Inventory yezinhlanzi ezingavamile nezisengozini yokuqothulwa
Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi mkhulu kakhulu futhi uhlukahlukene, kepha ezinye zezakhamuzi zawo zidinga usizo nokuvikelwa. Ngalokhu, ngonyaka wama-48 wekhulu elidlule, iRed Book yamazwe omhlaba yahlanganiswa kwathi ngo-1968 yashicilelwa ngamanani amancane.
Futhi ngo-1978 bahlanganisa iRed Book yaseRussia, eyayihlanganisa izinhlobo zezilwane, izinyoni, izinhlanzi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinambuzane kanye nezitshalo. Kulotshiwe lapho ukuthi babizwa kanjani, bahlala kuphi, ngasizathu sini bayanyamalala nokuthi bangabasiza kanjani.
Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezifakwe kuyo zehlukaniswe izigaba ezinhlanu. Esokuqala yilezo zinhlobo ezisesimweni esibucayi. On the esengozini yokuqothulwa, noma mhlawumbe kakade wanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Isigaba sesibili sifaka izinhlobo, inani lazo elincipha ngokushesha. Futhi uma ungathathi zinyathelo zokubasindisa, maduzane bazobizwa ngokuthi bayanyamalala.
Isigaba sesithathu sifaka lezo zinto eziphilayo, inani lazo elingelikhulu. Zivame kakhulu futhi zidinga ukulawula okukhethekile nokunakekelwa kwazo.
Izinhlobo zesigaba sesine zifaka phakathi abantu abangatadiswanga ngokugcwele. Kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu ngabo, bangasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, kepha asikho isiqiniseko sangempela salokhu.
Labo bantu, inani labo, ngosizo lwabantu, selitholile. Kepha, noma kunjalo, badinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokuqondiswa - bangabesigaba sesihlanu.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa ezisengozini yokuqothulwa emhlabeni jikelele izinhlanzi ezibhalwe encwadini ebomvu, futhi eRussia kukhona cishe abangamashumi amahlanu. Ake sibheke izinhlanzi eziyigugu kakhulu, ezingandile futhi ezidonsa amehlo.
Sterlet
Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yamanzi angcolisiwe kanye nokufunwa kakhulu kwazo ngabathengi. Lokhu izinhlanzi zeRed Book, bahlangana eVolga, Kuban, Don, Dnieper, Ural river kanye nasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Njengamanje, itholakala incane kakhulu, naseKuban hhayi nakancane.
Inhlanzi eyi-Sterlet ikhula ize ifike kumakhilogremu amabili. Futhi inesici esimangazayo. Uma uyimisa okwesikhashana, bese uyiphonsa emanzini, izoncibilika kancane kancane iphinde ivuseleleke.
Ngosizo nokubamba iqhaza kwamavolontiya kanye nezishoshovu zezilwane zasendle, inani labo laqala ukwanda. Bahlela abantu, bahlanze imifula. Bazama ukuthi izimboni nezinhlangano ziyeke ukuthela yonke imfucuza yezimboni emanzini.
I-sculpin ejwayelekile
Le nhlanzi ingeyesigaba sesibili sezinhlobo ezincishayo. Indawo ehlala kuyo yingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia. I-sculpin ngeke ihlale emanzini angcolile, futhi ngenxa yokungcola okuphezulu kwemizimba yamanzi, inani labantu liyancipha.
Yinhlanzi encane enekhanda elibanzi futhi eliyisicaba. Ngesikhathi sasemini, ayisebenzi, isikhathi esiningi icasha ngaphansi kwamatshe kanye neziqubu, lapho yathola igama layo.
Ama-taimen ajwayelekile
Uhlala emifuleni esempumalanga ye-Urals naseSiberia, eLake Baikal naseTeletskoye. Futhi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Lezi zinhlanzi zisesigabeni sokuqala sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ama-taimen, izinhlanzi zamanzi angenasawoti, ezinosayizi omangalisayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ikhula imitha elilodwa ubude futhi inesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angamashumi amahlanu. Amanzi angcolisiwe nokuzingela ngokungemthetho okukhulu kuye kwacekela phansi lezi zinhlanzi. Kulezi zindawo ezibalwe ngenhla, kunezibonelo ezilodwa kuphela.
