Onogwaja banesistimu yokugaya ukudla eyenziwe kahle kakhulu, ngenxa yezici zokudla okunempilo kwesilwane esinjalo. Isisekelo sokudla, njengomthetho, simelelwa yi-roughage, ecebile kakhulu ku-fiber, ngakho-ke, ukugaya ukudla okunzima okunjalo kudinga ukucubungulwa okugcwele kwamajusi esisu.
Amaqembu okudla konogwaja
Isilwane esincelisayo esivela emndenini wonogwaja akufanele silambe... Ukondla okunganele noma okungafanele kungabangeli kuphela ukwehla kwezinqubo zokukhula nezifo, kepha futhi kungasusa ukufa kwesilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukucaciswa kokugaywa konogwaja kuyisisu esithuthuke kabi esiswini nasemathunjini, ngakho-ke, konke ukudla kuhamba ngaphakathi kwendlela yokugaya hhayi ngemisipha, kepha kudlulela ngenxenye entsha yokuphakelayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezine ezinkulu zokuphakelwa konogwaja, ezenza kube lula ukunikeza isilwane umsoco ophelele futhi olinganiselayo: amaqhafuqhafu, okuluhlaza, okugxile nokuphakelayo okunamanzi. Ukudla okuluhlaza kusetshenziswa kakhulu esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, futhi kungethulwa:
- amakhambi asendle;
- okusanhlamvu okutshaliwe, imidumba nemidumba;
- iziqongo zemifino, kufaka phakathi ingxenye esemoyeni ye-artichoke yaseJerusalema, itheniphu, itheniphu, ushukela kanye nama-beet wefolishi;
- iklabishi lokuklaba.
Kungcono ukubeka eceleni izindawo lapho kutshalwa khona i-clover, i-alfalfa, i-lupine, i-vetch, i-oats, i-rye yasebusika, ibhali nommbila. Okusanhlamvu, imidumba nemidumba nezinhlayiya kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, kanye namavithamini namaminerali.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba umkhuba wokufuya konogwaja ukhombisa, ukunikezwa kokudla okuluhlaza kufanele kwenziwe ngemixube, okuzonciphisa ubungozi bokubamba umoya onogwaja. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iziqongo zikatamatisi ziphikisana ngokweqile kunogwaja, futhi iziqongo zamazambane zingasetshenziswa, kepha ngokucophelela okukhulu. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi iziqongqolo zebhitrudi zinomphumela we-laxative, ngakho-ke inani lalo osayizi obuluhlaza kufanele libe lincane.
Okungabalulekanga kangako ekugayweni kahle kwe-roughage, okufanele kube yingxenye yesine yokudla.... Lesi sigaba sifaka phakathi amagatsha e-hay nawesihlahla, okumele avunwe entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kanye nokudla kotshani. Utshani obenziwa ngotshani bufakwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, bese busomiswa kuqala ngaphansi kwelanga, bese buba ngaphansi kombhede onomoya. Udinga ukugcina i-roughage emakamelweni owomile, kufulethi elikhethekile lokhuni. Okuphakelayo kwegatsha:
- amagatsha e-linden;
- amagatsha e-maple;
- amagatsha omnyezane;
- amagatsha omnyezane;
- amagatsha omtholo;
- amagatsha e-poplar;
- amagatsha e-rowan;
- amagatsha e-aspen;
- amagatsha omlotha;
- amagatsha e-elm;
- amagatsha e-oki;
- amagatsha e-lilac;
- amagatsha ama-apula;
- amagatsha okusajingijolo;
- amagatsha eliphakathi kwe;
- hazel.
