Lapho lezi zidalwa zivela kwiplanethi yethu, akucaci kahle. Kepha kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka cishe emakhulwini amathathu ezigidi zeminyaka edlule. Amabhungane, abizwa nangokuthi i-coleoptera, ayizinambuzane ezinamaphiko entekenteke, enzelwe ukundiza, avikelwe phezulu yi-elytra eqinile.
Lezi zinhlobo eziphilayo, ngokwezigaba zesimanje, zabiwa endaweni yazo enegama elifanayo. Namuhla zisatshalaliswa ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo emindenini engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili nasezinhlotsheni ezicishe zibe ngama-393, cishe eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zazo ezithathwa njengeziphelile. Kepha ngaphambi kokwethula amabhungane ezinhlobo ezahlukene, kuyadingeka ukubhala uhlu lwazo ezivamile.
Umzimba weColeoptera uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ingaphandle lazo lincane uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izingxenye zekhanda le-capsule, elinezimpondo kulo, izitho zokubona, kanye nokwakheka komlomo kohlobo oluhlafunayo noma oluququdayo oluqondiswe phambili, kwesinye isikhathi lubheke phansi.
Inhloko yamabhungane ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezishiwo zentamo inamathele esifubeni ngokushesha, kokunye ize ikhulele engxenyeni engaphambili. Isigaba sesibili esishiwo uqobo sinezingxenye ezintathu. Futhi emuva, ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke isisu. Imilenze emithathu yalezi zidalwa, eyakhiwe izingxenye ezithile, ivame ukukhula kahle. Izidladla, ekugcineni, zivame ukufakwa ngozipho ababili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zimbozwa ngama-bristles ngezansi.
Ngendlela echazwe ngayo, kuhlelwa amabhungane amadala, kungenjalo abizwa ngokuthi imago. Ukufeza lesi simo, izinambuzane ezinjalo zidlula ezigabeni eziningana zokuthuthuka. Kusuka emasendeni amancane abekiwe, aguquka abe izibungu, okuthi ekubunjweni kwazo kudlule izigaba eziningana, bese kuba yi-pupate bese kuphenduka abantu abadala.
Lezi yizici ezijwayelekile zesakhiwo nokuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kuphila, izidalwa zasendulo ezihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi eplanethi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica nezinye izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Kepha ukwethula konke ukwehluka kwabo, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi wenze uhlu amagama ezinhlobo zebhungane bese unikeza uhlobo ngalunye izici zalo.
Amabhungane aphansi
Lezi zidalwa zingaphansi kwe-suborder ye-coleoptera edlayo futhi zakha umndeni omkhulu ngobuningi bazo, lapho ososayensi bebalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-25 zezinhlobo zodwa, yize kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziphindwe kabili eMhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zitholakala eRussia.
Lawa mabhungane amakhulu kakhulu, ubukhulu bawo obufinyelela ku-6 cm, kepha ingxenye enkulu icishe ibe ngamasentimitha ama-3. Ngombala, amnyama kakhulu, imvamisa anombala wensimbi, kwesinye isikhathi okhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, imibala yalezi zinhlobo ihlukile, njengokuma komzimba wayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zinamaphiko athuthukile, ngakho-ke cishe awandizi, kepha athuthukisa isivinini esikhulu ekusebenzeni.
Ngokuvamile lezi yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke zondla izibungu, izimvemvane, iminenke, ama-slugs, nokudla kwezitshalo okuncane kuphela. Amabhungane aphansi ayazingela ebusuku futhi asebenze ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezinamafu ezinyangeni ezifudumele. Indawo yabo eyinhloko izingqimba ezingenhla zenhlabathi, ezimweni ezingavamile zingabonakala ezihlahleni nakwezinye izitshalo.
Izidlakudla kakhulu yizibhungane ezisemhlabathini ezihlala eYurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi. Bathanda ukuzitika ngesibungu esingasetshenziswanga, futhi ukudla lesi silokazane sokutshalwa kwamasiko kunenzuzo engangabazeki. Ibhungane lomhlabathi onsomi liphinde lidume ngokudla kwalo okuhle, eliwusizo kakhulu.
