Inambuzane evela ku-hemiptera enegama elihle, imbungulu yemabula iyingozi enkulu kubalimi basemaphandleni. Ungumholi ekubekweni kwezinambuzane embonini yezitshalo ezweni lethu. Imiyalezo mayelana nokubukeka kwakhe ifana nemibiko engaphambili enolwazi mayelana nokungena kwesitha ezifundeni ezintsha. Igama eligcwele lomfokazi ngu imbungulu yemabula ensundu.
Incazelo nezici
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-bug yezihlangu, olufana nezinambuzane zohlobo lwalo. Umzimba obumbeke njengepheya kancane u-11-17 mm ubude. Umbala wesiphazamisi esithuthukisiwe unombala onsundu noma ompunga.
Amachashazi e-shades ahlukile asakazeke ekhanda nasemuva, lapho "imabula" yesici yayilungiswe egameni le-bug. Uma ukude, ukuguquka kombala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kunethusi, kwezinye izindawo ithinti eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ingaphansi lomzimba lilula kunaphezulu. Amachashaza amnyama ampunga akhona. Imilenze insundu ngemivimbo emhlophe. I-Antennae, ngokungafani nezihlobo, ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo elula. Ingxenye ye-webbed ye-forewing imakwe ngemivimbo emnyama.
Njengezinye izimbungulu zenqwaba ye-hemiptera, ummeleli wemabula wohlobo ukhipha iphunga elibi. Iphunga elinukayo lidlulisa "ukunambitheka" kwe-skunk, inhlanganisela yenjoloba eshisiwe, i-cilantro. Ukuvela kwesivakashi kuzwakala ngokushesha, kunzima ukungakuthinti. Umphumela onukayo wenzelwe ukuvikela isinambuzane ezinyonini zezilwane nezilwane.
Phakathi kwabalimi bezilimo nabalimi bamaloli, bambiza ngalokho - isinambuzane esinukayo. Izindlala ezikhiqiza into evikelayo zitholakala ezansi kwesifuba, esiswini. Isinambuzane esithanda ukushisa sizwa kahle lapho umoya ufudunyezwa usuka ku-15 ° C uye ku-33 ° C. Imvelo ekhululekile kahle ishisa ngo-20-25 ° C.
Isibungu seMarble Kuyinkinga enkulu kubalimi. Inambuzane ibhubhisa izitshalo, izithelo, izitshalo eziningi ezitshaliwe. Indawo yokuhlala yezimbungulu eziminzile iyanda njalo. Imvelaphi yezimbungulu eziyisihlangu eziyingozi ihlotshaniswa nesifunda seNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (iVietnam, iChina, iJapan), lapho yaqoshwa khona okokuqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 eyedlule.
Kwabe sekulethwa imbungulu eMelika, eYurophu, yasatshalaliswa eGeorgia, eTurkey, e-Abkhazia, yangena eRussia. Kuyamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi owokufika kulethwe nezimpahla zezithelo ezisawolintshi. Ukutheleka okukhulu kwezinambuzane kuyingozi enkulu ezifundeni zezolimo. Isiphazamisi esimnyama semabula sisohlwini oluhlanganisiwe lwezinto ezihlukanisayo, ezivunywe yiKhomishini ye-Eurasian ngo-2016.
Umfuduki waqala ukuhlola izifunda eziseningizimu yeRussia eminyakeni engu-3-4 edlule. Izakhamizi zezifunda eziseningizimu yezwe lethu zahlangabezana nohambo olukhulu lokuya emakhaya nasezindlini ezingaphandle lapho kufika ikwindla 2017.
Ngakho-ke, imbumbulu yemabula e-Abkhazia kubhubhise ngaphezu kwengxenye yesitshalo se-tangerine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane zitholwe yizakhamizi ezisemaphethelweni eSochi naseNovorossiysk.
Kwavela ukuthi isivakashi esiyingozi siyingozi hhayi kuphela ekuvuneni, kepha futhi sisongela umuntu uqobo. Ukulunywa yi-bug kuyazwela kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ukubonakala kwe-edema, ukulunywa, nezinye izimpawu kubangela ukungezwani komzimba.
Kunzima ukumelana nokuhlasela komhlaseli ngenxa yokungazweli kwayo emithini yokubulala izinambuzane. Isinambuzane esinukayo cishe asinazo izitha zemvelo, ngaphandle komnyovu oyi-parasitic ohlala eChina nase Japan. Into anentshisekelo yayo ngamaqanda ezinambuzane. Kepha njengoba inkathazo uqobo ingangeneki, ukulahleka okuncane kwenzalo akukuthinti ukusabalala kwayo kuwo wonke amazwekazi.