Ngamanani amancane, kuvunyelwe ukondla amagatsha e-birch, iplamu, i-cherry kanye ne-sweet cherry. Amagatsha avela ezitshalweni ezinjenge-bird cherry, i-elderberry, i-wolf bast, i-apricot, i-buckthorn ne-rosemary yasendle ayifanelekile ngokweqile. Ebusika, ukudla kudalwa ngamagatsha amasha ama-conifers.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe izitshalo ezinomsoco kanye nesilage, kufaka phakathi ikhabe, ithanga, iklabishi, amazambane, izaqathe, i-kuuziku, ama-beet kanye ne-squash. Noma ikuphi ukudla okunamanzi kudliwa kahle kakhulu onogwaja futhi kucishe kugayeke ngokuphelele. Isilage ephelele futhi enomsoco kakhulu imelwe yingxube esuselwa kubhitruthi, izaqathe kanye neklabishi lefolishi, ngokufakwa iziqongo.
Okuphakelayo okugxile, okumelwe okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, ukusikeka, isidlo, ikhekhe, ukudla okuxubile nokuphakelwa kwezilwane, kunenani lokudla okunempilo kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kunenani lamandla aphezulu ngenxa yevolumu enkulu yamaprotheni kanye nenani eliphansi lamanzi. Izitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zibandakanya i-oats, ummbila, ibhali, ukolweni, amabele nerye, kanye nophizi, udali, ubhontshisi kanye nosoya. Ama-oats anikezwa aphelele, achotshoziwe noma agoqiwe. Ukolweni, amabele, irye nebhali kucindezelwa kuqala kuhlanganiswe nokunye ukudla. Inani likakolweni kufanele lilinganiselwe.
Amavithamini abalulekile namaminerali
Njengomthetho, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali kubonakala kunogwaja ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.... Kunezindawo eziningana zamavithamini nezamaminerali ezisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngabalimi bologwaja:
- "I-Chiktonik" - ifaka cishe amavithamini ayishumi nambili nama-amino acid ayisisekelo. Isidakamizwa sinikezwa ngezifundo zezinsuku ezinhlanu, njalo ngenyanga, ngesilinganiso se-1 ml ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi ahlanzekile;
- "I-Prodevit" iyinkimbinkimbi yamavithamini eyenzelwe izilwane ezibuthakathaka eziphethwe izilonda, ama-rickets, izifo zesibindi, kanye nezifo zezinambuzane. Isidakamizwa sitholakala ngesimo somjovo nokuphathwa ngomlomo;
- "I-E-Selenium" yisidakamizwa esenzelwe ukulungiswa kwezifo zokukhula nokukhula, ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukwelashwa kobuthi nezinye izifo. Kutholakala ngendlela ejojelwayo nangomlomo.
Izengezo zamaminerali ezethulwe ngamatshe amaminerali uChika noKarli bazibonakalise kahle kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa futhi i- "Bio-iron", enezelwa ngama-microelements ayisisekelo, kanye ne-vitamin ne-mineral supplement "Ushastik".
Yini futhi kanjani ukondla unogwaja ehlobo
Ukondla ehlobo kuhluke kakhulu ekudleni okuyisisekelo ebusika. Isici inani eliphakeme lokuphakelayo okuluhlaza namanzi:
- onogwaja abakhuluphele banikezwa utshani obungu-700g no-70g wokudla okugxilile;
- abesilisa nabesifazane abaseholidini banikezwa u-700g wotshani kanye no-30g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- abesilisa abakhwelayo banikezwa u-800g wotshani kanye no-40g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- onogwaja abasikiwe banikezwa utshani obungu-800g no-50g wokudla okugxilile;
- onogwaja abasha be-feline banikezwa u-900g wotshani kanye no-50g wokudla okugxile;
- onogwaja abancelisayo banikezwa u-1200 g wotshani kanye no-70 g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- intsha enonyaka owodwa noma emibili inikezwa utshani obungu-300g no-20g wokudla okugxilile;
- izilwane ezisencane ezineminyaka emithathu kuya kwezine ubudala zinikezwa u-500 g wotshani kanye no-45 g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- izilwane ezincane ezineminyaka emihlanu kuya kweziyisithupha zinikezwa u-600 g wotshani kanye no-55 g wokuphakelayo okugxile.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho unikeza isigaxa nokudla okunomsoco, inani lotshani lincishiswa ngohafu ncamashi.