Kusukela ngo-96 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ama-taimen afakwa kwi-Red Book, futhi kusukela ngesikhathi esifanayo baqala ukusebenza ngenkuthalo ukusindisa abantu babo. Kunamachibi amaningi okuzalanisa ngalezi zinhlanzi. Babuye bavikela izindawo zemvelo, lapho kusekhona izinhlanzi ezincane.
IBersch
Le nhlanzi kade yabusa emifuleni enamanzi ajulile nasemachibini athile. Amabhange eVolga nase-Urals, uDon noTerek, uSulak noSamur babedume ngemibono yabo. Okungajwayelekile, itholakala emanzini anosawoti oLwandle Olumnyama nasolwandle iCaspian. Muva nje, endaweni yaseRussia, ifika ngokungavamile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ifakwe kuRed Book.
Le nhlanzi iphakathi nendawo ngosayizi, ngaphandle ifana ne-pike perch ne-perch. I-Bursh iyisilwane esidla imvelo ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke idla kuphela izinhlanzi. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni babedoba lezi zinhlanzi ngobuningi ngamanetha, ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, inani layo laqala ukwehla ngesivinini esisheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kube negalelo elikhulu. Ukuthela yonke imfucuza yakho emfuleni nasemachibini echibi. Namuhla, ukudoba ngamanetha akuvunyelwe nakancane. Baphinde balwe namabhizinisi angcolisa imifula nezilwandle.
I-cupid emnyama
Inhlanzi engajwayelekile, ingeyomndeni we-carp. ERussia, itholakala kuphela emanzini e-Amur. Manje lezi zinhlanzi zimbalwa kakhulu kangangokuba zisesigabeni sokuqala eRed Book.
Ama-cupid amnyama aphila ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi, futhi ukukhula kwawo ngokocansi kuqala kuphela ngonyaka wesithupha wokuphila. Kakade abantu abadala bakhula ngosayizi kusuka engxenyeni yemitha ubude futhi banesisindo esingu-3-4 kg. Bahlukaniswa njengezilwane ezidla inyama, ngakho-ke iningi lokudla kwabo kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-shellfish.
Umdanso onsundu
I-trout brown noma ebizwa nangokuthi i-river trout. Njengoba le nhlanzi ihlala emifuleni engajulile nemifudlana. Ezinye izinhlobo zayo zingatholakala naseLwandle iBaltic.
Inani lalezi zinhlanzi laqala ukwehla, ngoba labanjwa ngokungalawuleki. Njengamanje, eRussian Federation, kunezindawo eziphelele zokuzalanisa kwazo.
Isibani solwandle
Ungumhlali wamanzi aseCaspian, kepha uya emifuleni ukuze izale. Nali iqiniso elithandekayo nelidabukisayo elivela empilweni yezibani. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bakha izidleke, futhi bazivikele ngenkuthalo ngenkathi owesifazane ebeka amaqanda. Futhi ngemuva kokuphela, bobabili bayafa. Isibalo salezi zinhlanzi sincane kakhulu, futhi zimbalwa kuphela ezinsimini yaseRussia.
Lolu uhlobo lwezinhlanzi oluhlukile. Anombala womhlaba, apendwe ngamabala emabula umzimba wonke. Akucaci ukuthi ubukeka kanjani, noma inyoka, noma i-eel. Ikhula kancane ukudlula imitha ubude futhi isisindo esingu-2 kg.
Isikhumba senhlanzi siyashelela futhi asimboziwe nakancane ngezikali. Weza kithi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, futhi akakaze aguquke kusukela lapho. Ukuze ngandlela thile usize ukugcina izinhlobo zazo, kuyadingeka ukudala amachibi okufakelwa ukuzalanisa.