Ukulwa nesinambuzane semabula kuthola umfutho kuphela. Ukusakazeka kabanzi kwezinambuzane sekuvele kudale umonakalo emnothweni wase-US, lapho lesi silokazane sabizwa ngokuthi yiMelika. Ososayensi bakha izindlela zokubhubhisa isihlava esinonya.
Izinhlobo
Imbungulu yemabula ensundu ukuphela komuntu omele isikhundla sayo ku-taxonomy yezinto eziphilayo. Akunzima kochwepheshe ukukhomba isinambuzane. Kepha ezindaweni zokusatshalaliswa kwayo, kukhona izimbungulu-shit bugs, ezifanayo ngosayizi, ukuma komzimba, umbala.
Umehluko unganqunywa ngokufunda izinambuzane usebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa enokukhulisa okungu-5-10x noma ngokuqhathanisa, njenge imabula bug esithombeni ihlukile ezindlini ezivamile zasemakhaya zasehlobo.
Isihlava somuthi. Luhlaza ehlobo ngekwindla, isinambuzane siphenduka sibe nsundu ngokufihla emaqabunga awile. Akulethi umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni ezilinyiwe.
UNezara uluhlaza okotshani. Imbungulu eluhlaza yemifino enolwelwesi olusobala. Ngekwindla kushintsha umbala ube yithusi. Inhloko ne-pronotum kwesinye isikhathi kunsundu ngokukhanyayo.
I-Berry shield bug. Umbala ushintshela kumbala wamahlamvu aseduze: kusuka kokusobala ngokubomvu kuya koku nsundu. Izinhlangothi, izimpondo zimakwe ngemivimbo emnyama nephuzi. Akusongeli isivuno.
Ngaphandle kokufana okubonakalayo, kunokwehluka okuphawulekayo okubalulekile ukunaka:
- umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwesiphazamisi semabula umbala wezimpondo: ingxenye yokugcina imnyama ngesisekelo esimhlophe, ingxenye eyandulela eyokugcina imnyama ngesisekelo esimhlophe nesihlokwana. Le nhlanganisela ayitholakali kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene;
- ubukhulu bezimbungulu eziningi bungaphansi kuka-1 cm - inkathazo yemabula inkulu.
- ukwakheka komzimba kwezimbungulu "ezejwayelekile" kuyizindimbane ukwedlula lokho komfokazi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kombala ngamunye wezimpondo, ubukhulu, nokuma kwe-clypeus kwenza sikwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokungangabazeki uhlobo lwembungulu yemabula ensundu.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ubungqabavu besinambuzane esimnyama semabula bususelwa ekungathobekini kwalesi sinambuzane endaweni esihlala kuyo. Lesi sinambuzane sitholakala emgwaqweni, ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene, amagumbi angaphansi komhlaba, amapulazi, izakhiwo zokuhlala, imingxuma yezilwane, izidleke zezinyoni. Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi akuvinjelwa umswakama ophezulu, imvelo eshisayo.
Ekupheleni kwesizini yezolimo, izimbungulu zivame ukungena emizini yabantu efudumele, zithole indawo yokuhlala ezindlini ezingaphansi, emashejini, lapho zingena khona ngemifantu, ngemigodi. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, abantu babheka ngokukhethekile izindawo zasebusika. Akuvamile ukuthi umnikazi athole izinkulungwane zezimbungulu zemabula emagcekeni egceke.
Izinambuzane zilala ngaphansi kohlangothi, zivale izikhala zokubopha. Isigaba sasebusika sezimbungulu asenzi lutho - azondli, azizali ngalesi sikhathi. Yize izinambuzane ezingene emagcekeni ngephutha zibona ukushisa ukufika kwentwasahlobo, zihlangana zizungeze amalambu nemithombo yokushisa.
Ngaphezu kokungaphatheki kahle kobuhle, umthelela ongaba khona wezimbungulu kubantu uyethusa. Kunephunga elaziwayo elinyanyekayo elenziwa izinambuzane ukuze livikeleke. Into ekhishwe ingabhebhethekisa ukungezwani komzimba.
Umbuzo, kunokuba ubuthi bugcwala ngemabula, iba efanele kakhulu. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, izinambuzane zivunwa ngesandla; amakhemikhali kanye nezinto eziphilayo zisetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Entwasahlobo, umsebenzi wezinambuzane uvuka ufuna ukudla, ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo. Ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane kuqeda izitshalo zemikhakha eminingi, kuqeda izihlahla zezithelo, okucekela phansi isivuno. Ngaphezu kokulimala okuqondile, i-bug-marbled bug iyisifo sezifo ze-phytoplasmic ezithinta izitshalo eziningi.
Umonakalo ubonakala ikakhulukazi kwizithelo zemifino kanye nemifino. Isikhumba se-fetus, esihlatshwe yi-proboscis yegciwane, sivula indlela yokwakhiwa kwezinqubo ze-necrotic. Izinguquko zesakhiwo ziyaqala, konakalisa ukubukeka nokunambitheka kwesithelo.