Okubalulekile!Utshani kumele bomiswe ngaphambi kokunikeza unogwaja, futhi usawoti ubekwa kahle emakhejini ngendlela yelitje lokukhotha.
Yini futhi kanjani ukondla unogwaja ebusika
Ebusika, ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa inani lokudla okunomsoco, okungenxa yesidingo sokugcina ukudla okulungile esimweni sezulu esineqhwa. Izinga lokuphakelayo liyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka kanye nesimo sikanogwaja:
- abantu abakhuluphele banikezwa u-150 g we-roughage, ama-500 g wezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-80 g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- abesilisa nabesifazane abaseholidini banikezwa u-150 g we-roughage ngesimo se-hay, i-150 g yezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-40 g wokuphakelwa okugxile;
- abesilisa ekuhlanganiseni banikezwa u-150 g we-roughage, 200 g wezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-55 g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- onogwaja abanqunyiwe banikezwa i-180 g ye-roughage, i-200 g yezitshalo zezimpande kanye ne-60 g yokuphakelayo okugxile;
- abesifazane abasha banikezwa ama-250 g we-roughage ngesimo se-hay, ama-300 g wezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-70 g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- Abesifazane abancelisayo banikezwa u-200 g we-roughage, u-400 g wezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-90 g wokuphakelayo okugxile;
- izilwane ezincane ezinenyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili zinikezwa u-50 g we-roughage, 150 g wezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-35 g wokuphakelwa okugxile;
- izilwane ezincane ezineminyaka emithathu kuya kwezine ubudala zinikezwa u-100 g we-roughage, 300 g wezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-55 g wokuphakelwa okugxile;
- intsha enezinyanga ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha inikezwa u-150 g we-roughage, ama-350 g wezitshalo zezimpande kanye no-75 g wokuphakelwa okugxile.
Imikhiqizo yemfucumfucu efana ne-bran, isidlo, ikhekhe kanye nomgubo owomile, kanye namahlumela emithombo anenani eliphakeme lokudla okunempilo nawo afaneleka kakhulu ekuphakeleni ubusika.
Imithetho ejwayelekile yokudla, uhlobo lwemithi
Ukuze unikeze kahle unogwaja ngokudla okwanele, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isilwane esinjalo sinezici ezithile zokugaya ukudla. Uhlobo lokuphakelwa kufanele lulandelwe ngokuqinile, ngoba ukwabiwa kokuphakelayo ngesikhathi esifanele kuphela kunomthelela ekukhiqizeni okulungile kwejusi lesisu. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, unogwaja angafika kokuphakelayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amahlanu ngosuku, ngakho-ke ukudla kuvame ukudliwa yizilwane ezinjalo, kepha ngamanani amancane.
Ukondla inani kanye nesheduli yokondla kuyahlukahluka... Isibonelo, abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, kanye nonogwaja abangaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili, badinga ukondliwa kane ngosuku. Kwanele ukondla ukukhula okutshaliwe kanye nabantu abadala kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Ukudla okulinganiselwa kuye ngeminyaka nesikhathi sonyaka.
Ukudla okuthathu ngosuku ebusika:
- ukunikezwa kokudla kwasekuseni - uhhafu wesilinganiso sansuku zonke sokudla okugxile notshani;
- ukunikezwa kokudla kwansuku zonke - izitshalo zezimpande;
- Ama-Vesper anikeza okuphakelayo - uhhafu wezinga lansuku zonke lokuphakelayo okugxile nengxenye yezinga lefula noma amagatsha.