Umbala oyinhloko wamabhungane anjalo umnyama, kepha nge-purple edging, yingakho ithole igama elibonisiwe. Kodwa ibhungane lesinkwa lithanda ukuququza kahle izinhlamvu ezihlumayo zezitshalo zokusanhlamvu. Ngokwenza lokhu, kubangela umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni, ngenxa yalokhu kubhekwa njengesinambuzane.
Ukushwibeka
Lo mndeni wamabhungane amancane amanzi (ngokwesilinganiso cishe u-6 mm) unezinhlobo ezingamakhulu ambalwa, ikakhulukazi ezihlala emadamini asezindaweni ezishisayo, kepha ama-coleoptera anjalo ayatholakala nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ikakhulukazi emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile eduze nogu loLwandle Olumnyama, eSweden, eNorway, ISpain. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezihlala eRussia.
Amabhungane anjalo, njengalawo angaphambilini, angaphansi kwe-suborder of carnivores futhi adla izilwane ezincane zasemanzini, hhayi nje kuphela aphilayo, kepha futhi afile. Indlela yabo yokugaya ukudla iyathakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba izinqubo eziyinhloko azenzeki ngaphakathi, kodwa ngaphandle komzimba wabo. Ama-Swirls afaka ama-enzyme esilwaneni sawo, ngaleyo ndlela ayiqede, bese emunca kuphela.
Isimo somzimba sezidalwa ezinjalo siyi-oval, i-convex; umbala omnyama kakhulu, ocwebezelayo. Ebusweni bamanzi bahamba ngamandla, ngokushesha, bahlala ngamaqembu, njalo ngaphandle kokuphumula, bechaza imibuthano kanye nemidanso eyindilinga ehola, la mabhungane abizwa ngegama lawo. Futhi nje belindele usongo, bagxumela emanzini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingandiza, njengoba zinikezwe ngokwemvelo izimpiko ezinewebhu, ezikhule kahle. Ngenxa yokungakhathali, lezi zinyoni zamanzi zanikezwa isihloko sababhukudi abashesha kakhulu phakathi kohlobo lwabo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinto ezinjalo zitholakala eMpumalanga ye-Asia, abamele bazo bangakhula babe ngosayizi wamasentimitha amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Izimbungulu
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhungane eRussia okubonakala kakhulu? Ama-ladybugs siwajwayele kusuka ebuntwaneni futhi ajwayelekile hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke. Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezine zalezi zidalwa ziyaziwa, ezihlanganiswe nomndeni wama-ladybirds. Indawo abahlala kuyo iyizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezitshalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zichitha impilo yazo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, ezinye zisensimini nasotshani bemifula.
Abamele i-suborder engaphansi yamabhungane adlayo, lezi zidalwa eziwusizo ezilinganisa cishe u-5 mm zaziwa njengababulali bama-aphid. Bazivikela ezitheni zabo ngokujova ngephunga eliphuzi, elingajabulisi, uketshezi olunobuthi, uhlobo lobisi. Kukholakala ukuthi yilesi sici lapho lezi zinambuzane zethiwa izinkomo.
Imibala yazo ihlale ikhanya. I-Elytra ivamise ukuba nemibala ecebile ebomvu noma ephuzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi iba nsundu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imnyama, futhi ihlotshiswe ngamachashazi, inani nomthunzi wayo ongahluka. Abamele lo mndeni nabo bangabaka izinhlobo zamabhungane ezindizayo.
Ukubhukuda ibhungane
I-Coleoptera engaphansi kwamanzi, ehlala emanzini ajulile amile anezimila eziningi. Kulesi simo sezidalwa ezidliwayo ezinjalo kuhlala kunokudla okuningi, okungukuthi, izidalwa eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zidalwa zikhetha ngisho nezinhlanzi ezincane nama-newt njengezisulu zazo.
Ngendlela, sebebanjiwe, bayakwazi ukuwamunca ngokuminza okumangalisayo nangejubane. Izibungu zamabhungane anjalo nazo ziyingozi kakhulu. Bethula izisulu zokuguliswa yizisulu zabo, ngemigudu abadlulisa kuyo ujusi wokugaya ukudla, bese bancela emuva ukudla okulungele kakade esimweni esigayekile.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhungane anjalo zihlangene emndenini wababhukudi. Omunye wabamele bayo unomzimba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ovundlile, omnyama ngaphezulu, ozungezwe ophuzi emaphethelweni, yingakho lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi "iBordered diving beetle". Imilenze emibili engemuva igcwele izinwele futhi inesimo esifana nesigwedlo.
