
Chitha ubusuku ngamaqembu ezihlahleni eziminyene zemihlanga, iminyezane yezindawo ezisogwini, emagatsheni engadi noma epaki ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni.
Indzawo yetinkhanyeti tindzawo letisicaba letinemaxhaphozi, imifula kanye naleminye imitimba yemanti. Izinyoni zezidleke zitholakala emahlathini, ezindaweni ezinamathafa, eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, izakhiwo zamapulazi.
Izinyoni zikhangwa umhlaba wasensimini njengemithombo yokudla engaba khona. Izinkanyezi zigwema izindawo ezinezintaba, izindawo ezingahlali muntu. Imisebenzi yabantu ihlinzeka izinyoni ngokudla.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlasela okukhulu kwezinkanyezi kulimaza izitshalo zokusanhlamvu, amasimu amajikijolo. Imihlambi emikhulu ingasongela ukuphepha kwezindiza. Yize kunjalo abantu bahlala bekwazisa abaculi ngokucekela phansi izinambuzane zasensimini: amabhungane, amacimbi, izinkumbi, ama-slugs, izimpukane. Ukufakwa kwezindlu zezinyoni bekulokhu kuwuhlobo lwesimemo sezinyoni ukuba zivakashele emapulazini.
Izinhlobo
Ososayensi bathi ukuphikisana kwentela yama-subspecies anezinkanyezi, ngoba umehluko omncane wezimpaphe nosayizi kungaba nzima ukukuthola ngokuvela kwenyoni. Kunezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili eziyinhloko, ezaziwa kakhulu ezweni lakithi yi-starling ejwayelekile (shpak), inkanyezi encane, impunga kanye neJapan (enamahlathi abomvu). Ama-Starlings ahlukaniswa ukubukeka kwawo okuyisici ngezici ezigqamile:
- umbala obomvana;
- icici;
- Indiya (myna);
- inyathi (ehudula);
- iphiko elimnyama.
Umfundisi inegama layo ngenxa yombala wayo wesici. Isifuba esibomvana, isisu, izinhlangothi, emuva okunezimpiko ezimnyama, ikhanda, intamo kwakha ingubo ekhangayo yenyoni yasentwasahlobo. Okumangazayo esithombeni njengokungathi ugqoke imikhosi. Ukuhamba komhlambi wezinyoni ezibomvana kufana nefu elibomvana elintantayo. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zinyoni yisikhonyane.
Inyoni eyodwa idinga cishe ama-200 g ezinambuzane ngosuku, okuyisisindo esiphindwe kabili senkanyezi uqobo lwayo. Izinyoni zihlala eduze kwamathafa asogwadule kanye namathafa, kanye nesidleke emifantwini yamadwala, emigodini, ezindlini ezinamadwala. Izinkanyezi ezipinki zinokuthula okungavamile, azikho izimpi zezinyoni phakathi kwazo.
Inkanyezi eyinkanyezi (enezimpondo) ihlala e-Afrika kuphela. Ibizwa ngegama lokukhula okuyinyama emakhanda amaduna avela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ukukhula kufana namakhekheba eqhude ngokubukeka.
Lezi zinhlobo zezidleke zamagatsha ezihlahla, zakha izindlu ezibusayo. Izikole zezinkanyezi ezinenkomo zidla kuphela isikhonyane, ngakho-ke ziyayilandela uma izinambuzane zisuswe endaweni yazo. Umbala wezinkanyezi ikakhulukazi umpunga.
Inkanyezi yaseNdiya (i-myna). Inyoni yase-Asia kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi i-Afghan starling. Onke amagama ahlobene nokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwezinyoni. Umbala wezimpaphe uphethwe omnyama, kepha ukuphela komsila nonqenqema oluholayo lwephiko kunokuhleleka okumhlophe.
Uqhwaku lwenyoni, "izibuko" ezizungeze amehlo nemilenze kuphuzi. UMaina uyahlala kancane kancane, athatha izindawo ezintsha. Sahlangana nenyoni eKazakhstan nakwezinye izindawo e-Asia Ephakathi. Ithalente le-mockingbird lenze imana ithandwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, futhi abaningi baqala ukugcina izinkanyezi endaweni yabo yasekhaya. Ubuhle bale nyoni nokuzijabulisa kwayo kunengxenye ekusakazekeni okuqhubekayo kwenkanyezi yaseNdiya.
Inkanyezi yaseNdiya noma imana
Izinkanyezi zenyathi (ezihudula). Izinyoni zase-Afrika ezihlala phansi zinsundu ngombala nomsila omise okwe fan. Ungazibona lezi zinkanyezi ngamehlo azo awolintshi nangethiphu yoqhwaku olubomvu. Ziyi-oda elingahlehliseki lezilwane zasendle nezasekhaya.
Izinyoni zihlala emizimbeni yezinyathi, obhejane, izinhlwathi nezinye izakhamuzi ezinemilenze emine bese ziqoqa imikhaza, izimpukane, izimpukane kanye nezinye izimuncagazi ezigebhe esikhunjeni zahlala noboya bezilwane.
Izinkanyezi ezihlola izidumbu ezinjengezigqoko zenza iziqu, zilenga zibheke phansi esiswini noma zingene emabhande aqinile emzimbeni. Izilwane azikhombisi ukumelana nazo, zazi ukuthi ukukhishwa kwezinyoni kuzozizuzisa zona kuphela.