Ukudla okune ngosuku ebusika:
- ukusuthisa ekuseni - ingxenye eyodwa kokuthathu yesamba sansuku zonke sokudla okugxile nengxenye yesine yenani lesilinganiso sosuku sotshani;
- ukudla kokuqala kokudla kwansuku zonke - ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokudla okuphelele kwansuku zonke kokudla okugxile nengxenye yokudla okuphelele kwansuku zonke kwezitshalo zezimpande;
- ukudla kwesibili kwansuku zonke - isigamu sesilinganiso sezinsuku zonke sezitshalo zezimpande nengxenye yenani lengqikithi yansuku zonke ye-hay;
- ukondla kusihlwa - ikota yenani lansuku zonke lefula kanye nengxenye yesithathu yenani lansuku zonke lokudla okugxile.
Akunandaba ukuthi kunesibalo esingakanani sokuphakelwa, ebusuku, onogwaja kufanele baqiniseke ukubeka inani elanele lokudla kwegatsha kokuphakelayo kwezinyoni.
Ukudla okuthathu ngosuku ehlobo:
- ukuphakelwa kokudla kwasekuseni - isigamu sokudla okuphelele kwansuku zonke kokudla okugxilile kanye nengxenye yesithathu yokudla okuphelele kwansuku zonke kotshani;
- ukunikezwa kokudla kwansuku zonke - ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zokudla okuphelele kwansuku zonke kokudla okuluhlaza;
- ukondla kusihlwa - uhhafu wengqikithi yokudla kwansuku zonke kokudla okugxilile kanye nengxenye yesithathu yokudla okuphelele kwansuku zonke kotshani, ukudla kwegatsha.
Izidlo ezine ngosuku ehlobo:
- ukusuthisa ekuseni - ingxenye eyodwa kokuthathu yokudla okuphekiwe nsuku zonke kokudla okugxilile kanye nengxenye eyodwa kweziyisithupha yenani lansuku zonke lokudla utshani;
- ukudla kokuqala kokudla kwansuku zonke - ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokudla okuphekiwe nsuku zonke kokudla okugxilile kanye nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zokudla okuphelele kosuku kotshani;
- ukondliwa kwesibili kwansuku zonke kokudla - uhhafu wesamba semali esiyizinsuku zonke yotshani;
- ukondla kusihlwa - ingxenye yesithathu yokudla okuphekiwe nsuku zonke kokudla okugxilile kanye nengxenye yesithupha yenani lansuku zonke lokudla utshani, ukudla kwegatsha.
Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokondla okufanele ukutholakala njalo kwamanzi ahlanzekile namasha kulabo abaphuza ikheji.... Amanzi akumele abe yiqhwa ebusika noma ashise kakhulu ehlobo.
Indlela yokukhuluphisa unogwaja
Okokukhuluphisa, kukhethwa izilwane ezincane, iminyaka yazo okuyizinyanga eziyi-2,5, kanye nabantu abadala abahlanganisiwe. Isikhathi sokukhuluphala cishe siyinyanga, kepha singahluka ngokuya ngesimo somzimba sesilwane nobudala baso. Konke ukondla kuqukethe izigaba zokulungiselela, eziyinhloko nezokugcina.
Esigabeni sokuqala, esihlala izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha, ukudla okujwayelekile kuyasekelwa kancane ngokudla okugxile, okumelwe okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe, okusanhlamvu nemidumba, kanye namakhambi. Esigabeni sesibili, esihlala izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, izilwane zondliwa ngokudla okungakhuthaza ukufakwa kwamafutha omzimba. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa amazambane abilisiwe ngokufakwa kokuphakelayo noma ukolweni we-bran, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, uphizi, ifilakisi noma imbewu ye-hemp, i-oats nebhali, ukolweni nekhekhe. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukwethula inani elincane lobisi ekudleni ngalesi sikhathi.