Futhi umzimba uqobo ufana nomkhumbi-ngwenya ngesakhiwo: uyindilinga, ubushelelezi futhi uyisicaba. Ngakho-ke, imvelo uqobo lwayo yaqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zidalwa, ezingekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-5 ubude, zizizwa zikhululekile entweni yamanzi, zihamba lapho ngomfutho nangamandla. Kepha emhlabathini, izinambuzane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuhamba. Imvamisa zifika ezindaweni eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi ngomoya, zisebenzisa amaphiko azo.
Ibhungane laseColorado
Kwenzekile nje ukuthi izinhlobo ezidliwayo zamabhungane zithathwa njengezilusizo, ngoba zidla izinambuzane ezincane ezivela phakathi kwezinambuzane. Futhi lapho umhlaseli enganeliseki, kuba usizo kakhulu. Vele, ngemuva kwakho konke, sahlulela ngokombono wethu, bantu.
Kodwa izimbali zamabhungane, isibonelo, amalungu omndeni wamacembe, awathandi isintu, ikakhulukazi umuntu omele omunye wawo izinhlobo – I-Colorado amazambane beetle... Iqiniso ngukuthi abantu abadala balezi zinambuzane, kanye nezibungu, badla amaqabunga ezitshalo zeqanda, utamatisi, upelepele onobutha obungasuthiseki, kepha bakhethe imibhede yamazambane ikakhulukazi.
Lezi zinambuzane ezimbi, ezingekho ngaphezu kwesentimitha ngosayizi, ziphenduke zabahlaseli abanonya bezindawo zethu muva nje. Ngokusobala, balethwa eRussia ngokungahleliwe. Laba bantu bakwamanye amazwe bavela eNew World, ngokunembile kusuka eMexico, lapho ekuqaleni babedla khona amaqabunga kagwayi nama-nightshades asendle.
Kamuva, sebezivumelanise nokuzitika ngokutshalwa kwamazambane kwamakholoni, kancane kancane baqala ukusabalala basenyakatho baya e-United States, ikakhulukazi, bayithanda kakhulu eColorado. Kungakho izimbungulu zibizwa kanjalo. Inhloko nesifuba sezinambuzane ezinjalo ziwolintshi ezinamaki amnyama. Umzimba uyacwebezela, uvulekile, umile okweqanda.
I-elytra ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama ende. Njengoba sebelibonile leli bhungane elibi ngezibonakaliso zalo, abalimi kufanele bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi balwe ngamandla nomhlaseli onamandla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amabhungane aseColorado azala ngokushesha.
Futhi ziminzile kangangokuba zicishe zidle ngokuphelele izihlahla zamazambane, hhayi amaqabunga kuphela. Futhi sebechithe yonke into, bavula amaphiko abo futhi bahamba ngokuphepha befuna izindawo ezintsha ezinothe ngokudla, benqoba zonke izindawo ezintsha.
Ibhungane lamazambane mbumbulu
Abafuduki abavela eColorado abachazwe ngenhla yizinhlobo ezizimele emndenini wabo ezingenazo izinhlobo. Kepha emvelweni kukhona amabhungane afana kakhulu nawo, abafowethu abangamawele, umahluko kuphela wokuthi awabangeli monakalo omkhulu kumazambane nezinye izitshalo zensimu.
Ziphinde zondle nge-nightshade, kepha azitshalwa, kodwa ukhula. Kodwa abizwa ngokuthi amazambane mabhungane, amanga kuphela. Ukuthi nje zifana kakhulu nezinambuzane ezimbi zaseMelika esizaziyo, kanye nezibungu zazo. Imibala yezingubo zabo kuphela engakhanyi kangako, kepha ephelile ngokwengeziwe. I-elytra icishe ibe mhlophe, kepha imakwe ngemigqa efanayo yobude obude.