Izinkanyezi ezinamaphiko amnyama. Iziqhingi ezingapheli e-Indonesia, izakhamuzi zase-savannah. Abameleli abangajwayelekile ababhalwe kuRed Book ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwabantu. Izinkanyezi ezinamaphiko amnyama zabanjwa zathengiselwa ukugcinwa kwekhaya, ngaleyo ndlela kuqeda abantu emvelweni.
Umbala ophikisanayo wale nyoni awujwayelekile: izimpaphe ezimhlophe zomzimba nekhanda kuhlanganiswe namaphiko amnyama nomsila. Phezulu kwekhanda kunesigaxa esincane sezimpaphe. Isikhumba esiphuzi simisa amehlo, imilenze noqhwaku kungumbala ofanayo. Ihlala kakhulu emadlelweni emfuyo, umhlaba wezolimo, futhi igcina kude nendawo yokuhlala abantu. Ekufuneni ukudla, kwenza izindiza eziyimizulane.
Njengamanje, le nyoni igcinwa ezindaweni ezivikelwe zezinqolobane, lapho izinkanyezi zinganqabi ukuboleka izindlu zezinyoni ezilungiselelwe ukwakha izidleke. Kodwa isibalo sabo sincane kakhulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-Skvortsov ibhekwa njengezinyoni ezinomsoco, ekudleni kokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Izidalwa ezilandelayo zingumthombo wamaprotheni ezinyoni:
- iminenke;
- amacimbi;
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- izimvemvane;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- izintethe;
- izicabucabu;
- izimpimpi.
Entwasahlobo, masinyane ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, izinkanyezi zithola ukudla ezindaweni ezincibilikile, ebusika obuyimfihlo bezinambuzane - emifantwini yamagxolo ezihlahla. Ngokushisa, ukuzingelwa kwama-arthropods nezikelemu kuqala.
Ekudleni kwezitshalo, izinkanyezi zithanda amajikijolo nezithelo. Kukhona izinyoni eziningi njalo ezingadini ze-apula nezama-cherry, ngeke zishiye ama-plums avuthiwe namapheya.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinyoni zivula isikhumba esinzima noma igobolondo lamantongomane ngokusho kwayo yonke imithetho ye-physics - zishaya imbobo encane, zifake uqhwaku bese zivula izithelo ngokuya ngomthetho wesibambiso ukuze zifinyelele kokuqukethwe. Ngaphezu kwezithelo ezinamanzi amaningi, izinkanyezi zisebenzisa imbewu yezitshalo nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu.
Izinkanyezi zingadala umonakalo kwezolimo uma imihlambi emikhulu iqala ukubusa insimu. Izithunywa zentwasahlobo zilusizo ngokulinganisela ekutshaleni, kepha amakholomu ezinyoni aba yingozi ezitshalweni zesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo sezinyoni ezihlala phansi; izinyoni ezifudukayo ziqala ukukhwelana ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya. Isikhathi sokuhlala esidlekeni sincike ezimeni zezulu, kokuphakelwa kokudla. Kwezinye izifunda, izinyoni zizalela amaqanda kathathu ngesizini ngayinye ngenxa yenkanyezi eshaywayo.
Amatshwele akhazimulayo
Isidleke esinezinkanyezi ingatholakala egodini elidala, izakhiwo zangaphambili zezinyoni ezinkulu - izindwandwe, izinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe. Izindawo zokugcina izinyoni ezenziwe ngomumo nazo zihlala. Owesifazane ubizwa ngokucula okukhethekile.
Izinkanyezi zakha ngazimbili phakathi nenkathi, zinakekela ezikhethiwe eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Bobabili abazali bakusasa benza umsebenzi wokwakha. Izimpaphe, amahlumela, uvolo, amaqabunga, izimpande yizinto zodoti.
I-clutch ngayinye iqukethe amaqanda ama-4-7 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12-13. Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa ungena esikhundleni sowesifazane ngalesi sikhathi. Indawo yokwakha izidleke ivikelwe ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwebanga elingamamitha ayi-10. Ukudla kutholakala kude nendawo yokufukamela - osebeni lwamachibi, ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, izingadi zemifino, amasimu.
Ukulala okumangazayo esidlekeni
Ukuvela kwamachwane kuthule du, ungafunda ngenzalo ngamagobolondo aphonswe phansi. Ukondla izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, bobabili abazali bandizela kude bayofuna ukudla. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, amaphuphu adla ukudla okuthambile, kamuva ashintshela ezinambuzaneni ezinzima.
Amachwane akhulayo akhula esidlekeni izinsuku ezingama-21-23, bese eqala ukuthola ukuzimela, anhlanhlatha abe imihlambi emincane. Uma iphuphu elinezinkanyezi akujahile ukukhula, khona-ke abazali bamkhipha esidlekeni ngokudla.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, impilo yenkanyezi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ihlala iminyaka eyi-12. Ososayensi baseRussia bakubhalile lokhu. Endaweni enakekelwa kahle ekhaya, izinyoni ziphila isikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe.
Eziningi zizala izinkanyezi nezinyoni ezilula ukuthambisa ukwesaba abantu. Bathatha ukudla ezintendeni zezandla zabo, bahlala emahlombe abo, babheke okwenzekayo eduze komuntu. Izilwane ezifuywayo ekukhulumisaneni zilingisa kalula amazwi abantu, zizala eminye imisindo.
Abaqaphi bezinyoni bakholelwa ukuthi izwi lomdabu le-starling liyikhwela elidonswayo, elibukhali futhi elizwakalayo. Izilwane ezifuywayo zithandwa ngohlobo lwazo lomusa nangokuziphatha okuhle. AmaFidgets ayadlala, anelukuluku lokwakha, enza isimo esihle ngamakhonsathi awo okudlala.
