Idada leMuscovy Idada elikhulu elibukeka limangalisa. Abanye abantu bangaze bathi bayizinyoni ezimbi. Izinhlobo zasekhaya zitholakala njalo emapaki, emapulazini nasemiphakathini. Izinyoni zasendle zivame ukuba namahloni ngabantu futhi zibonakala zindiza ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu ngamanzi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Idada le-Muscovy
Igama lesayensi ledada le-musk nguCairina Moschata. Kukhona nokuhlukaniswa okungaphansi kohlobo oluthile lwasekhaya olwaziwa ngokuthi yiCairina Moschata Domestica. Idada le-muscovy yasendle (Cairina Moschata Sylvestris) empeleni lizalwa eMexico, Central America naseNingizimu Melika. Ibizwa nangokuthi idada elikhulu lezinkuni noma idada lasehlathini. Ngaphambi kokufika kukaColumbus, abantu bomdabu bakule ndawo babekhulisa idada le-muscovy elifuyiwe. Lesi silwane kukhulunywe ngaso emibhalweni ka-Ulysses Aldrovandi, kepha sachazwa ngokwesayensi futhi sabhalwa ku-1758 kuphela nguCarl Linnaeus.
Ividiyo: Idada leMuscovy
Amadada eMuscovy angelinye lamalungu aqine kakhulu omndeni wezinyoni zamanzi. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi makhulu futhi abanzi kunamadada amaningi, abuye apendwe ngezimpaphe ezicwebezelayo ezimnyama nezimhlophe kanye nethanga elibomvu elihlukile. Zineziphethu ezinomzimba ocacile, okuyisiqephu sesikhumba esiphumayo noma esilengayo emakhanda ezinyoni. Cishe ubonile lokhu kukhula kuma-turkeys namaqhude. Lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokubukeka "kobuqili" be-musk duck, basuke bebhekise ekukhuleni kwayo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Idada le-muscovy wesilisa elijwayelekile cishe lilinganiselwa ku-63-83 cm ubude futhi linesisindo esingu-4.5-6.8 kg, kanti owesifazane ojwayelekile ubude obungu-50-63 cm futhi unesisindo esingu-2.7-3.6 kg. Izinhlobo zasekhaya zingakhula ngisho nangaphezulu. Idada lesilisa elisinda kakhulu lafinyelela ku-8 kg.
Amadada amadala emisipha anamaphiko amasentimitha ayi-137 - 152. Lokhu kuphindwe kabili ngobukhulu besitolo esivamile, ngakho-ke kuyahlaba umxhwele uma kunwetshwe ngokuphelele. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi bavame ukwenza iphutha ngamahansi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani idada le-musk
Onke amadada emiski anobuso obubomvu. Ezinye zibomvu ngokugqamile kanti ezinye zithulisiwe ngokubomvu okusawolintshi, kepha zonke zinaso lesi sici. Ngokuqondene nayo yonke eminye imizimba yabo, kungahle kube nokuhlukahluka kombala. Izinhlobo zasendle zivame ukuba mnyama, kanti izinhlobo ezifuywayo zilula ngombala.
Isibonelo, idada lasendle lingaba mnyama bhuqe ngamahlumela abomvu klebhu. Idada le-musk elifuyiwe lingaba mhlophe, nsundu, mpunga, phuzi, noma i-lavender enezimbali ezibomvu ze-neon. Izindlala zikawoyela ekuqiniseni kwedada le-musk zibaluleke kakhulu. Kunemigodi emincane enamafutha ekukhuleni kwabo, futhi lapho bezilungisa, bazokhuhla futhi bagcobe uwoyela phezu kwazo zonke izimpaphe. Lokhu kuyabavikela uma besemanzini.
Amadada eMuscovy avame ukudideka namahansi ngoba awabukeki njengamadada. Aziduli futhi zikhetha izihlahla kunamachibi. Ngokwesayensi, nokho, zingamadada. Kodwa-ke, zehlukile kumadada ajwayelekile echibini langakini. Abantu abaningi bayamangala lapho beqala ukubona idada le-musk linyakazisa umsila.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani bekwenza lokhu:
- uma benza imisindo futhi banyakazisa umsila wabo, bezulazula bezungeza imilenze yakho, khona-ke mhlawumbe bayakhuluma nje;
- uma kukhona amanye amadada e-muscovy aseduze futhi le kuyisikhathi sokukhwelana, ngakho-ke angadonsela ukunaka kwabafuna ukukusiza;
- uma bevuvukala noma behamba ngolaka beya kubantu noma ezilwaneni, bangahle banyakazise imisila yabo ukuze ibonakale inkulu futhi isabeka. Lokhu kukhombisa ukwesatshiswa.