Amabhungane ombazi
Olunye uhlobo lwebhungane elidla imifino seluphenduke izitha ezimbi zesintu. Futhi akumangazi, ngoba laba abagcini ngokuchitha izihlahla zensimu kuphela, kepha futhi ababhubhisi abesabekayo bezakhiwo zokhuni nefenisha, ngoba badla ngokhuni.
Sibala okudume kakhulu izinhlobo zamabhungane ezinkuni, futhi ngikutshele okuningi ngemisebenzi yabo engafanele. Nakhu:
1. Ibhungane elinsundu, eliyilungu lomndeni wamadevu, nalo elathola igama lesidlaliso le-house logack, liyisilokazana okuthiwa yi-technical, ngoba alivamisile ukulimaza izihlahla eziphilayo, kodwa ligawulwa kuphela ligawulwe. Itholakala kuphela ezinkuni ezomile, ezifile, ikakhulukazi ama-conifers. Amabhungane amadala ngokuvamile acishe abe ngu-7 mm noma ngaphezulu ngosayizi. Zinomzimba ongemuva oyindilinga, oyindilinga, uvame ukuba nomthunzi onsundu onsundu, embozwe izinwele ezimile, ezilula ngezansi.
Enkambweni yokuphila kwabo, abathandi bezinkuni abanjalo babeka ama-labyrinths ajikelezayo kuwo, lapho beshiya khona amaqanda abo amade, amhlophe. Lezo zinto ezenziwe ngokhuni lapho kuhlala khona la mabhungane, ngemuva kwesikhashana zimbozwa ngengubo efana nofulawa, bese zingasetshenziswa futhi zibhujiswe;
2. AmaHoods nawo awumndeni wonke wezinambuzane zokhuni. Abamele bayo yizimbungulu, cishe isentimitha elilodwa nohhafu ngosayizi. EYurophu, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zinengaphambili elimnyama nomhlane obomvu.
E-Arabia nase-Afrika, enye yayidume ngokukhethekile: umbala onsundu ngezinqubo eziphumayo zepectoral, ezifana nezimpondo. Umndeni wonke uhlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Iningi labo lihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo;
3. Abamele umndeni odinayo badume ngobubanzi beminyakazo abayenzayo, abathole isiteketiso sabo ngayo. Izinhlobo zezihlahla ezikhanga kakhulu kubo ama-walnut ne-oki. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amabhungane anjalo awondli ngokhuni uqobo, kodwa kwisikhunta sefungal, ukuze kukhule izimo ezivumayo ngenxa yokungena komswakama ongene emonakalweni. Imvamisa, amabhungane abomvu tebhu. Banemizimba emide kakhulu, emincane, engaba ngu-1 cm ubude ngokwesilinganiso;
4. Ukugaya ngomunye umndeni wezinambuzane zokhuni. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lezi yizimbungulu ezibomvu ngokubomvu, ezingekho ngaphezu kwesentimitha ngosayizi ngezimpondo ezifana nekama. Ziphila ngokudla izinkuni ezifile neziphilayo, kwesinye isikhathi zibanjwa ngokudla nangemithi. Ngenkathi yokuphila, benza imisindo engajwayelekile, efana nokuklanywa kwewashi, lapho umuntu angabona khona ukuhlala kwezivakashi ezingathandeki;
5. Amagxolo amabhungane awumndeni omncane emndenini wezinambuzane. Ingqikithi izinhlobo zamabhungane acishe abe ngu-750 emhlabeni jikelele, naseYurophu - angaphezu kwekhulu. Lezi yizidalwa ezincane ezinsundu ezimnyama, ezinkulu kunazo zonke zifinyelela ku-8 mm ngosayizi, kepha kukhona nezincane kakhulu, ngosayizi wamamilimitha kuphela.
Ziyakwazi ukuthelela izihlahla eziphilayo, ngisho neziqu zamakhambi athile, zingene ngokujulile ezicutshini zazo. Uma ziqala ngokhuni olufile, khona-ke hhayi kuphela ezomile, kepha ngokhuni olumanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo zisabalalisa izinhlamvu zesikhunta, kamuva ezisebenza njengokudla kwezibungu zazo.