Iroll roll
Iningi lezinhlobo zazo zihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeMelika. Futhi kuphela eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye yekhulu elidlule, yabonwa okokuqala emanzini aseRussia. Uhlala echibini lamanzi ajulile eChukotka.
Le nhlanzi incane ngosayizi futhi ayinesisindo esingeqile kwamakhulu amabili amagremu eneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Isibalo salezi zinhlanzi asaziwa. Encwadini Ebomvu, kungokwesigaba sesithathu sokulawulwa okukhethekile.
I-Russian bastard
Indawo ehlala kuyo yimifula emikhulu efana neDnieper, iDniester, iSouthern Bug, iDon, iVolga. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ezikoleni, ezindaweni ezinomsinga omkhulu, yingakho igama - lisheshayo. Zibhukuda cishe ebusweni bamanzi, zidla izinambuzane ezincane ezahlukahlukene.
Ngeminyaka emibili ubudala, bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili. Kule minyaka yobudala, izinhlanzi zifinyelela kumasentimitha amahlanu ngosayizi, futhi isisindo sazo singaphezudlwana kuka-6 amagremu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinhlanzi azihambeli ndawo. Babeka amaqanda abo ngqo ematsheni.
Kuze kube manje, inani lalezi zinhlanzi alaziwa. Ingulube ye-Russian carp yahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, emuva emashumini amathathu eminyaka edlule.
Impunga yaseYurophu
Lezi zinhlanzi zikhetha ukuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile, abandayo emifula, emachibini nasemifudlaneni. Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba iningi layo lihlala ezindaweni zase-Europe. Namuhla, umfula u-grayling ujwayele kakhulu impilo.
Zihlukile kwezamachibi nemifula ngoba zizala zisencane, zincane ngesisindo nangosayizi. Inani lalo lehle kakhulu ngekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina.
USakhalin sturgeon
Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi olungajwayelekile nolucishe lwaphela. Esikhathini esedlule, le nhlanzi iyisidlakela esasiphila isikhathi eside. Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengamashumi ayisihlanu yokuphila, bakhula baba ngamakhulu amabili amakhilogremu. Esikhathini sethu, naphezu kwakho konke ukuvinjelwa, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni abayeki ukudoba kwabo, babamba kakhulu ama-sturgeon. Ngaphezu kwenyama yabo eyigugu, i-caviar ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlanzini ze-sturgeon.
Kulezi zinsuku, ama-sturgeon awasakhuli abe ngosayizi abakhulu kakhulu. Isisindo esiphezulu senhlanzi endala asikho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayisithupha, futhi zikhula ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ubude.
Ingemuva nezinhlangothi zezinhlanzi zimbozwe ameva azivikelayo ezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye. Futhi esifubeni sayo side kukhona amadevu, kodwa hhayi ngazimbili, efana catfish, kodwa abaningi njengoba abane. Ngosizo lwawo, ama-sturgeon aphenya indawo engaphansi.
Kuze kube manje, ngeshwa, akukho abantu abangaphezu kuka-1000. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokonga lezi zinhlanzi, lokho ngukukhulisa emachibini akhethekile. Kepha lokhu kuyisiqalo esincane. Kuyadingeka ukuxhasa umkhiqizo wabo wemvelo, ukuchaza izindawo ezivikelekile.
Njengoba i-sturgeon iya emifuleni ukuze izale, futhi ngemuva kwalokho intsha eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine yokuqala ikhulela lapho. Kuyadingeka ukuzihlanza ngangokunokwenzeka ngodoti, izingodo, imikhiqizo ehlanjululwe evela ezimbonini nakwezinye izimboni.
Umbuzo, yiziphi izinhlanzi ezibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu, ihlala ivuliwe. Unyaka nonyaka, kuyanda okungeziwe okusha kuyo amagama nezincazelo zezinhlanzi. Futhi ngifuna ukukholelwa ukuthi hhayi lezo zinhlobo kuphela ezanyamalala unomphela ezizonyamalala kuzo. Kepha nezinhlanzi, inani labantu elizosindiswa ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe zokubavikela.