Akukho lucwaningo olwanele ngempilo yamadada ama-musk, kepha ubufakazi be-anecdotal busikisela ukuthi bangaphila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-5 nengu-15. Okuningi kuya ngempilo yabo, imvelo yabo, uhlobo lwabo lokudla kwabo, indlela abadla ngayo, imijikelezo yokuzala kwabo nokuthi umnikazi wabo ukhetha ukudla idada ngesidlo sasemini.
Ihlala kuphi idada le-muscovy?
Isithombe: Idada leMuscovy emvelweni
Amadada eMuscovy adabuka eMzansi naseMelika Ephakathi. Kodwa-ke, ziye zafuywa, zathengwa, zathengiswa futhi zathunyelwa emazweni angaphandle isikhathi eside ukuthi sezingatholakala emapulazini nasemaphoyiseni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngisho nabantu basendle bayaqhamuka ezindaweni ezinjengeMexico, Canada, France nase-United States.
Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamadada, amadada aseMoscow ayathanda ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi. Bangazizwa besekhaya emachibini, emifuleni, emachibini nasezixhaphozini. Ikhwalithi engajwayelekile yamadada e-muscovy ukuthi futhi achitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni. Izilwane zingandiza futhi zibe nezinzipho eziqinile ezenzelwe ukubamba, ngakho-ke zihlala ngokunethezeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamagatsha. Abesifazane baze babe nesidleke ezihlahleni.
Idada le-muscovy lithanda indawo enezimila eziminyene, izihlahla ezindala ezinkulu namanzi - amaxhaphozi, izindawo ezingasogwini, noma ichibi legalufu lendawo lizobakhanga inqobo nje uma lifihla uhlaza oluminyene. Yize bebhukuda, abakwenzi kaningi njengamanye amadada, ngoba izindlala zabo ezikhiqiza uwoyela zincane futhi azithuthuki kahle.
Iningi lamadada e-muscovy abonwa eNyakatho Melika asesigabeni se-barnyard, kepha inani elincane lezinyoni zasendle ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMexico zingavela eRio Grande eningizimu yeTexas.
Idlani imusk duck?
Isithombe: Idada leMuscovy emanzini
Amadada eMuscovy awakhethi ngokudla, angama-omnivores. Izilwane zizodla ukhula, utshani nezinhlamvu ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ama-crustaceans kanye nama-amphibians. Bazokujabulela futhi ukuhlafuna umnenke noma izimpande zezitshalo.
Amadada aseMuscovy adume kakhulu ngokudla amabhungane. Kokunye ukuhlola, lezi zilwane zabekwa emapulazini obisi kanye nemiphumela yazo kubakhasayo abathukayo kule ndawo kwabonwa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, amadada e-muscovy anciphisa inani lezimpukane ngama-96.8% kanye nesibungu nge-98.7%. Abazikhohlisi noma bancokole uma kukhulunywa ngokudla kwabo okuthandayo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abanye abantu basebenzise amadada amadada njenge- "control pest". Ucwaningo lwaseCanada ngezindlela zokulawula izimpukane luthole ukuthi idada le-muscovy lidle cishe izikhathi eziphindwe ka-30 inani lama-flycatcher ahlukahlukene, amaphepha nezinye izindlela eziqinisekisiwe!
Ngakho-ke, amadada e-muscovy angadla imikhaza, izimpukane, amakhilikithi, amacimbi, izintethe, izibungu nezinye izinambuzane eziningi. Bakwazi ngisho nokufunela izibungu neziphungumangathi. Izilwane zenza umsebenzi oncomekayo wokulawula izinambuzane, ngoba zisebenzisa izinambuzane kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Ngokwengeziwe, amadada e-muscovy athanda i-roach futhi ayidle njengamaswidi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Amadada kaMuscovy
Amadada asendle awaziwa ngokuba nobungani noma ubuqili, ngakho-ke uma uhamba eNingizimu Melika futhi uzibuza ukuthi kufanele uyondle yini imihlambi emfuleni, impendulo ithi cha. Uma kukhulunywa ngamadada ama-musk afuywayo, aziwa ngokuba nobungane ngoba akhuliswa njengemfuyo. Zithengwa futhi zithengiswe njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile.