Izinto ezinjalo zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, kufaka phakathi naseYurophu. Imvamisa izindimbane zamabhungane ziba yinhlekelele yemvelo yangempela, zibhubhise ngokoqobo konke okwenziwe ngokhuni ezisendleleni yazo.
Kwangathi amabhungane
Lezi zinambuzane ze-coleopteran zikhulu ngokwanele, zifinyelela okungenani ku-2 cm ubude, kwezinye izimo zingaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-3. Zithola igama lazo ekutheni ziyavela futhi ziqala ukundiza ngenkuthalo phakathi naleso sikhathi sonyaka lapho intwasahlobo yemvelo iqhakaza ngombala omuhle, ifudunyezwe ngokukhanya okumnene kwelanga lika-May.
Amabhungane amile okweqanda, anombala obomvu ngokubomvu noma omnyama ngebala, embozwe izinwele, kokunye anombala oluhlaza okotshani, kwesinye isikhathi ane-elytra ephuzi.
Izinambuzane ezinjalo, uma inani lazo likhulu, zingadala ingozi enkulu ezitshalweni nasezitshalweni zasendle, zidle amahlumela azo amancane. Izibungu zazo zinamandla kakhulu futhi zidla ezimpandeni zezihlahla nezihlahla. Kwangathi izinhlobo zebhungane bacishe babe ngama-63. Futhi bonke babumbene ohlotsheni olunamagama afanayo.
Ibhungane lomlilo
Lo mmeli womndeni wamabhungane athambile ubizwa nangokuthi "i-village soft beetle". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingqinamba zomzimba wakhe, ngokungafani nalezo eziku-oda, azilukhuni, kepha zithambile, futhi ziyi-elytra ebuthaka eguquguqukayo. Ukube bekungengenxa yezinto ezinobuthi ezikhishwa yilezi zidalwa, ngabe bekukubi ngabo engutsheni enjalo, okuncane kangako ukuzivikela ezitheni eziqaphile.
La mabhungane anomzimba ovulekile, ongafika ku-2 cm ngosayizi, ohlonyiswe ngaphambili ngezimpondo ze-filiform ezihlukanisiwe. Banombala womlilo, okungukuthi, umbala lapho amathoni amnyama ahlanganiswe ngokungafani ngokuqhamuka nemibala ekhanyayo ebomvu.
Lezi yizilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela inyamazane encane, ziyibulale ngosizo lokulunywa okunobuthi okunamandla futhi ziyimunce. Futhi njengoba lezi zidalwa ziyizilwane ezidla inyama eziyingozi, ziba usizo kubantu. Futhi abalimi bazama ukuheha izinambuzane ezinjalo ezindaweni zabo. Izicishamlilo zibhubhisa amabhungane amaqabunga, amacimbi, ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane.
Inkomo ebulalayo
Sesivele sishilo ngokwanele izinhlobo zamabhungane amnyama... Amabhungane aphansi, izivunguvungu, amanye amabhungane anezimpondo ezinde no-May mabhungane angaba nalo mbala. Futhi ngisho nebhungane lomlilo elisanda kuchazwa linezindawo ezimnyama eziningi ngubo yalo.
Kodwa bambalwa abantu ababona umbala omnyama wezinambuzane. Noma kunjalo, kunjalo.Lolu uhlobo lwe-ladybird yase-Asia. Kungabonakala ukuthi kumnyama, kuhlotshiswe ngamachashazi abomvu, futhi kungaba ophuzi-olintshi onamabala amaningi amnyama ansundu.
Izidalwa ezinjalo zivamise ukuba nkulu kunezinye izihlobo zezinkomo, cishe ngo-7 mm ngosayizi. Banikezwa isidlaliso izinkomo zokubulala, ngoba endaweni yezinambuzane ziyizilwane ezimbi futhi ezinganeliseki. Sesivele sikuqaphelile lokho kudla inyama izinhlobo zamabhunganezivame ukuba usizo.