Esigabeni sokugcina, samasonto onke, isifiso sokudla sikhuthazwa ngokungeza i-dill, iparsley kanye nembewu ye-caraway kokuphakelayo. Futhi, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukunikezwa kwe-hay kufanele kukhishwe ngokuphelele futhi inani eliphelele lansuku zonke lokudla okugxile kufanele lenyuswe.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukuzuza ngokushesha kwesisindo kwenziwa lula ngumkhawulo wokuzivocavoca umzimba, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokudla, ikheji lapho isilwane sibekwe khona kufanele lisondele ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukondla onogwaja abakhulisayo nabancelisayo
Kuphela ngokudla okulungile kokondla unogwaja wesifazane nowancelisayo lapho ungathola inzalo esebenzayo, ethuthukile futhi esezingeni eliphakeme. Esigabeni sokuzala, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunamaminerali ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho unogwaja unikezwa igremu elilodwa nohhafu lokudla kwethambo noma ushoki, kanye nogremu kasawoti wetafula nsuku zonke.
Ebusika, isabelo sansuku zonke kufanele sibe no-150-200 g we-hay esezingeni eliphakeme, u-50-60 g wokuphakelayo okugxile kanye no-200-225 g wokuphakelayo okumnandi.... Ehlobo, ukudla kukanogwaja kungaba no-800-1000g wotshani obusha kanye no-40-50g wokuphakelayo okugxile. Akunandaba ukuthi isikhathi sonyaka siphi, unogwaja ngamunye unikezwa cishe u-5-8g wesidlo senyama nethambo noma senhlanzi nakanjani.
Ukukhula okusheshayo nokuthuthuka konogwaja kuchazwa inani eliphakeme lokudla okunomsoco obisini lwabesifazane, ngakho-ke, isilwane esincelisayo kufanele sinikezwe ukondla okwanele. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kuze kube usuku lweshumi nesithupha, abesifazane banikezwa u-1400g wotshani + 40g wokugxila ehlobo, kanti ebusika cishe u-250g we-hay + 300g wokudla okunomsoco + 80g wokudla okugxilile.
Kusukela ngosuku lweshumi nesithupha, ehlobo, i-100g yotshani + 5g wokuphakelwa okugxilile, futhi ebusika u-20g we-hay + 20g wokuphakelwa okunamanzi + 7g wokudla okugxile kunogwaja ngamunye ozelwe.
Ukondla onogwaja abasebasha
Kungakuhle ukutshala onogwaja benenyanga eyodwa nohhafu, okunciphisa ukufa kwezilwane ezisencane. Noma yikuphi okuphakelayo okusha kwethulwa kumthamo futhi kancane kancane. Ukwenza ukuguqulwa kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka, amathonsi ambalwa wamavithamini B oketshezi ayengezwa emanzini okuphuza. Ukudla konogwaja abasha kufanele kwethulwe:
- utshani obomile noma utshani obuphezulu;
- amazambane abilisiwe;
- ithanga noma i-zucchini, izaqathe;
- ubisi olomile;
- amavithamini nezimbiwa izakhiwo ebusika;
- ufulawa wamakhambi;
- ama-oats;
- ukudla okuhlanganisiwe okuswakanyisiwe;
- isidlo sethambo nenhlanzi;
- emuva.
Umphumela omuhle ukwengezwa kokudla kwansuku zonke nezitshalo ezifana ne-chicory, i-chamomile, i-yarrow ne-burdock, kanye nokuphakelwa kwamahlumela... Kusukela eminyakeni eyizinyanga ezine, indlela yokudla ishintshwa kancane ngokunciphisa inani lokudla okuhlanganisiwe. Ebusika, i-10-20% ye-hay, i-55-60% ye-feed feed kanye ne-20-30% yokuphakelayo okumnandi kunikezwa. Ehlobo, ukudla kufanele kube namakhambi omisiwe angama-30-40% kanye nokudla okugxile okungama-60-70%. Kunconywa ukuthi ungeze u-0.5 amagremu kawoyela wezinhlanzi ekudleni nsuku zonke.