Amadada anjalo angafunda ukudla ezandleni zawo futhi aphendule amagama athile. Bangakwazi ngisho nokuntweza izimpaphe zabo zomsila, ngakho-ke abantu bavame ukuhlekisa bethi “bayimidlwane” lapho belandela amakhosi abo, beshikizisa imisila yabo, futhi becela ukudla ngamehlo. Amadada eMuscovy angaba nolaka lapho enesithukuthezi, ekhathazekile, ekhungathekile noma elambile. Bangaziphatha kabi futhi lapho befika ebusheni kodwa benganikwanga umlingani.
Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi amadada ama-musk angaqeqeshwa ngokuya ngemvelo yawo. Icebo ukuthi baqale besebancane. Phendula ngokushesha kunoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuhlukumezeka ngemiyalo yomlomo neyomzimba, futhi ungazivumeli zisuke kwi-hook ngoba zincane futhi zihle. Ngenkathi izenzo zabo zingabonakala zithandeka lapho zincane, amadada aluhlaza, ekugcineni izilwane zizokhula zibe yizinyoni ezingama-4 no-7, futhi ukubambelela kwazo kungadala umonakalo omkhulu. Amadada eMuscovy amaflaya amahle kakhulu. Bayayithanda kakhulu, futhi idada livame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emoyeni kunasemhlabathini. Bathanda ukuhlala ocingweni, emawundwini, ophahleni, ezindlini zezinkukhu nakwezinye izindawo ezivela phezulu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Amadada aseMuscovy awahambi. Banamandla okwenza lokhu ngokomzimba, futhi bangenza imisindo ephezulu lapho becindezelekile, kepha lokhu akuyona into ejwayelekile yezinhlobo.
Amadada eMuscovy aziwa ngokuhoshela kwawo. Lona umsindo ophansi, ofana nenyoka, kodwa hhayi ukuthi unegethivu. Amadada amaMuscovite ayathanda "ukuxhumana" nabantu nezilwane, ebakhoshela. Yindlela nje abaxhumana ngayo, futhi bayayenza uma bejabule, bedabukile, benenjabulo nakho konke okuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadada ama-muscovy abesifazane angakhipha ama-grunts noma ama-trill. Imvamisa, bakhomba izingane zabo. Ngokungafani neyakhe, lokhu cishe njalo umsindo ojabulisayo noma opholile.
Manje usuyazi ukugcina idada le-muscovy ekhaya. Ake sibone ukuthi le nyoni ihlala kanjani endle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: amawundlu amadada eMuscovy
Amadada eMuscovy awahlangani kanye empilweni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamadada, la madada awenzi ngazimbili ezizinzile. Bangabuyela kumlingani ofanayo uma zingekho ezinye izindlela, kepha endle bazobheka abalingani abahlukene ngenkathi ngayinye entsha yokukhwelana.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana samadada ama-musky siqala ngo-Agasti kuya kuMeyi. Abesilisa bazoheha abesifazane ngokugwedla imisila yabo nokufaka amandla ezinqeni zabo. Lapho insikazi ikhulelwa, yakha isidleke emgodini wesihlahla bese izalela amaqanda ayo ngokuphepha. Isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku ezingama-30 kuye kwezingu-35. Omama bazogada amaqanda abo ngesihluku ngalesi sikhathi; zishiya izidleke zazo kanye ngosuku ukuze ziphuze amanzi noma zigeze ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho, babuyela ezinganeni zabo.
Lapho insikazi izalela iqanda ngalinye, "iyachwaza" ukuze idada lifakwe ezwini lalo. Uzobe esefukamela ngokucophelela amaqanda akhe aze achamusele. Imvamisa abesifazane abaningi bazala ndawonye. Amadada azohlala nomama wawo amasonto ayi-10-12 ukuze afudumale futhi aphephe. Ngalesi sikhathi, bazofunda wonke amakhono abawadingayo ukuze baphile. Uma enamasonto ayi-12 ubudala, amadada azoba yizinyoni ezinhle, kepha engakavuthwa.