Futhi lapha singacabanga ukuthi lapho umhlaseli esebenza kakhulu, kulapho enza khona umsebenzi wakhe kubantu. AbaseMelika babecabanga okufanayo cishe ngekota yekhulu leminyaka edlule. Kepha babenephutha, ngokuletha i-ladybird yase-Asia emazweni abo, ngethemba lokuthi izoba ngumqedeli ophumelelayo we-midges ecasulayo nezintwala.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izinkomo ezinjalo, ezibizwa nge- "harlequin", ngaphezu kwezinambuzane eziyingozi, zidla abafo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinkomo, eziwusizo kakhulu futhi eziwusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zilimaza amagilebhisi namajikijolo. Manje, ngokubona iphutha labo, balwa nabo, noma kunjalo, akusizi ngalutho, ngoba izinhlobo eziyingozi zisakazeka kakhulu.
Amazwe aseYurophu asevele ehlupheka ngakho, ikakhulukazi iBelgium, iFrance, iHolland. Ebusika, abase-Asiya bakhuphukela ezindlini zabantu, kubangele ukungezwani komzimba kubanikazi. Futhi izindlela ezithembekile zokulwa nezinkomo ezibulalayo azikasungulwa.
I-Hercules beetle
Lesi sakhamuzi saseNew World, ikakhulukazi amahlathi emvula aseziqhingini zaseCaribbean, kanye nezindawo eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yezwekazi laseMelika, sidume ngamapharamitha asobala. Kwakungenxa yokubonga kubo ukuthi waba ngumnikazi werekhodi ngosayizi phakathi kwamabhungane emhlabeni. Ubungako bayo emkhawulweni bungafika ku-17 cm Cabanga nje, kuphela amaphiko ayo amakhulu akwazi ukuzihlukanisa nobude obungu-22 cm.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka kwebhungane likaHercules akujwayelekile kakhulu. Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba imnyama futhi iyacwebezela. Inhloko yamadoda ihlotshiswe ngophondo olukhulu, oluqonde phambili, oluhlonyiswe ngamazinyo.
Kukhona neyesibili, encane, etholakala ngezansi futhi iphuma kwi-pronotum. Umzimba webhungane unoboya obuncane, kepha uhlaza olunjalo aluvamile, lubomvu ngombala. Ama-Elytra anemibala ehlukahlukene: umnqumo, ophuzi, onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi mpunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ibhungane alinalo igama lalo nje kuphela ngosayizi ovelele, linamandla amakhulu. Kepha imidondoshiya ayinabungozi ngokwanele kwabanye abantu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, badla amagxolo afile okhuni, amaqabunga awile, izithelo ezibolile kancane nokunye okungokwemvelo okwenze izinguquko, okusiza imvelo.
Amabhungane adinga izimpondo zokulwa nohlobo lwawo, ngoba maqondana namanye amaHercules alwa kakhulu. Balwela imikhakha yethonya, ukuthola indawo ebusosheni bezenhlalo, kepha ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Futhi empini yabokugcina, bayakwazi ukukhubaza kakhulu futhi babulale izimbangi.
Ibhungane likaGoliyati
Iyaqhubeka nokuchaza izinhlobo zamabhungane amakhulu, kubalulekile ukusho lesi sinambuzane sase-Afrika. Ubukhulu balezi zidalwa buncane kunalokho kwamaqhawe angaphambilini, ubude bawo obulinganiselwa cishe buyi-10 cm.Nokho, phakathi kwamabhungane esikalini somhlaba wonke, asohlwini lwabashisekeli ngesisindo, afinyelela ku-100 g.
Umbala wamabhungane anjalo umnyama kakhulu, uhlotshiswe ngephethini emhlophe eyinkimbinkimbi, kunezinhlobo ezinsundu ezimpunga ngephethini emnyama. I-coleoptera enjalo ichitha iningi lezimpilo zayo emoyeni. Ziphila ngokudla izithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile, impova kanye nobisi lwezihlahla.
Lolu hlobo lwamabhungane lunezinhlobo ezinhlanu futhi luhlobene kakhulu namabhungane kaMay. Okuwukuphela kwesitha esikhulu sezinambuzane ezinhle kangaka emvelweni ngumuntu. Futhi ingozi enkulu ukuthi kungenzeka ube seqoqweni lesazi sezinambuzane.