Ukondla onogwaja bokuhlobisa
Onogwaja abahlobisayo bangamagundane wangempela, abadinga ukugaywa okuyisibopho kwamazinyo, ngakho-ke, umnikazi wesilwane esinjalo udinga ukuthintwa ngokukhulu ukuziphendulela lapho ekhetha ukudla. Isisekelo sokudla kufanele kube yi-hay notshani. Imikhiqizo enjalo igaywe ngokuphelele yizilwane, ngakho-ke hhayi abadala kuphela, kepha futhi onogwaja abancane kakhulu bangayidla.
Izitshalo zasendle ezifana ne-burdock, i-clover emhlophe, amaqabunga e-dandelion, i-thistle ne-tansy zilungele ukondliwa. Izitshalo kufanele zishintshane, ezinomphumela omuhle ekugayeni kwesilwane.
Ukudla okumnandi kunikezwa onogwaja bokuhlobisa ngendlela ebilisiwe noma eluhlaza. Ngokungeziwe kukherothi, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlukanise ukudla kwesilwane nobhontshisi obuluhlaza, ama-apula, ukhukhamba omusha, ushukela noma i-beetroot, amapheya nophizi oluhlaza.Ukuxuba imifino nezithelo ne-bran noma i-roughage yomhlabathi kunika imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ama-beet kanye neklabishi anikezwa onogwaja ngobuningi obulinganiselwe, kepha isilwane esifuywayo singadla izithelo, imifino, ikhabe kanye nama-melon rinds kokuqukethwe kwezinhliziyo zabo. Ukubaluleka okukhethekile kunamathiselwe kokuphakelayo okugxile, kufaka phakathi i-oats ne-rye, kanye nommbila.
Okokugaya amazinyo, kunikezwa ukudla kwesigaxa noma izinti ezikhethekile zokusanhlamvu ezinezici eziyisisekelo zokulandela umkhondo. Abanikazi abanolwazi kanye nochwepheshe abanemibala yokuhlobisa bancoma ukuthi unake lokhu kudla okulinganiselwe okuphelele okwenziwe ngomumo:
- Imenyu ye-Vitаkraft Vitеl onogwaja;
- Jr Fаrm Аdult ngemvundla emifushane;
- Benelux Funny unogwaja Ssessial Premium;
- UVersele-Laga Сuni Nаrure Rе-Ваlаn ngefomula engasindi;
- i-multicomponent feed JR Fаrm Ukuxubana okusanhlamvu;
- ifolishi nge-coccidiostatic Fiory Karaote.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma usebenzisa okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngomumo, okungenani ama-20% esamba esiphelele sansuku zonke kufanele kube ukudla okunomsoco. Ifula lekhwalithi ephezulu namanzi ahlanzekile kumele atholakale kunogwaja wokuhlobisa ubusuku nemini. Kungakuhle ukondla isilwane esidala nesikhuluphele ngenhlanganisela engenakho okusanhlamvu ngenani eliphezulu le-fiber.
Ongafanele ukondla onogwaja
Onogwaja akufanele bondliwe ukudla okune-asidi, okunosawoti noma okunoshukela, noma utshani obusanda kusikwa, obungadala ukuqumba. Imifino yezimpande kufanele ihlanzeke, ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezonakele. Izitshalo ezifana ne-cicuta, lumbago, lwesinaphi, i-colza, i-foxglove ne-celandine, i-dope ne-euphorbia, kanye ne-colchicum zinobuthi konogwaja.
Imifino efana ne-beet ebomvu neklabishi, kanye namazambane, ingadala uhudo olunzima. Imidumba, amantongomane kanye ne-alfalfa kufanele inikezwe onogwaja ngobuningi obulinganiselwe kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-hay akufanele ivunwe ezindaweni ezingezinhle neze emvelweni, emigwaqeni emikhulu, kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze zamabhizinisi ezimboni. Ukudla okulinganiselayo kuphela nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme kunomthelela ekukhuleni okugcwele nasekuzalweni okusebenzayo konogwaja.