Amadada ama-muscovy abesifazane abekela amaqanda ayi-8-15 ngasikhathi. Mikhulu impela futhi lesi ngesinye sezizathu sokuthi kungani zibaluleke kangaka. Zingaba nesisindo esiphindwe kabili kunamaqanda enkukhu. Idada lizalela amaqanda amhlophe amakhulu angama-60-120 ngonyaka (inani elincane lamadada).
Izitha zemvelo zamadada amadada
Isithombe: Abukeka kanjani amadada ama-musky
Amadada eMuscovy yizinyoni ezimnandi futhi izilwane eziningi ziyathanda ukuwadla. Cishe noma yimuphi umhlaseli onemilenze emine uzolidla idada noma nini lapho ethola ithuba. Izimpungushe nama-weasel kumane nje kungabantu ababili bezilwane ezincelisayo ezincelisayo ezingabhekana nazo. Izinyoka nazo zidla amadada, kanjalo nezinyoni ezidla inyama njengoklebe, izikhova nezinkozi. Izimfudu zithanda ukudla amadada amancane.
Amadada amadada nawo angazingelwa amagwababa echobana ngoba laba bantu abagcini ngokudla kuphela, kepha futhi bangabazingeli abakhuthele abadla njalo ngezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinjengamadada - okusho ukuthi, bangakwazi ukubamba idada lokudla isidlo sasemini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, basala babhekene ubuso nobuso nedada le-musk elithukuthele elizovikela kalula noma amatshwele alo.
Ama-mink, ama-weasel, ama-otter, nama-ferrets nawo ayayithanda inyama yawo yedada, futhi azohlala njalo azingela amadada e-muscovy, ebeka impilo yawo engcupheni ezindaweni zawo ezinamanzi - amadada angababhukudi abanethonya elikhulu kulokhu.
Ezinye izidumbu ezisongela amadada e-muscovy zifaka:
- izimfudu ezidubulayo ezidume kabi, ezibizwa kanjalo ngemihlathi yazo echoboza amathambo, engabulala futhi ibulale noma yini ebekwe kabi ukuze ibanjwe;
- izingulube nezingwenya;
- izinkozi, kufaka phakathi izinkozi ezinempandla kanye nabazala bazo begolide;
- okhetshe noklebe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Amadada kaMuscovy
Amadada eMuscovy awahlolwa noma yikuphi ebangeni lawo, futhi kuncane okwaziwayo ngenani labantu bawo. I-Wetlands International ilinganisela inani labantu bayo ukuthi liphakathi kwezigidi eziyi-100 000 nesigidi esisodwa futhi kusikisela ukuthi bayancipha. Kuhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lwezinhlobo ezisengozini, leli dada libalwe njengelona elisengozini encane kakhulu, yize izibalo zazo zincipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Idada leMuscovy alikho ohlwini lwezinyoni luka-2014. Ukongiwa kwalezi zinhlobo kudinga ukuvikelwa ekuzingelweni nasekulondolozweni kwamaxhaphozi asezindaweni ezishisayo eziphansi. Ukwehla okukhulu kwabantu eMexico kungenxa yokuzingela ngokweqile nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi amahlathi. Ukuzingela amadada namaqanda awo kuyingozi eMelika Ephakathi. Ngoba leli dada elikhulu lidinga indawo enkulu yokwakha izidleke ukuze lihambisane nosayizi walo, kuvela izinkinga njengoba ihlathi elidala lokukhula lincipha nezindawo zemvelo zilahlekile.
Ngenhlanhla, amadada ama-musk angasebenzisa izidleke zokufakelwa. Ngemuva kokuthi amaDada Unlimited akhe izidleke ezingaphezu kwezingu-4,000 zamadada e-muscovy enyakatho yeMexico ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, inani labantu selikhule landa laya ezindaweni eziqhelile zeRio Grande Valley eseTexas. Inani lamadada asendle eMuscovite e-United States belilokhu landa kancane kusukela ngo-1984.
Idada le-Muscovy Ingabe idada elithulile, elinokuthula elinobuntu balo. Lawa madada "akhuluma" ngemisila yawo, ewaphephetha ngokufutheka lapho ephiliswa noma ejabule, njengezinja. Izilwane ziyabekezelela isimo sezulu sasebusika futhi inqobo nje uma kunendawo yokukhosela efanelekile, futhi azivamile ukufuduka ngaphandle uma isimo sezulu singesihle. Phakathi kokunye, yinyoni enomuntu ethanda ukuzingela izimpukane nomiyane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/03/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 28.09.2019 ngo-12: 00