Intuthuko iyama - izithelo ezingavuthiwe ziyawa, izinhlamvu ze-hazelnut zilenga esihlahleni zingenalutho, ukubola kuthinta amagilebhisi. I-bug ayigodli okusanhlamvu, imidumba, izitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Susa isinambuzane semabula kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezibungu, basebenzisa indlela yokuxubha izinambuzane zibe izambulela noma indwangu ejwayelekile. Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ukuhlolwa okubukwayo nokusetshenziswa kwamanetha entomological kuyenziwa.
Isicupho seMarble bug ngokususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwepheromone kusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokutshala. Ukwanda kwesibalo sezinambuzane kusiphoqa ukuthi sihlale sibheka izindlela ezintsha zemiphumela yebhayoloji, yamakhemikhali kumbungulu oyingozi wesihlangu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-brown-marbled bush bug i-omnivorous. Entwasahlobo ukhangwa amahlumela amancane cishe zonke izitshalo zensimu. Isinambuzane sondla izitshalo ezifanayo ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula kwaso. Isibungu ne-imago bahlaba izicubu zangaphandle zamaqabunga, izithelo, badonsa ubisi obalulekile.
Ezihlahleni zezithelo ezindaweni lapho kuthinteka khona izimbungulu, kwakhiwa i-necrosis, indawo yeziqu imbozwe ngamaqhubu, futhi kwakheka izicubu zezifo, ezifana noboya bekotini ngokungaguquguquki. Izithelo, ukungabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukubola, ziyawa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo, imifino, izithelo ezisawolintshi kulahlekile.
Ezweni lakubo imbungulu yemabula ensundu, e-Southeast Asia, ochwepheshe baye babala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezitshalo ezihlaselwa yizinambuzane eziyingozi. Phakathi kwabo, imifino ejwayelekile ihlaselwa yisiphazamisi: utamatisi, upelepele, i-zucchini, ukhukhamba.
Izinambuzane zidla amapheya, ama-apula, amabhilikosi, ama-cherries, amapentshisi, amakhiwane, iminqumo, ama-persimmon, ummbila, ibhali, nokolweni.
Isinambuzane sondla imidumba: uphizi, ubhontshisi, awugodli amakhaya, izithelo zamatshe, namajikijolo. Ukudla kwezimbungulu kufaka izinhlobo zezinhlobo zehlathi: umlotha, i-oki, imephu, ama-hazelnut. IMarble bug eSochi, Ngokwezibalo zabalimi bendawo, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-32 zalimala e-Abkhazia. Ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukutshala kwensimu, izinambuzane ziyasinda, zithuthuke ngokudla okuvela kukhula.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Esimweni sezulu esishisayo esishisayo, kuphela ngoNovemba, ukuzala okunamandla kwezimbungulu kuyancipha, lapho abadala bengena ebusika. Izinambuzane zivundile ngokungavamile - izizukulwane ezintathu zezinambuzane zivela phakathi nenkathi:
- isizukulwane sokuqala sivela ngoMeyi siye phakathi noJuni;
- owesibili - kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu kaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti;
- esesithathu - kusuka eshumini lokuqala lika-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Izibungu zidlula ezigabeni ezinhlanu zokukhula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenkathi yokukhula bashintsha umbala, okwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye ukukhomba lesi sinambuzane.
- Esigabeni sokuqala, izibungu zibomvu noma okukhanyayo okusawolintshi, ngalinye ubude balo bungu-2.4 mm.
- Esigabeni sesibili, umbala ucishe ube mnyama.
- Isigaba sesithathu nesilandelayo simakwe yizibungu ezimhlophe nsundu.
Ububanzi bukhuphukela ku-12 mm. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezimbungulu ngo-2017 kwephule wonke amarekhodi - esikhundleni sokuhlangana okuthathu ngesizini ngayinye, ososayensi baqopha eziyisithupha, okwaba yisizathu sokuxoxa nge-bio-sabotage ezingeni elisemthethweni.
Abamele iRosselkhoznadzor sebewaphawulile amaqiniso wokungeniswa kwamagciwane ayingozi eRussia, okubangela ukutheleleka ngezinga elingakaze libonwe. Umsebenzi osazolandela, ngokutadisha i-DNA yesiphazamisi esinsundu semabula, ukwakha izindlela zebhayoloji zokwehlisa inani labantu. Kuyisiko ukugcina ingcebo nokwehluka komhlaba ophilayo. Kodwa ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo ibaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuze kulondolozwe izitshalo nezilwane ezichumayo. Ngendlela, uma udinga ukufaka ushevu izimbungulu, khona-ke leli sayithi lizokusiza.