Ibhungane lendlovu
Esinye isigebenga, esikhula ezimeni ezikhethekile kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-12. Umzimba wezidalwa ezinjalo umnyama kakhulu, kepha umthunzi onsundu wombala wazo ukhashelwa yizinwele zombala okhonjisiwe. Kwabesilisa, uphondo olukhulu, olugobile phezulu, olumnyama lukhula kusuka enhloko kuya phambili. Kwabanye, kubukeka njengamazinyo endlovu, yingakho ibhungane lanikezwa igama elifanayo.
Isakhamuzi sasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, esihlala emahlathini aseVenezuela naseMexico. Naphezu kobukhulu bazo, izinambuzane ezinjalo zindiza kahle. Zondla cishe ngendlela efanayo neyabafowethu abakhulu bangaphambilini. Ngendlela, womathathu lawa magebethi angabomndeni wama-lamellar.
Ibhungane
Ukubukeka kwebhungane, okuyisikhathi sesifikile ukwethula, naso asijwayelekile, futhi ubukhulu baso bukhulu. Kuyiqiniso, le nyamazana yezinambuzane isivele ifakiwe komunye umndeni, obizwa nge- "stag". Leli gama alivelanga ngengozi, ngoba isici esivelele kunazo zonke ekubukekeni kwensudu yexhama yizimpondo ezinkulu kakhulu, njengendluzele.
Ubukhulu bala ma-coleopterans bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-9. Lokhu akudonsi irekhodi lomhlaba, kepha izinambuzane ezinemingcele enjalo zingasho ukuthi zingezokuqala esilinganisweni saseYurophu. Zitholakala eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Afrika, zihlala emahlathini, ngakho-ke ukusika izihlahla kuthinta kakhulu inani labantu babo.
Izibungu zebhungane zikhula phezu kwezinkuni ezifile, okusebenza njengokudla kwazo. Kepha ngokungafani nezinambuzane zokhuni, banesithakazelo kuphela kwiziphunzi ezibolile, iziqu kanye namagatsha. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukulimala emsebenzini wabo obalulekile.
Izinkanyamba
Abamele lo mndeni omkhulu ngamabhungane asebusuku. Zinesici esithandekayo ngoba ziyakhanya ebumnyameni. Futhi isizathu salokhu ukusabela okwenziwe nge-oxidative ezithweni ezisezansi kwesisu sezinambuzane futhi ezibizwa ngezibani, kwesinye isikhathi zivame emzimbeni wonke.
Izibonakaliso zangaphakathi ezikhanyayo nazo zibandakanyekile ekukhanyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ilawulwa imizwa ye-cerebral nerve. Izicishamlilo azikwazi kuphela "ukukhanyisa" futhi "ukucisha", kodwa ngokwazo zizolungisa ukukhanya kwama "bulbs" azo.
Ngakho-ke, bamaka indawo yabo, besabisa izitha, babize abalingani bobulili, balethe izifiso nezinhloso zabo ezihlotsheni zabo. Izimpawu zokukhanya zingaba luhlaza, zibomvu, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi imvamisa yabo incike kakhulu kuzimpawu zomuntu ngamunye nezinhlobo, kanye nemingcele yezemvelo.
Kokunye, iziqiwi zifana nokwakheka kwamanye amabhungane. Zinomzimba o-oblong, flat, onoboya, onsundu, onsundu noma omnyama ngombala; amaphiko wethenda aphezulu wokuvikela nawaphansi, okwenza kube lula ukundiza; ikama, elakhiwa izingxenye, izimpondo; amehlo amakhulu; uhlobo oludumbayo lokwakheka komlomo, olu-atrophied kubantu abadala, ngoba aludli lutho, ngokungafani nezibungu.
Kepha kukhona okuhlukile, ngoba abesifazane bezinhlobo ezithile ngokubukeka bafana nezibungu ezimnyama nsundu, ezingenamaphiko futhi ezinemilenze eyisithupha. Ekuphetheni, qaphela ukuthi okwethulwe izinhlobo zamabhungane (esithombeni ungabona ukuthi zibukeka kanjani) ziyingxenye encane kuphela yalabo abakhona emvelweni.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-coleoptera isakazeke kakhulu futhi inqwaba emhlabeni wonke kangangokuba nososayensi uqobo kabazi nhlobo ngenani lohlobo lwabo emvelweni. Singacabanga nje ukuthi akuwona wonke avulekile, futhi amaningi awo awakachazwa.
